Simultaneous occurrence of functional asplenia and splenic accumulation of diphosphonate in metastatic breast carcinoma.
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Breast Neoplasms↗
Biomedical subjects
P Costello
Publications and source records attributed to P Costello.
Purine nucleosides and nucleotides stimulate proliferation of a wide range of cell types.
Presumptive astrocytes isolated from 10-day white Leghorn chick embryos, Factor VIII-positive human brain capillary endothelial cells, meningeal fibroblasts from 10-day chick embryos, Swiss mouse 3T3 cells, and human astrocytoma cell lines, SKMG-1 and U373, were rendered quiescent when placed in culture medium that contained 0 or 0.2% serum for 48 h; their proliferation was markedly reduced and they incorporated [3H]thymidine at a low rate. [3H]Thymidine incorporation and cell proliferation were induced in all types of cells by addition of guanosine, GMP, GDP, GTP, and to a lesser extent, adenosine, AMP, ADP or ATP to the culture medium. The stimulation of proliferation by adenosine and guanosine was abolished by 1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine (DPMX), an adenosine A2 receptor antagonist, but not by 1,3-dipropyl-8-(2-amino-4-chorophenyl)xanthine (PACPX), an A1 antagonist. Stimulation of proliferation by the nucleotides was not abolished by either DPMX or PACPX. The P2 receptor agonists, alpha, beta-methyleneATP and 2-methylthioATP, also stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into the cells with peak activity at approximately 3.5 and 0.03 nM, respectively. These data imply that adenosine and guanosine stimulate proliferation of these cell types through activation of an adenosine A2 receptor, and the stimulation of cell proliferation by the nucleotides may be due to the activation of purinergic P2y receptors. As the primary cultures grew older their growth rate slowed. The capacity of the purine nucleosides and nucleotides to stimulate their growth diminished concomitantly. The 3T3 cells showed neither decreased growth with increased passages nor reduced response to the purines. In contrast, although the doubling time of the immortalized human astrocytoma cell lines SKMG-1 and U373 remained constant, the responsiveness to purinergic stimulation of the U373 cells decreased but that of the SKMG-1 did not. These data are compatible with a decrease in the number, or the ligand-binding affinity of the purinergic receptors, or a decreased coupling of purinergic receptors to intracellular mediators in primary cells aged in tissue culture.
Adenine Nucleotides↗
Case report: legionella infected thoracic aortic graft.
A case of a thoracic aortic graft in a patient with Marfan's syndrome infected with legionella is presented. The pathogenesis of graft infection and aspects of examination with aortography, gallium scanning, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and spiral volumetric computed tomography (CT) are presented, and the pathophysiology and management of thoracic aortic graft infections is briefly discussed.
Aortic Dissection↗
Comparison of spiral CT and conventional CT in 3D visualization of facial trauma: work in progress.
Spiral computed tomography (SCT) differs from conventional CT (CCT) in that regions of the body can be rapidly imaged via continuous scanning. This is accompanied by simultaneous advancement of the patient, thus allowing volumetric data acquisition of up to 60 cm in less than a minute. Thus motion is minimized and slice misregistration is minimized when multiplanar and three dimensional reconstructions are performed. This paper compares the utility of SCT and CCT in facial trauma. A total of six patients were studied with either CCT or SCT of the face after trauma. SCT scans were obtained using a Siemens Somatom Plus-S CT scanner (2 mm thick collimation and 3 mm/sec table feed for 32 s). Three-dimensional (3D) and multiplanar reconstruction images of the facial bones were generated after appropriate thresholds were selected by the radiologist; similar images generated with a CCT (GE quick 9800) were compared using a three point scale with kappa analysis. SCT is able to generate axial and reformatted images of comparable quality to CCT (k = 0.47-0.89) in less than half the time to perform an examination (26 min vs 63 min). SCT can rapidly produce (3D) and multiplanar reformatted images of facial trauma with minimal motion, or misregistration artifact when compared to CCT.
Adult↗
Biliary tree necrosis in transplanted liver detected by spiral CT with three-dimensional reconstruction.
