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Biomedical subjects

P Fischer

Publications and source records attributed to P Fischer.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Reaction of cimetidine with Fenton reagent. A biomimetic model for the mixed-function oxidase drug metabolism.

Cimetidine sulfoxide, N-desmethylcimetidine, N-desmethylcimetidine sulfoxide, cimetidine guanylurea, and the 5-hydroxymethylimidazole derivative of cimetidine sulfoxide were isolated from the reaction of cimetidine with Fenton reagent. The product distribution from the reaction of cimetidine with Fenton reagent clearly simulates the metabolism of cimetidine by the mixed-function oxidase.

Cimetidine↗
PubMed1986

Chromosomal damage induced in human lymphocytes by low doses of D-T neutrons.

Unstable chromosome aberrations induced by in vitro irradiation with zero plus seven low doses of 14.8 MeV D-T neutrons in the range 3.55-244 mGy have been analysed in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. In order to obtain the required large numbers of scored cells for such low doses, fourteen laboratories participated in the experiment. The dose responses for dicentrics, excess acentrics and total aberrations, fitted well to the Y = alpha D model. The alpha coefficient of yield for dicentrics, 1.60 +/- 0.07 X 10(-2) Gy-1, compares well with the values obtained in previous studies with D-T neutrons at somewhat higher doses. Results from a previous collaborative study using 250 kVp X-rays over a comparable dose range indicated the possible existence of a threshold below 50 mGy. In the present study there is no clear evidence for neutrons for such a threshold. However, the data were insufficient to permit the rejection of a possible threshold below approximately 10 mGy.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1986

[Primary radiotherapy of esophageal carcinoma: a therapeutic alternative?].

The authors present the results of primary radiotherapy in 73 patients with esophagus carcinomas. A subgroup of non-circular squamous-cell carcinomas without remote and lymph node metastases (n = 19) shows a prognosis which is very favorable for this tumor. As local therapy of the esophagus carcinoma can only aim at a tolerable course of the disease until the appearance of metastases, the results achieved give occasion to doubt the priority of surgery in case of operable tumors. The question arises if primary radiotherapy wouldn't be an effective and not very risky alternative for patients presenting these favorable criteria.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Antibacterial efficacy of Fabry's tinctura on the resident flora of the skin at the forehead. Study of bacterial population dynamics in stratum corneum and infundibulum after single and repeated applications.

The in-vivo antibacterial activity of Fabry's tinctura (FT), a 3 w% salicylic acid, 1 w% phenoli liquefacti containing 50 v/v% isopropanol used in dermatology for the treatment of erythrasma, pityriasis versicolor, acne vulgaris a.o. on the human resident skin flora was assessed by a new test method in comparison to 60 v/v% isopropanol. The test method consists of a detergent scrub method (DSM) in combination with the cyanoacrylate method (CAM) thus allowing the quantitative determination of bacterial densities in two depth compartments of human skin, separately for bacterial genera. The most important innovation of this test method is that its arrangement, especially the separate evaluation of the genera of the resident flora, makes it possible to examine the ability of an antimicrobial agent to invade different depth compartments by its bioactivity against the resident flora and to measure short-and-long-term efficacies under physiological conditions. Our findings in 120 volunteers indicate that compared to 60% isopropanol FT is able to reduce bacterial density in superficial and deep skin compartments immediately after a single application equally well, but for a significantly longer period. In repeated applications, 60% isopropanol does not produce a cumulative or long-lasting effect, but it causes an abundant rebound growth of Propionibacterium spp. in the lower skin compartment. FT, however, shows a cumulative antibacterial effect at the surface and in the depth persisting up to four days after the last application. It is concluded that by its salicylic acid and phenolic content FT is an effective drug for the topical antimicrobial therapy of skin diseases.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1986

[Incidence and significance of lung diseases caused by tuberculosis bacteria and atypical mycobacteria in East Germany].

The number of new cases of pulmonary mycobacterial diseases registered in the GDR was 1,574 in the year 1982, 1,525 in 1983, and 1,404, as a preliminary result, in 1984. That is an incidence rate per 100,000 population of 9.4, 9.1, and 8.4, respectively. In 1982 Mycobacterium bovis was isolated in 4.6% of all newly diagnosed pulmonary cases, and in 1983 and 1984 a certain decrease became evident, namely to 3.5 and 3.1%, respectively. The number of patients with recognized diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria was 20 in 1982 and 33 in 1983, which equals 1.3 and 2.2%, respectively, of the newly diagnosed bacillary cases. In causing a mycobacteriosis M. kansasii is the most important potential pathogenic species of nontuberculous mycobacteria, followed by M. xenopi. Nine tenths of the patients with mycobacteriosis were men. About eighty per cent of the male patients were older than 50 years. The absolute number of newly diagnosed lung diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria in the GDR was nearly the same during the last years: there were 20 to 33 patients per year.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1986

[Daily ultrashort chemotherapy and intermittent short-term chemotherapy with 4 drugs of communicable pulmonary tuberculosis treated for the first time. Results of a cooperative multicenter study].

