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Biomedical subjects

P Coulanges

Publications and source records attributed to P Coulanges.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of the prevalence of the main enteropathogenic agents in the West Imerina region: Manarintsoa].

For a 288 children's population aged from 5 to 14 years old and being school attendents in the village of MANARINTSOA, we have systematically investigated 60% of them in May 1988 and January 1989. Bacterial, parasitical and viral study of these stools showed off an important number of A. dispar and E. coli strains which have special phenotypes characters. The prevalence of Campylobacter and Ascaris lumbricoïdes is higher in this rural zone than in TANANARIVE. Two poliovirus of type 2 have been isolated in January 1989.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Seroepidemiologic survey on plague in an endemic zone: cumulative results: 1987-1990].

Plague is a bacterial disease, induced by Yersinia pestis growth in rodents, with human transmission by fleas. In numerous cases, lymph node reaction is important. This survey (329 patients and contacts) is the most extensive ever realised, associating plasmidic virulence and immunity studies. From the results, we can retain that: All the strains were 47 Plasmid+. The immunity was precocious, specific, of high titer and persistent. In conclusion, in plaque endemic zone, high bacillus circulation induced a high and perhaps (to prove) protective immunity.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1990

[Malaria vectors and their role in transmission, in Manarintsoa in the Highland Plateaux of Madagascar from 1988 to 1990].

To evaluate the factors determining malaria transmission level, entomological and parasitological surveys were conducted from October 1988 to February 1990 in MANARINTSOA, in the central highland plateaux of MADAGASCAR. Mosquitoes were collected during 928 man-nights of captures, in pit shelters and in indoors resting sites. The malaria vectors were An. arabiensis and An. funestus, with no evidence of the presence of An. gambiae s.s. The vectors were mainly exophilic and zoophilic. The index of stability was below 1.5. The sporozoite rate was 0.11 for An. gambiae s.l. and 0.47 for An. funestus. The transmission level was low: the inoculation rate was 0.91 infected bite per man and per year and the infection risk 0.62. Transmission occurs 7 months per year, from November to May. In the human population parasite rates fluctuated from 29% in October to 53% in May.

Altitude↗
PubMed1990

[Antibiotic resistance of strains of Shigella dysenteriae and flexneri isolated in Tananarive and on the east coast of Madagascar].

From November 1988 to March 1989, stools from 804 Malagasy children were examined, thirty-seven strains of Shigella were isolated, from which 5 S. dysenteriae serotype 1 (= Shiga bacillus) strains were found to be resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulphonamide and even to trimethoprim. Resistance to trimethoprim has appeared only recently in Madagascar.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Newly transmitted Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the central highland plateaux of Madagascar: assessment of clinical impact in a rural community.

Plasmodium falciparum has recently reappeared in the central highland plateaux of Madagascar. To define its role in the overall malaria pathology occurring during the rainy season, we conducted a clinical and parasitological study among the 2776 consultants of a malaria field health centre which we established in the middle of the transmission area. From January to June 1988 the overall parasite rate was 63.2% and did not vary with age; the overall splenic rate was 46.9%, decreasing in individuals over 15 years of age. After the beginning of the main transmission season, an increase in parasite rates and parasite densities was observed, while febrile illnesses associated with malaria parasitaemia decreased. During the second part of the rainy season the parasite densities started to decrease, while parasite rates and malaria-associated fevers remained at the same level. The frequency of fevers was not related to the malaria parasite density owing to individual and seasonal variations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Ecological factors in the renewed outbreak of malaria in Madagascar].

The new epidemic of malaria which spread on the Madagascar high plateau in 1986-1987 is due to the combination of several factors (some of which are analysed by the authors, especially those related to anopheles, parasite and man). The authors compare the situations on the high Plateau and on St Mary Island, on the East Madagascar Coast, where the malaria is stable. Concerning the vector, the most interesting fact is the come-back of Anopheles funestus on the high Plateau from which it had disappeared at the beginning of the fifties. In this area, An.arabiensis seems to be the only representative of the gambiae complex whereas it is An. gambiae s.s. in St Mary Island. The parasite is getting more and more resistant to chloroquine. Nevertheless, man seems to develop protection, but it is difficult to analyse the markers which would prove the protection. However, that protection was assessed, on the humoral and cellular level, against the peptides of the RESA (Ring Infected Erythrocytes Surface Antigen), the circumsporozoite protein and the antigen E.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Serological surveillance of West Nile virus infection in a village of the Central Highlands in Madagascar].