We present a case where spiral computed tomography (CT) with three dimensional reconstruction was able to generate cholangiographic images demonstrating biliary tree necrosis in a transplanted liver. Volumetric CT as a one step diagnostic solution to establish a diagnosis in patients after liver transplantation can expedite appropriate therapy and reduce the number of invasive studies. By the integration of volumetric CT techniques and rapid three-dimensional display of biliary structures, volumetric cholangiography may become practical. Though spatial resolution may prove to be a limiting factor in replacing cholangiography for subtle mural disease, volumetric CT can yield clinically useful information.
Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic↗
CT findings in pleural aspergillosis.
Two patients who underwent pulmonary resections for lung cancer developed delayed pleural abnormalities. In each instance CT confirmed the presence of pleural thickening, nodularity, and intrapleural masses proven to represent intrapleural aspergillomas.
Aspergillosis↗
Spiral CT evaluation of coronary artery bypass graft patency.
Spiral CT (SCT) differs from conventional CT in that the entire heart can be rapidly imaged in the axial plane following the peripheral infusion of small quantities of contrast material. As contrast material travels through coronary artery bypass graft segments, good image detail is achieved, allowing visualization of entire coronary artery graft segments during a single injection. The patency of 43 coronary artery bypass grafts in 14 patients on contrast enhanced SCT, with timing tailored to patient-specific transit times, was compared with that obtained by selective graft angiography. With use of 5 or 8 mm/s table feed and 24 s volumetric acquisitions, SCT established graft patency with 85.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity compared to angiographic examination (96.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity). The mean time between angiography and SCT was 2.1 days, with 86% of SCT studies done within 24 h after angiography. The utilization of dynamic scanning to establish the patient-specific time delay prior to initiation of SCT proved crucial in improving the quality and reliability of SCT bypass graft patency assessment. The paired McNemar test indicates no significant difference between angiography and SCT in establishing patency rates.
Aged↗
3D image reconstruction of right subclavian artery aneurysms.
OBJECTIVE: Three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction methods allied to spiral CT (SCT) or MR angiography (MRA) are used in clarifying the anatomy of complex aortic anatomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two patients with superior mediastinal masses suggestive of aneurysms of the anomalous right subclavian artery were examined. Both patients were examined using breath-hold SCT and one by breath-hold MRA. Three-dimensional images were reconstructed using a surface rendering technique for the SCT examinations and by a maximum intensity projection technique for MRA. RESULTS: Two cases of aneurysmal anomalous right subclavian artery were diagnosed by SCT with 3D image reconstruction. One case was also examined by MRA with 3D image reconstruction which confirmed the findings of SCT. The use of the 3D techniques clarified the complicated anatomy and avoided the need for angiography. CONCLUSION: Two cases are illustrated of 3D imaging of complicated aortic branch anatomy due to aneurysms of anomalous right subclavian artery. Image quality was good and no further imaging by more invasive techniques was required.
Aged↗
Acute HIV polymyositis with complicating myoglobinuric renal failure: CT appearance.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Carotid bifurcation CT angiography: assessment of interactive volume rendering.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of CT angiography (CTA) for the assessment of carotid bifurcation stenosis, using interactive volume rendering (VR), maximum intensity projection (MIP), and 2D transverse CT technique (t-CT). METHOD: Nineteen consecutive patients were prospectively studied with CTA and selective digital subtraction angiography (DSA). There were 13 men and 6 women from 51 to 84 years old (mean 70 years). Results of DSA were compared with those of interactive VR, MIP, and conventional t-CT results, using North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial criteria for stenosis grading. RESULTS: There were a total of 38 carotid bifurcations studied, with 9 mild, 10 moderate, and 15 severe stenoses and 4 occlusions. Overall agreement with DSA for VR was achieved in 76%. Eighty percent of the severe stenoses were correctly predicted by VR. The overall agreement between t-CT and DSA was 89%. MIP images, when analyzed independently, showed an overall agreement with angiography of only 71%. VR was not significantly different from MIP (p = 0.60). The difference between VR and t-CT had borderline significance (p = 0.09). MIP had significantly poorer agreement with angiography than t-CT (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: CTA has a high degree of accuracy for the assessment of carotid artery disease compared with catheter angiography. Interactive VR increases the accuracy of diagnosing carotid stenosis and decreases the number of unsatisfactory studies as compared with MIP. Further advances in computation speeds and improvements in software may dramatically alter the future use of VR for the communication of results to clinicians; however, careful analysis of transverse sections is essential to accurate CT interpretation.
Aged↗