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Biomedical subjects

P Coulanges

Publications and source records attributed to P Coulanges.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in Madagascan children].

A total of 80 nasopharyngeal secretions collected from malagasy children (53 boys and 27 girls) with viral acute respiratory infection, aged from 6 days to 10 year old admitted to the Pediatric Department of Antananarivo General Hospital from may to July 1983, were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence method. 54--samples were found positive for respiratory viruses. Distribution according age groups and sex has been studied: children belonging to 25-36 month age group and male sex were more infected. Following viral strains were detected in increasing frequency: Para-influenzae 3: 25 p. 100; RSV: 18 p. 10/; Adenovirus: 18 p. 100; Influenzae A: 13 p. 100; Influenzae B: 9 p. 100; Para-influenzae 1: 5 p. 100.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

[Isolation of two African arboviruses from endemic mosquitoes in Madagascar].

The authors report the isolation of two african arboviruses, ArD 28542 and MMP 158, from Malagasy endemic Culicidae, Anopheles mascarensis and Aedes ambreensis. These isolations prove therefore, that viruses unknown to Madagascar to this day can reach these island and fit with the local natural environment, which is remarkable for its high degree of endemicity. The eventuality of introducing pathogenic viruses by the same way is discussed.

Aedes↗
PubMed1985

Geographic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum antibodies in Madagascar.

Plasma samples from 50 subjects living in three distinct regions in Madagascar (Ankazobe, Manakara, and Foulpointe) were studied by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitated proteins from a Plasmodium falciparum strain (FCM22/Madagascar) which had been biosynthetically labelled with 35S-methionine and maintained in long-term in-vitro culture. Four major proteins with molecular weights of 96, 100, 110, and 118 kD were precipitated by plasma from Ankazobe, whereas low molecular weight proteins (27, 40, and 47 kD) were recognised more often by plasma from Foulpointe. Plasma from Manakara immunoprecipitated proteins of intermediate molecular weight. Variations in the immunological response according to the area, or antigenic diversity among the parasitic isolates might account for these results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Plasmodium falciparum in Madagascar: in vivo and in vitro sensitivity to seven drugs.

The sensitivity level of Plasmodium falciparum isolates to chloroquine and the activity of six other antimalarials were studied in the different climatic zones of Madagascar in 1983. In vivo tests were done with 10 and 25 mg kg-1 of chloroquine and amodiaquine. Early recrudescence or RII resistance was observed after treatment with 10 mg kg-1 of these drugs in 34% of the cases for chloroquine and 6.5% for amodiaquine, and after the 25 mg kg-1 dose in 7% and 0% of the cases respectively. In vitro sensitivity of 84 P. falciparum isolates to seven drugs were studied with a semi-microtest. For chloroquine, 9% of the isolates had an IC50 above 250 nM, indicating resistance. In vitro activity of piperaquine was high for all isolates except two. In vitro activity of amodiaquine, dichlorquinazine, quinine, mefloquine and halofantrine was good against all isolates (maximum IC50 was 76, 92, 560, less than or equal to 20 and less than or equal to 12 nM, respectively). Correlation between the WHO standard field test and the in vitro semi-microtest was good. Resistance of P. falciparum to chloroquine was observed in the six survey areas, but the other tested drugs showed good activity. Since no cross-resistance to 4-aminoquinolines seems to exist in Madagascar, amodiaquine (the only one available at present) should be studied as an alternative to chloroquine in the prevention and treatment of falciparum malaria in this area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Arboviruses and lemurs in Madagascar: experimental infection of Lemur fulvus with yellow fever and West Nile viruses.

In previous serological surveys of lemurs in Madagascar, antibodies against flaviviruses were frequently detected. To examine the epidemiological role of Lemur fulvus, experimental infections with yellow fever (YF) virus and West Nile (WN) virus were performed. YF and WN infections were clinically unapparent. A 3 to 4-day-long viremia, with moderate levels was observed with YF virus. WN virus, especially the strain isolated in Madagascar, provoked a 4 to 6-day-long viremia sufficient to infect Aedes aegypti. In all experiments, the antibody response was studied during the following weeks by 3 methods. The results led to the conclusion that Malagasy lemurs could act as amplifying hosts for WN virus present in Madagascar, and as hosts for YF virus if it were introduced on the island. The epidemiological role of these primates is discussed according to their ecology and their contact with potential mosquito vectors in forest areas of Madagascar.

Aedes↗
PubMed1985

[In vivo and in vitro sensitivity to 4-aminoquinolines of Plasmodium falciparum in Madagascar: results of 2 years' study].

563 cases of Falciparum malaria were detected in 1984 and 1985 in 7 malarial zones covering 3 climatic regions in Madagascar. All subjects underwent a therapeutic test; 175 strains of Plasmodium falciparum were isolated for in vitro drug sensitivity studies. 28 strains which were moderately chloroquine resistant in vitro were identified in 1983 in these various zones. However, 16% strains studied in 1984 in Alatsinainy (plateaux area), were chloroquine-resistant in vitro. The in vitro sensitivity to the other amino-4-quinolines seemed to be retained. In vivo, 7% of resistance type RI or RII were noted with 25 mg/kg of chloroquine but none with 25 mg/kg of amodiaquine. The usual therapeutic schedule for partially immune subjects (10 mg/kg in one dose) was ineffective on day 7 in 34% of the cases with chloroquine and 5% of the cases with amodiaquine. In conclusion to this study, we recommend that chemoprophylaxis should be stopped in schools in Madagascar and that presumed malarial attacks should be treated with a minimum dose of 25 mg/kg of chloroquine in 3 days. We suggest that amodiaquine should be used in cases of therapeutic failure with chloroquine.

Aminoquinolines↗
PubMed1984

Application of an in vitro semi-microtest to the study of drug sensitivity of 66 Plasmodium falciparum isolates from 15 countries.

The activity of four antimalarial drugs against 66 Plasmodium falciparum isolates from 15 countries was assessed by an in vitro semi-microtest. Median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for chloroquine were less than 120 nM in 22 isolates from patients successfully treated with chloroquine, and more than 250 nM in six isolates from patients with chloroquine-resistant malaria. 10 of 15 isolates from Brazil (Amazonia), 7 of 12 isolates from Madagascar, two from Kenya and two from Thailand had IC50 for chloroquine of more than 250 nM. None of the 35 isolates from West and Central Africa had IC50 of more than 120 nM. Very different levels of sensitivity were observed in Brazil and Madagascar. 27 of 28 isolates (including two that were chloroquine-resistant in vivo) had IC50 of less than 50 nM for dichlorquinazine, a 4-aminoquinoline. The IC50 for mefloquine was less than 160 nM in 55 isolates including ten from patients who were successfully treated with mefloquine. IC50 for quinine were between 140 and 660 nM for 30 isolates. This test has proved useful in epidemiological studies, therapeutic monitoring of clinical cases and in the evaluation of new drugs.

Animals↗