Three short-course regimens, all comprising isoniazide (H), rifampicine (R), streptomycine (S) and pyrazinamide (Z), are compared in a randomized prospective cooperative clinical trial. The drugs are given daily in a 3-month regimen (3-HRSZ), twice a week in a 6-month regimen (6-HRSZ2), and in a further two-phase 6-month regimen the 4 drugs are administered 3 times a week for the first 3 months followed by the administration of HSZ twice a week (without R) for further 3 months (3-HRSZ3/3-HSZ2). The number of patients admitted to study is 80, 144 and 139 respectively. The 3-month regimen has been stopped because of a high rate of relapses. 17 p.c. of the patients admitted have to be excluded from analysis for various reasons, out of these 5.8 p.c. because of adverse reactions. Two thirds of the patients had heavily positive sputum cultures at the start. 300 patients completed therapy. At the end of therapy cultures were negative in 94 p.c., 100 p.c. and 99 p.c. respectively. The rate of bacteriological relapses is 19 p.c. in 3-HRSZ, 9 p.c. in 3-HRSZ3/3-HSZ2 and 3 p.c. in 6-HRSZ2, during a follow-up period of 3-4 years after completing therapy. The acceptability was good in all treatment groups. Adverse reactions like "flu" were rarely observed. Increased blood urea was common but in general without clinical symptoms. Elevation of ALAT and ASAT was relatively frequent but mostly transient and without clinical importance. The results served as basis for the new "Recommendation for Treatment of Tuberculosis" and are interpreted with regard to practical consequences and possibilities for further rationalisation of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Indoor air pollution and its effect on pulmonary function of adult non-smoking women: I. Exposure estimates for nitrogen dioxide and passive smoking.

The potential effects of indoor NO2 and tobacco smoke on the respiratory system were studied using pulmonary function data from a longitudinal study. In 1982, NO2 was measured in 163 homes of non-smoking adult women and detailed information on smoking inside the house was gathered over the period 1965-1982. Personal exposure to NO2 was calculated from the measured levels and the activity pattern of the study population (range 11-139 micrograms NO2/m3). Historical exposure was estimated using regression models of NO2 on house characteristics. It is shown that estimation of historical exposure to indoor NO2 on the basis of house characteristics only is, at present, too inaccurate for use in epidemiological studies. Actual measurement of NO2 is unavoidable for exposure assessment in health effect studies of indoor exposure to NO2.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Indoor air pollution and its effect on pulmonary function of adult non-smoking women: II. Associations between nitrogen dioxide and pulmonary function.

The association between nitrogen dioxide levels in homes and pulmonary function of 97 non-smoking adult women was investigated in a rural area in the Netherlands. The study population was a sub-sample of a longitudinal field study on chronic non-specific lung diseases which was started in 1965. Pulmonary function tests were performed at three-yearly intervals. NO2 was measured for one week in the winter in kitchen, living room and bedroom of each home. Cross-sectional analyses showed negative associations between NO2 exposure and several pulmonary function parameters as measured in the 1982 study. No significant association could be found between NO2 exposure and pulmonary function decline since the start of the study.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Indoor air pollution and its effect on pulmonary function of adult non-smoking women: III. Passive smoking and pulmonary function.

The association between pulmonary function and exposure to tobacco smoke in the home was investigated in a sample of adult, non-smoking women living in a rural area. The women were all participants in a large longitudinal survey on the natural history and determinants of chronic non-specific lung disease. On cross-sectional analysis, several pulmonary function parameters were found to be significantly associated with exposure to tobacco smoke in the home. There was no association between exposure and pulmonary function decline.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Sonography of the penis shaft].

The development of highly frequent transducers has created new diagnostic possibilities for the sonography in the area of the body of the penis. We controlled the valency of this technique on our patients. While the usual clinical and radiological methods still predominate in the diagnostics of traumas of the penis and diseases of the cavernous bodies, the ultrasound gives new possibilities of the exact classification in the carcinoma of the penis and the induratio penis plastica. Thus the basis for the development of alternative therapeutic methods is given.

Diagnosis, Differential↗