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Biomedical subjects

P Goddard

Publications and source records attributed to P Goddard.

89 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1973

The effect of a chemically defined diet on the faecal flora and faecal steroid concentration.

The consumption of a chemically defined diet altered both the faecal flora and faecal steroids. Enterobacteria increased while enterococci and other lactic acid bacteria decreased in number. No other obvious change occurred. However, the alteration in the degree of degradation of the faecal neutral steroids may reflect some alteration in the anaerobic flora. Total excretion of both acid and neutral steroids was also reduced. On cessation of the diet both faecal flora and faecal steroids reverted to levels before the diet.

Bacteroides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Video loop MRI of ocular motility disorders.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate a novel means of assessing ocular motility disorders using MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A GE image of the orbit was acquired in a set plane each time the patient fixed on a series of points spread across the field of view. The images were transferred in sequence to a video recorder to create a cineloop of ocular movement. The technique was used in 33 patients with a range of ocular motility disorders including thyroid eye disease, posttraumatic diplopia, and Duane syndrome. RESULTS: In addition to anatomical detail, functional information could be derived from motion of the globe, motion of the optic nerve, and contractility of individual muscles. This is of particular use to the ophthalmic surgeon in disorders of ocular motility following eye surgery. CONCLUSION: A method of recording eye movements using MRI is described that offers useful functional information in the evaluation of disorders of ocular motility.

Eye↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Staging of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx: a comparison of MRI and CT in T- and N-staging.

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to assess the accuracy of CT and MRI in staging of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity and oropharynx. METHOD: Fifty-one episodes of primary and recurrent SCC were assessed with CT and MRI. The results were compared with pathological staging. RESULTS: For staging primary tumours, the accuracy of MR was 77% and that of CT was 67%. For detecting recurrent tumour, the accuracy of MR was 89% and that of CT was 100%. For N-staging, nodal sites were divided, according to the site of the primary tumour, into high and low risk. Sensitivity for high risk sites was 60% for clinical assessment, 35% for CT, and 75% for MR. Negative predictive value (NPV) was < or = 50% for all methods. For low risk sites, the NPV was > or = 95% for all methods. CONCLUSION: For T-staging, MR scanning is overall more accurate than CT. If degraded images and T1 tumours are excluded, the techniques are comparable. MR scanning is oversensitive for recurrent disease. For N-staging, all methods failed to detect small metastatic deposits.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experiencing nursing governance: developing a post merger nursing committee structure.

In a mid-sized city in south-central Ontario, two hospitals with four physical sites underwent a merger to form one large corporation; this merger was in response to the recommendations of a provincial restructuring commission. Health care delivery within the large corporation was reorganized using a program management structure. An outcome of program management within this corporation was the dissolution of the traditional nursing departments. In recognition of the need for a professional voice, the corporation created a new governance structure, which included the Professional Advisory Committee. Twenty-five disciplines are represented within this committee; each of these disciplines created its own professional committee. Nursing, then, was responsible for developing the Nursing Practice Committee (NPC). The following article describes the process by which front line nursing staff developed the NPC. A nursing structure task force was struck to accomplish this purpose; the task force is described, including membership, mandate, activities, principles and goals. The environmental assessment that was conducted by the task force is described, along with the process by which the NPC structure was designed and implemented. Challenges and successes experienced are presented. Rosabeth Kanter's framework for staff empowerment is used to understand how nursing governance was transformed in the development of the NPC.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Governance models within multi-institutional systems.

The differences in governance models for multi-institutional systems are primarily related to the number of governing boards within a given system. This article presents those models with a corporate level governing board that maintains ultimate legal responsibility for the system. Although this is a complex issue, the needs of the patients and communities the affected organizations serve must be at the forefront of all discussions.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of glutathione (GSH) in determining sensitivity to platinum drugs in vivo in platinum-sensitive and -resistant murine leukaemia and plasmacytoma and human ovarian carcinoma xenografts.

