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Biomedical subjects

P Coulanges

Publications and source records attributed to P Coulanges.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of a 3-day oral regimen of a quinine-quinidine-cinchonine association (Quinimax) for treatment of falciparum malaria in Madagascar.

In the search for an effective, safe and field-adapted alternative to chloroquine for therapy of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum infections in Africa, a 3-d oral regimen of Quinimax (an association of quinine, quinidine and cinchonine) was evaluated in 35 individuals with P. falciparum in Madagascar, an area with chloroquine resistance. 63% of the parasite strains isolated were resistant in vitro to chloroquine, and 59% of the infections were present despite previous chloroquine intake. Three daily oral doses of 10 mg/kg Quinimax for 3 d cleared parasitaemia and improved clinical status in all subjects. Mean parasite and fever clearance times were 51.7 and 37.4 h, respectively. All patients were aparasitaemic at the end of the 7-d follow-up. When formulating therapy guidelines, the 3-d Quinimax regimen should be considered as a valuable alternative to chloroquine for treating falciparum malaria in African areas with clinical resistance to chloroquine.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antibodies to haemorrhagic fever viruses in Madagascar populations.

Sera of 381 adult people from 5 areas in Madagascar were tested by the indirect immunofluorescence method for antibodies against Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever and Rift Valley fever viruses (Bunyaviridae), Ebola (strains Zaire and Sudan) and Marburg viruses (Filoviridae), and Lassa virus (Arenaviridae). The highest prevalence rate was that of Ebola virus (4.5%). As no haemorrhagic syndrome has been found associated with this virus, the possible presence of a less pathogenic, antigenically related, strain is discussed. The prevalences of Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever and Rift Valley viruses were very low, despite previous viral isolations from potential vectors. No serum reacted against Lassa or Marburg antigens. The results are analysed in the light of the geographical and bioecological characteristics of Madagascar, which is a true 'microcontinent' very different from the African mainland.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antigenic variations in West Nile virus strains isolated in Madagascar since 1978.

The antigenic interrelationship between 52 Madagascan West Nile isolates and two prototype viruses (Eg101 and G2266) was assessed by an immunofluorescent technique using monoclonal antibodies. This analysis enabled us to define 5 groups of variants, 4 of which were closer to the Egyptian strain (Eg101) than to the Indian prototype (G2266). Groups II and V were dominant whereas strains of groups I and IV were less numerous. One strain belonging to group III was antigenically similar to the Indian strain. Antigenic variations were observed among viruses isolated from man, birds and different mosquito genera. Geographic variations were also observed. Exchanges exist between Madagascar and the African continent by means of migratory birds which seem to be instrumental in disseminating the virus and introducing the antigenic variants.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rift Valley fever on the east coast of Madagascar.

In March 1990, a Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) outbreak was suspected in the district of Fenerive on the east coast of Madagascar after an abnormally high incidence of abortions and disease in livestock. Sera from humans and cattle were tested for RVFV antibodies by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and ELISA-IgM capture. Sera and mosquitoes collected in the same area were tested for virus isolation by tissue culture and suckling mouse intracerebral inoculation, and for antigen detection by an ELISA antigen capture assay. Among cattle from the area, RVFV antibody prevalence was 58.6% by IFA and 29.6% by ELISA-IgM. In contrast, human populations in the same area had a lower RVFV antibody prevalence, with 8.01% IFA and 5.4% IgM-positive sera. No RVFV antigen was detected and virus isolation was unsuccessful from the sera and mosquito pools tested. Different hypotheses concerning the emergence and diffusion of RVFV in this area and the occurrence of the outbreak are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the work conducted by the Madagascar Pasteur Institute in the study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity in that country].

Since late 1985, the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar has studied the problem of the distribution of HIV in the island. With the approval and cooperation of the Malagasy Ministry of Health, a number of different surveys have been undertaken, particularly of those sections of the population diagnosed as being of "high-risk". In 1987, a Malagasy prostitute from the country's second largest port was identified as seropositive. One case of clinical AIDS was diagnosed in 1988 in a Franco-Malagasy subject living in NOSY BE. Systematic tests for seropositivity among women with multiple partners in nine "high-risk" areas of the country are applied. The aim of this survey during 1988 is to make such groups aware of the vital necessity of overcoming the problem by preventing its growth by taking appropriate measures. The IPM has obtained government approval and has established the facilities to confirm findings of seropositivity among the population of Madagascar.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