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Biomedical subjects

P Ever-Hadani

Publications and source records attributed to P Ever-Hadani.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Does grand multiparity affect fetal outcome?

Low birthweight and stillbirth rates of 16,647 Jerusalem deliveries were examined by birth-order comparing longitudinal to cross-sectional data. Six hundred fifty-seven complete sibships of 7 or more were assessed, including 95 sibships from the socio-economically homogeneous ultraorthodox Jewish community of Mea Shearim. In both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies grandmultiparas were not at increased risk for low birthweight, but did have a higher frequency of stillbirths.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1987

Changes in pattern of organochlorine residues in blood of general Israeli population, 1975-1986.

This study reviews data on the changes with time of the blood levels of some organochlorine compounds (OCCs) in the general Israeli population. All the studied OCC residues, except for p,p'-DDD, were significantly lower in 1985-1986 than in 1975. A decline in blood residues of organochlorine pesticides was observed mainly in the second half of the 1970s, whereas a fall in the polychlorinated biphenyl residue levels took place in the first half of the 1980s. During the latter period, unexplained increases in p,p'-DDD, dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide residue levels were seen. A significant decrease in the blood levels of OCCs quickly metabolized in the body (p,p'-DDT, tetrachlorobiphenyls) indicated a considerable reduction of environmental exposures. The clear decline in OCC contamination of the environment and, in particular, of the human body during the reviewed period (1975-1986) resulted from the restrictions imposed in Israel on the use of OCCs. Nevertheless this does not mean that this problem has been solved. Some health implications of low-level life-long OCC exposure are discussed, and further environmental and biological monitoring and control measures are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Accuracy of mothers' recall of birthweight and gestational age.

Information on the birthweight and gestational age of previous siblings is usually dependent upon maternal recall. This information is of importance in assessing the current risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The validity of maternal recall of birthweight and gestational age of 880 children born to 97 multiparas was examined by comparison with hospital records. About 75% of all reported birthweights were accurate to within 100 g and a similar proportion of reported gestational ages was correct to within 1 week. Recall was most accurate for most recent births as well as for earliest births and was not related to maternal age or education. There was a tendency for the smallness of low birthweight infants to be exaggerated by mothers. We conclude that within defined limitations, maternal recall of birthweight and gestational age of previous children is sufficiently accurate for clinical and even for epidemiological use.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1986

Levels of some organochlorine residues in blood of patients with arteriosclerotic disease.

This study aims to elucidate if any association exists between the development of arteriosclerotic disease and contamination of the internal human environment with certain organochlorine compounds (OCCs). For this purpose the levels of DDT isomers and their metabolites, and of lindane, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in blood serum of 11 patients suffering from slight to moderate (group A), and 24 patients with moderate to severe (group B), arteriosclerotic lesions. The control group consisted of 27 patients with no obvious manifestations of arteriosclerosis. The main findings of the study in comparison with the control group were: Mean OCC residue levels in blood were slightly higher in group A and markedly so in group B; The variability and the extent of departure from normality of distributions of organochlorine insecticides (OCIs) decreased, whereas those of PCBs increased, in arteriosclerotic patients (more markedly in group B); The degree of correlation between blood serum levels of various OCCs was elevated in group A and low in group B. It remains to be ascertained whether changes in the body burden of OCCs are primary, resulting from increased exposure to and absorption of these compounds which thus contribute to the development of arteriosclerosis, or are of secondary origin, due to inhibition of xenobiotic metabolism caused by interference of the arteriosclerotic process with the functions of drug metabolizing enzymes of liver microsomes.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1986

Need for urgent medical care in a Jerusalem neighborhood: a population-based study.

We conducted a population-based survey of an urban community in Jerusalem to estimate the incidence of urgent and emergency medical events and to characterize the response of the populace to various medical episodes. We found deficiencies in the ability of the population to identify an urgent event, resulting in long delays in seeking professional care, as well as inappropriate choice of source of care, in a substantial proportion of subjects. These deficiencies can and should be corrected by inexpensive educational programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Risk factors for coronary artery disease in 124 Jerusalem medical students.

As part of an epidemiologic teaching exercise, we studied coronary risk factors in two consecutive classes of Jerusalem medical students (n = 124) and calculated a summary coronary risk score for each student. Men were at higher risk than women because of greater body mass, higher blood pressure and more cigarette smoking. Married males were at lower risk than single males because they had lower cholesterol levels and smoked less. Married and single females were at equal risk. Jerusalem students smoked more than most groups of American medical students and less than their European counterparts. There is reason to believe that an exercise of this kind may result in risk-reducing behavior on the part of high-risk students.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Recruitment of subjects for fecal occult blood screening: a comparison of two methods in Jerusalem.

Two approaches to the recruitment of subjects for screening for fecal occult blood were tested in two middle-class neighborhoods in Jerusalem. After invitations were mailed to 2,909 persons aged 40 and older, 855 (29%) requested the special "Colo-Screen" packet of slides; and 496, one-sixth of those contacted originally, ultimately returned stool specimens for examination. In a parallel campaign by family doctors, invitations were distributed personally to 324 patients visiting a Sick Fund Clinic; 225 (69%) requested Colo-Screen slides and 137 (42% of the persons invited) sent in stool specimens. Males and females responded equally. Of the 633 specimens received, 29 (4.6%) were positive for occult blood; two cancers and seven adenomatous polyps were found and resected. Screening programs for colorectal cancer should encourage greater personal participation of family doctors in the recruitment process.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Emergency department utilization during a doctors' strike.