A serological survey on the frequency of West Nile virus antibodies has been carried out in a village near Antananarivo. IgG antibodies were searched for by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on 460 sera collected in December 1988 and on 494 sera collected in July 1989. The prevalence of West Nile virus antibodies varied from 13.4% to 21.8% between the beginning and the end of the rainy season. Seroconversion was observed in 14.7% of 354 paired serum samples collected in December and July which had been negative in December. The distribution of seropositive samples in the hamlets, and their frequency in relation to the presence of domesticated animals were analysed. Results show that West Nile virus circulates in the human population of the central highlands of Madagascar, which might account for the pseudo-influenza pathology observed in the region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Plasmodia of lemurs in Madagascar].

Lemur macaco macaco from Ambanja region was found polyparasitized by four different species of Plasmodium: --Plasmodium coulangesi recently described by lepers et al. (1989). --P. bucki n. sp.: its main differential characterisitics are the large numvber (32) of merozoites produced in mature schizonts and the stippling, resembling Maurer's dots, in an hypertrophied pinkish erythrocyte. --P. percygarnhami n. sp. (= P. girardi sensu Uilenberg, 1970 pro parte and sensu Garnham et Uilenberg, 1975 pro parte) producing 20 merozoites in mature schizonts and developing inside a deformed corpuscle (holly leaf-shaped or sometimes sea-urchin-shaped) which may also become decolourized when parasitized by older stages. --(?) Plasmodium lemuris: gametocytes are very large (11 microns x 7 micron); the parasitized erythrocyte is much hypertrophied (+/- 10 microns), distored and of a pinkish colour; one schizont only, possibly exo-erythrocytic, was found. The authors hypothesized this parasite to be a Haemoproteid. The analysis of published data led the authors to make the following modifications to the nomenclature previously established: --Plasmodium girardi Buck et al., 1952, sensu Garnham, 1966, sensu Uilenberg, 1970 parte and sensu Garnham and Uilenberg, 1975 pro parte, is refered to as Plasmodium sp., for stages developing in the blood of Lemur fulvus fulvus. The taxon P. percygarnhami is to be employed for stages developing in L. m. macaco and P. girardi Buck et al., 1952 for those developing in Lemur fulvus rufus. --Plasmodium foleyi Buck et al., 1952, sensu Garnham and Uilenberg, 1975 in L. f. fulvus is named Plasmodium uilenbergi n. sp., P. folleyi being a parasite of L.f. rufus. Excluding P. lemuris which probably does not belong to the genus Plasmodium, the morphological analysis led to individualize 7 species, in the three species of Lemurs studied. A phenomenon of "vicariance" thus appears, similar to what is known for the african Rodent Plasmodia, but with a more pronounced speciation. The vicariant species form a pair constituted of: --on the one hand a small species developing in a red blood cell of normal size, P. girardi in L.f. rufus, P. sp. in L.f. fulvus, P. percygarnhami, with also, P. coulangesi, in L. m. macaco; --on the other hand a large species determining an hypertrophy of the erythrocyte, P. foleyi in L.f. rufus, P. uilenbergi in L.f. fulvus and P. bucki in L.m. macaco.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Evolution of the levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors during Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria.

Increased levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors (IL-2R) in serum were observed in both Plasmodium falciparum- and P. vivax-infected individuals compared with nonparasitemic subjects. Clinical symptoms of P. falciparum malaria were associated with higher levels of soluble IL-2R. Temporal evolution in serum of IL-2R during the course of a malaria attack mimicked the kinetics of soluble IL-2R under experimental conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of 30-year-activity of the Virology Laboratory of the Pasteur Institute in Madagascar (1958-1987)].

The authors studied the different activities of Pasteur Institute virology laboratory since it was created. In general virology laboratory, 1.685 viral strains were isolated from 9.533 studied samples (17.6% of positivity). Enterovirus represented 90% of the viral strains. From 2.417 taking of rhino-pharynx, 133 myxovirus were isolated: A/H3N2 represented 76% of them. 10.776 patients, from 36.169 antirabic department consultants, were vaccinated and 600 had an antirabic serotherapy. 2.828 suspect samples were analysed for the rabies diagnostic: 1.438 were positive (51%). The Institute produced 3.410 liters of Fermi human vaccine type.

Enterovirus↗
PubMed1989

[Transmission cycles of the West-Nile virus in Madagascar, Indian Ocean].

Virological, serological and entomological research conducted in Madagascar since 1975, reveal the wide-spread presence of West-Nile virus on the island. This arbovirus has been isolated from humans, parrots and egrets. Vectors belong to the genus Culex (e.g. Cx. decens, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. antennatus, Cx. univittatus), however the virus has also been isolated from Aedes and Anopheles. Serological tests carried out on over 1,600 human and almost 1,000 animal sera, revealed that human beings could be infected throughout the island. Other potential vertebrate hosts, apart from birds, are oxen and bats. Insectivores, rodents and lemurs are probably involved in the transmission cycles only to a very small extent.

Animals↗