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Biomedical subjects

P Coulanges

Publications and source records attributed to P Coulanges.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Study of the antimicrobial action of various essential oils extracted from Malagasy plants. II: Lauraceae].

The microbial growth inhibitory properties of some Lauraceae essential oils, Laurus nobilis, Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) and Ravensara anisata were studied by the determination of their respective M.I.C. (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration). Five bacterial strains, one fungi and two yeasts were used to evaluate the essential oils inhibitory capacities. These vegetable extracts, with decrease activity, were range also: C. zeylanicum--bark greater than R. anisata--bark greater than C. zeylanicum--leaves greater than L. nobilis greater than R. anisata--leaves. The essential oils extracted from cinnamon and R. anisata--bark were very interesting by their antifungic activities.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Sensitivity of Yersinia pestis to antibiotics: 277 strains isolated in Madagascar between 1926 and 1989].

The antimicrobial susceptibility of 277 strains of Yersinia pestis was studied using broth microdilution panel. In recent strains, trimethoprim, cotrimoxazole and ampicillin were the most active of the antibiotics tested (MICs less than 2 mg/l). All strains were inhibited by 16 mg/l of kanamycin and sulfamethoxazole, 32 mg/l of sulphadiazine and sulfanilamide, and 64 mg/l of sulfamethoxypyridazine. Doxycycline, minocycline, chloramphenicol, demeclocycline, tetracycline, oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline were equally active but some of strains were resistant (13% for tetracycline; 32.5% for oxytetracycline; 84.5% for chlortetracycline). Analysis of MICs in relation with time (comparison of the two period: 1926-1948 and 1948-1989) evidenced a trend towards a decrease in susceptibility to cyclines prime generation. Sulphonamides and streptomycin preserve the some efficacity on Y. pestis but we have to notice the possible existence of resistant strain on high level with streptomycin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Severe hypoglycemia during a pernicious attack of Plasmodium falciparum malaria treated with quinine (study of 110 cases)].

One hundred and ten patients with severe falciparum malaria have been admitted between 1985 and 1987. All had received quinine to the same protocol: 8.3 mg base/kg infused intravenously over 3 hours every eight hours. A systematic glycaemic supervision by capillary glycaemia every eight hours has been employed. Hypoglycaemia occurred in 17 patients (15.5%). Despite an early injection of glucose, recurrent hypoglycaemia was almost constant (16 over 17). The mortality of the group with hypoglycaemia is significantly higher (41% to 25%; 00.5 less than p less than 0.1). We have not found any connection between the risk of hypoglycaemia and elements of gravity of the access. If the part of the patient (age, pregnancy), high parasitemia and impaired hepatic gluconeogenesis have been finding, our results suggest than quinine-induced insulin secretion is the principal mechanism of this hypoglycaemia. Its high incidence and its severity impose preventive measures.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Malaria in Ile de Sainte Marie in 1988. Epidemiological approach. Chloroquine sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum].

The Malaria Research Unit of the Madagascar Pasteur Institute and the local health authorities carried out a study in the Sainte Marie Island in August 1988. Epidemiological results were in agreement with those previously reported in areas of endemic malaria. Parasite and splenomegaly rates were 34.6 and 35.9% respectively, by both active and passive cases detection. Analysis of parasite densities and clinical symptoms in the various age groups demonstrates that protective immunity is absent in infants and young children, and appears by the age of 2 to 9 years. An in vivo study of the sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine was conducted in 41 patients. 39% of the infections were normally sensible (S) to WHO standard therapy (25 mg chloroquine/kg in 3 days), while 32% of the patients presented with a thick blood smear negative by D7, but positive by D14 (S/R1). Parasite resistance was observed in 29% of the infections: in 10% at the R1 level, and in 19% at the R2 level. Frequency and level of resistance to chloroquine are higher than those we observed in the East Coast in 1983 and 1985. However, chloroquine consistently achieves a high reduction in parasite densities and is still clinically active.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Antimalarial serology in 1987-1988 in the Highland Plateaux, the East coast and the South of Madagascar].

We studied 521 serum samples collected in 1987-88 in the Highland Plateaux and the East coast of Madagascar, two areas presenting different levels of malaria endemicity. Total anti-Plasmodium falciparum antibodies were investigated by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Antibodies directed to the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA) were investigated by a modified IFA (MIFA). Results were analysed in regards to malariological parameters (parasite and splenomegaly rates) collected simultaneously. IFA appears as a good epidemiological tool as it closely parallels the classical malariological parameters. In selected studies, the presence of P. falciparum parasites in blood was less frequent in individuals presenting with anti-RESA antibody, as detected by MIFA, than in the other individuals were consistently lower in subjects with anti-RESA antibody than in others.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Malagasy Highland Plateaux. Development of fever and parasite density. Clinical aspects].