Emergency department (ED) patient volume at Jerusalem's Shaare Zedek Hospital was 33% higher during the 1983 doctors' strike as compared with the same period in 1982. Excess visits were recorded for both sexes (P less than 0.0001), but there were many more excess visits by females than males. The largest increase in visits by adults (60-70%) was in persons aged 40-64 years (P less than 0.02), and there was also a large and unexplained increase in ED visits by girls under age 6 (P less than 0.0003). In contrast to excess ED visits, which were higher during the strike for both sexes, excess hospital admissions via the ED were recorded only among females (P = 0.007). The number of ED visits during the strike was increased on all three hospital work shifts (P less than 0.0001), with the greatest number of excess visits occurring between 7 AM and 3 PM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Pluralist social constraints on the development of a health care system: the case of Israel.

The effectiveness of Israel's health care system is hindered by pluralism, in terms both of its many separate health service institutions and of the particularism of those institutions. Although the health care system provides modern health care to a widely insured population, it does so inefficiently and at unnecessary expense. The lack of vertical and horizontal integration of the health care system has led to problems of fragmentation, duplication, and lack of coordination of services. Because of its limited resources, Israel must work to surmount this pluralism and achieve integrated planning if it is to succeed in providing the efficient and cost-effective care its population needs.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1979

Health expenditure under multiple-priority pressures. A case study of Israel.

Since Israel's inception, it has faced many problems that have a high priority in the national consciousness. Problems of defense and national security are outstanding among these, and problems such as absorption of immigrants, education, land reclamation and water supply are next. This creates heavy pressure on scarce resources, and is reflected in the share of specific items in Government and national expenditures. An analysis of developments since the early 1950s shows how health expenditure has been given a high priority in the evaluation of the nation's needs on one hand, and has been influenced by defense needs and other pressing requests on the other hand. It may be concluded that health receives a fair share of the nation's resources, but, in view of the strained economic situation in the country, careful planning for future health services in coordination, cooperation and integration with other welfare services is essential.

Budgets↗
PubMed1975

Effect of testosterone and estradiol-17beta on synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein in human breast in organ culture.

Effects of testosterone (T) and estradiol-17beta (E-2) on the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein were studied in explants of the following types of malignant and non-malignant human female breast grown in organ culture: cystic mastitis (7 cases), fibroadenoma (8), carcinoma (17) and uninvolved tissue from cancer-bearing breast (8). In cultures of systic mastitis T uniformly inhibited the incorporation of thymidine-3H into DNA, uridine-3H into RNA and L-amino acids-14C (AA-14C) into protein. E-2 inhibited the incorporation of thymidine-3H, but had a variable effect on the incorporation of uridine-3H and AA-14C. Cultures of fibroadenoma, with no steroid added, were highly proliferative especially at the outer surface, but the incorporation of thymidine-3H, uridine-3H and AA-14C was much lower than in cystic mastitis. Whereas in fibroadenoma T uniformly inhibited the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein, the effect of E-2 was variable: in most cases it inhibited the synthesis of DNA,but in one it stimulated it appreciably; in the majority of cases E-2 stimulated RNA and protein synthesis. In cultures of cancerous tissue T depressed, in most cases, the incorporation of thymidine-3H, uridine-3H and AA-14C, but it stimulated it in 4 out of 17. E-2 inhibited the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein in 6 cases (2 of them were inhibited by T), stimulated them in 9 (one stimulated by T) and had no clear effect in 2. The effect of the steroids on the explants of uninvolved tissue was variable and did not always parallel their effect on the cancerous tissue from the respective patients.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1975

High- and low-risk blood donors in Jerusalem: a survey of the hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg).

A survey of the hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) in Jerusalem blood donors revealed an overall prevalence of 0.75%, with a significant difference between males (0.90%) and females (0.38%). Analysis according to ethnic groups indicated that immigrants from North Africa had the highest prevalence (3.18%) and immigrants and tourists from North America and Europe the lowest (0.35%). Analysis according to volunteer, paid professional or family replacement categories indicated that a fourfold increase in the HBsAg prevalence for family donors (0.38 to 1.77%) coincided with the discontinuation of payment to professional donors and intensification of recruitment efforts toward volunteers and replacement donors. Case investigation of the HBsAg-positive donors within the family replacement group revealed that 24% were, in fact, commercial donors covertly engaged by the families of patients to fulfill replacement obligations. The present study illustrates how a community blood program which includes nonvoluntary donations, such as family replacement donations, incurs the risk of inadvertently introducting commercial blood donors into donor population. The findings support the premise that a 100% volunteer blood program is the most reliable guarantee for maintaining a blood supply from healthy donorswith a minimal risk of infectivity from hepatitis.

Adolescent↗