Numerous studies performed in vitro have suggested a role for glutathione (GSH) in determining the sensitivity/resistance of tumour cells to various platinum-based drugs. Few studies have extended these findings into the in vivo setting. We have measured GSH levels in two murine (ADJ/PC6 plasmacytoma and L1210 leukaemia and their acquired platinum-drug-resistant sublines) and five human ovarian carcinoma (PXN/100, PXN/109T/C, SKOV3, HX/62 and OVCAR-3) tumour models of varying sensitivity to cisplatin. Results showed that relatively high GSH levels may be involved, at least partially, in determining platinum drug resistance in vivo in at least some of the tumour models studied (ADJ/PC6 carboplatin and tetraplatin resistant tumours; L1210 cisplatin and tetraplatin resistant tumours and the HX/62 and OVCAR-3 human ovarian carcinoma xenografts). However, in other tumours (e.g., the acquired cisplatin resistant ADJ/PC6 plasmacytoma) non-GSH mediated mechanisms of resistance (such as enhanced DNA repair) probably account for the resistance. Pretreatment of animals with oral buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which resulted in approximately 70% depletion in tumour GSH levels, failed to potentiate the antitumour efficacy of either cisplatin (using the ADJ/PC6 and L1210 models) or the 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) platinum-drug, tetraplatin (using the ADJ/PC6 model). These BSO plus or minus cisplatin data suggest a limited role for such combinations in the clinic.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Applying the Stetler-Marram model to a nursing administration problem: a graduate student learning experience.

Research utilization models have not commonly been used in attempts to solve workplace problems using the results of nursing administration research. This paper describes a graduate learning experience in which the Stetler-Marram Research Utilization Model was applied to a fictitious case in nursing administration. In this case, the model was used to develop a research-based intervention to improve job satisfaction in a hospital setting.

Education, Nursing, Graduate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metabolism, protein binding and in vivo activity of the oral platinum drug JM216 and its biotransformation products.

This study evaluates the metabolism of the oral platinum drug JM216 [bis(acetato) amminedichloro (cyclohexylamine)platinum (IV)] following oral administration to Balb C- mice. JM216 was detectable 1 h post administration in mice but not in patients. Also, a late eluting metabolite observed in patients was not detected in mice. JM118 [amminedichloro(cyclohexylamine) platinum (II)], the platinum II species which is the major metabolite in patients was rapidly converted following i.v. administration to a compound having the same retention time as JM383 [bis(acetato)ammine(cyclohexylamine)dihydroxo platinum(IV)] indicating that the levels of JM383 following JM216 administration have probably been overestimated. The metabolite D observed in patients for which a structure has not been assigned, was also detected in mice. However, it did not originate from any of the identified biotransformation products. The protein binding evaluated in plasma, and buffer with physiological levels of albumin and globulin showed that only Platinum (II) species have significant binding and that Jm118 showed the same affinity to albumin and globulin (t 1/2 of 4.2 and 4.8 h) while cisplatin bound more readily to albumin (t 1/2 3.4 h) than globulin IV (t 1/2 8.2 h). JM216 itself failed to bind to either of the proteins tested indicating extensive reduction in patients, animals or plasma incubation medium. JM118 and JM518 [bis(acetato)amminechloro(cyclohexylamine) hydroxoplatinum (IV)] were significantly more active than the platinum IV complexes JM216 and JM383 when given i.p. to ADJ/PC6 plasmacytoma bearing mice (ED90 of 1.0 and 0.4 versus 5.7 and 4.2 mg/kg, TI (therapeutic index) of 14 and 37 versus 5.3 and 4.2). When given orally, JM216 was the most potent drug (ED90 of 5.8 versus 11,12 and 42 mg/kg and TI of 57 versus 12 12 and 16) for JM118 and JM383. There data indicates that JM216 biotransformation products are potent but that the levels of JM383 determined in our analytical conditions could have been overestimated.

Administration, Oral↗