In 1988, the sensitivity to chloroquine was investigated by the standard WHO in vivo test in 91 Plasmodium falciparum-infected individuals from the Highland Plateaux of Madagascar. As compared to the previous years, the level of resistance to chloroquine was increased, R2 resistant strains being present. This study also allows to define a policy for chloroquine therapy of patients. Following the malaria diagnosis by microscopy at DO, a single blood smear on D4 may indicate the parasitological cure for sensitive strains. However, 2 additional blood smears, on D7 and D14, are needed due to the presence of SR1, R1, and R2 strains. In all cases, a thick blood smear is required for microscopic observation, as the thin smear possess an insufficient threshold of sensitivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Development of antibiotic resistance of type 1 Shigella dysenteriae strains (Shiga bacillus) isolated in Tananarive on the East coast of Madagascar].

From November 1988 to March 1989, 804 Malagasy children stools were studied and 37 Shigella strains isolated. 5 Shigella dysenteriae type 1 from Malagasy East coast (Mananjary), presented a multiply resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulphonamides and trimethoprim. This last resistance has recently appeared in this area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Malaria in 1988 in a village of the Malagasy Highland Plateaux. Epidemiological findings].

In 1988, the Malaria Research Unit of the Madagascar Pasteur Institute settled an out-patients clinic in Manarintsoa, a village of the Highland Plateaux where epidemic malaria appeared recently. 2776 consultants presented between January and June. In addition, the 200 schoolchildren were examined thrice. For each individual, clinical examination and thick and thin blood smears were performed. In the out-patients, parasite rates were above 50% each month and in each age group; the mean parasite rate being 74%. Splenomegaly rates were above 60% in individuals less than 15 years of age, and around 20% in adults. In schoolchildren, parasite and splenomegaly rates are consistently above 50%. Gametocyte indexes were 7.5% and 7% in May and October, respectively. Plasmodium falciparum is the most encountered species (in 85% of the cases), but P. vivax and P. ovale are also present. P. malariae is very rare. Early diagnosis and adequate therapy were very effective against mortality. During the high transmission time, monthly mortality rates varied from 12% before our arrival to 0.66% after. The number of malaria attacks was estimated at 2 per man and per year. In this area of unstable malaria, presence of fever appears to be of poor predictive value of the malaria infection. Systematic chloroquine therapy of fevers would be adapted to only 43% of the cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to different antimalarials. A study in 1988 in a village in the Hauts-Plateaux of Madagascar].

Since a few years, malaria has reappeared in the Central Highland Plateaux of Madagascar. From 1983 to 1987, Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine remained stable, with a low frequency of R2 therapeutic failures. In 1988, a study was conducted in the village of Manarintsoa, 15 km from Tananarive. Ninety-one WHO in vivo standard tests were performed. In vitro efficacy of amodiaquine and quinine was also studied. In vitro, the efficacy of chloroquine, quinine, and mefloquine was measured against 104, 64, and 23 P. falciparum isolates, respectively, by an isotopic semi-microtest.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Arboviroses in the region of Nosy-Bé, Madagascar. Serologic and entomologic data].

Since 1977, the Pasteur Institute of Madagascar has been studying, during six surveys, the arboviruses of Nosy-Be area, in the north-west of Madagascar. 47.2% out of 271 human sera and 11.3% out of 151 sera of Lemurs, tested for antibodies to 16 arboviruses by the haemagglutination inhibition test, are positive. The results show an important prevalence of Flaviviruses. West Nile and Dengue 1 viruses were probably circulating some years before the surveys. Antibodies against Sindbis and Rift Valley Fever viruses, were found only in few subjects. Bunyamwera and California groups of virus are absent. The rate of positive Lemurs is weak, particularly in Lemur macaco macaco. Flaviviruses are the most frequent. 12,262 haematophagous diptera (11,965 Culicidae belonging to 40 species) were caught. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are both present. Arbovirus isolation attempts from 394 mosquito pools failed; only Mengo virus was isolated from four pools of Eretmapodites quinquevittatus and one pool of Aedes (Skusea) sp.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[In vitro sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in the highland region of Madagascar in 1987].

With the Le Bras's isotopic semi-microtest method, the authors have studied 139 strains of Plasmodium falciparum isolated in a village near Tananarive in the Highlands of Madagascar. Conditional malariometric rates show the increase of the recrudescence of Malaria in the area which was recently considered as "surveillance area". 5.8% of the 139 studied strains show an in vitro resistance higher than 120 nmoles/l, but whose the level is ever lower than in Africa. 4.3% exhibit a level between 90 and 120 nmoles/l. These values give better prospect for the Isle because the resistance strain rates have remain nearly stable since 1982. The resistance level is always low.

Animals↗