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Biomedical subjects

P Charpentier

Publications and source records attributed to P Charpentier.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Evaluation of transcutaneous electrostimulation in the management of post-tonsillectomy pain in adults].

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), has been known for many years, especially in neurosurgery for the treatment of chronic pain syndromes. The authors report the results of the use of this technique in 45 adults feeling acute pain after tonsillectomy. Spontaneous pain and odynophagia were both studied. TENS was effective in 40 out of 45 patients, with full control or significant decrease of the pain. This harmless treatment appears to be attractive and needs larger studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Gender differences in patterns of HPA axis response to challenge: Macarthur studies of successful aging.

Previous research has suggested that women may have greater and more prolonged hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to challenge at older ages. Data on patterns of ACTH and cortisol responses to a "naturalistic" driving simulation challenge were examined to test the hypothesis that older women (aged 70-79 years) would show greater response than a comparable group of older men. Analyses of mean ACTH or cortisol responses in terms of maximal increase, area under the curve and repeated measures ANOVA did not reveal significant gender differences. By contrast, analyses of the joint occurrence of ACTH and cortisol responses above the respective sample medians indicated that women were significantly more likely to respond to the challenge with elevated ACTH and cortisol responses. The lack of significant gender difference in the analyses of mean scores resulted from the sensitivity of this measure of typically (or average response) to outliers in the data, thereby substantially distorting the report of typical (or average) responses for the male population. Analyses of the temporal patterns of ACTH and cortisol response in terms of the stability of the subject's relative rank at each sampling time indicated that: (1) there was considerable stability of rankings based on the initial cortisol response (though not ACTH) through the recovery period; and (2) women exhibited greater instability than men, being more likely to exhibit shifts in rank from high to low over time. These findings suggest that: (1) as a group, older women are more likely to show larger responses than comparably healthy older men to a "naturalistic" driving simulation challenge; (2) there is considerable stability in patterns of cortisol response from initial response at 20 min through the recovery period, indicating that those showing greater initial response continue to experience higher levels of cortisol during the post-challenge recovery period; and (3) instability is more common among women than men.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1995

[Surgical anatomy of the parathyroid glands. Apropos of 200 cases. Practical implications].

An operative procedure aimed at decreasing the risk of post-surgery hypothyroidism was proposed on the basis of parathyroid gland surgical anatomy described from a retrospective study of 200 thyroidectomies performed by the same operator It is almost always possible to visualize 1 or parathyroids during thyroid procedures. This fact makes it possible to reduce the rate of definitive hypoparathyroidism to less than 5% in surgery for invasive cancer of the thyroid and to 1% for non-invasive cancers requiring total thyroidectomy and uni or bilateral mediastinorecurrent curettage.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

[Contribution of cartilage grafts to lateral reinforcement of the nose].

Cartilage grafts were used for lateral reinforcement of the nasal pyramid in a series of 67 patients undergoing surgery for nasal deviation. Septal cartilage, used for all grafts, is a well vitalized, highly flexible tissue allowing remodelling to the desired form. Lateral wall reinforcement with cartilage grafts plays an important role in surgical cure of deviated noses. In our series of 67 patients, this procedure was used in 61. Results were good in 83%.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Removal and replacement of the septal cartilage in noses with traumatic injuries, causing deviation. Technique--results].

The nasal septum in 44 patients with deviated noses due to trauma and complex lesions of the septal cartilage leading to bilateral or unilateral nasal obstruction underwent removal then reinstallation of the nasal cartilage. The results of the surgical technique were evaluated according to the access route, external or endonasal, and demonstrated the advantages and disadvantages of this technique which is a crucial step in the treatment of severe traumatic lesions of the nasal septum.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Hemorrhagic complications of lower turbinectomy].

Concerning 52 inferior turbinectomies, the authors analyse the haemorrhagic complications of these surgical operations. They deplore 4% of serious haemorrhages. These ones may immediately occur during the surgical operation or in the next 15 days. No technique can prevent an haemorrhage. So that the patient must be notified of the risks he runs and the indications have to be seriously discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The mortality of US nuclear submariners, 1969-1982.

A mortality study of 76,160 men who served on US nuclear submarines is reported. Indirect standardization was used to compare mortality rates to those of the US male population. Multiplicative models were developed to explore patterns of mortality within the cohort. Mortality rates for leukemia, acute myocardial infarction, and for motor vehicle accidents were equivalent to those of US males; rates for other causes were lower, generally consistent with the "healthy worker effect." Motor vehicle accident mortality dropped during the study period, perhaps reflecting efforts to control the problem. Suicide rates were depressed during the period of active duty. There was a suggestion that cancer mortality was associated with submarine type; however, the age distribution casts doubt that the excess was occupationally induced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Regression of primary melanoma with metastases.

Seven cases of spontaneous and complete regression of primary melanoma with metastasis are reported. The ages of the patients ranged from 33 to 68 years. There were five men and two women. All patients had had a cutaneous pigmented lesion that underwent a two-stage course: enlargement and darkening, then flattening and depigmentation. Within a few months to 4 years after depigmentation, regional node(s) developed and were removed, confirming the diagnosis of melanoma. An histopathologic examination of the primary sites failed to show residual malignant cells and characteristic features. Primary melanomas that have completely regressed are easily overlooked.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Ovarian dysgerminoma metastatic to the breast.

A 16-year-old girl underwent a right salpingo-oophorectomy for a pure dysgerminoma limited to the right ovary. One month later, she developed a right pelvic mass along with abdominal lymphadenopathies, peritoneal carcinomatosis, left breast mass, and left axillary node. Cytology of the breast mass was suggestive of a pure dysgerminoma. Breast metastases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma are uncommon. In the literature, this is the first case of a breast metastasis of an ovarian dysgerminoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Nucleolar organizer regions in ovarian tumors: discrimination between carcinoma and borderline tumor.

Nonhistone nucleoproteins associated with the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) can be visualized by a silver-staining technique on paraffin-embedded tissues. The number of black dots (Ag NORs) appearing on the nuclei are thought to reflect cell differentiation of certain tumors and can be used as an adjunct in predicting their evolution. We applied this method to determine if Ag NORs counts could be used as a diagnostic aid in borderline tumors of the ovary. Thirty-two cases of adenocarcinomas, 25 cases of borderline tumors, and 14 cases of adenomas were selected from Bouin-fixed archival material after histological examination. Both mean values of Ag NORs counts demonstrated a progressive increase from adenomas to borderline tumors and to carcinomas; the differences were statistically significant. Using discriminant analysis, all cases of benign and malignant tumors except one adenoma and one carcinoma were discriminated as belonging to an individualized group. No difference was found between borderline tumor with peritoneal implants and those without peritoneal implants. The results indicate that the Ag NORs counting procedure may be useful in distinguishing borderline tumors from carcinomas and adenomas. Ag NORs counts cannot, however, predict the clinical behavior of borderline tumors of the ovary.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[Lymph node metastasis of melanoma of unknown primary tumor].

Sixteen patients with clinical stage II melanoma of unknown primary site (regional lymph node metastasis) were followed up between 1978 and 1988. The 5-year survival rate was 47%. These results seem to parallel those for stage II disease with known primary tumor sites, as has been observed in other data from the literature. The hypotheses put forward to explain such lesions are the spontaneous regression of the primary tumor, and the onset of primary malignant melanoma in the lymph nodes.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Clinicopathologic study of 18 cases.

The clinical and pathologic features of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin in 18 elderly patients are reported. The carcinomas arose in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues, particularly on the head and the upper extremities. One tumor occurred in an irradiated area. Using Gould's clinicopathologic classification, we have found four trabecular types, eleven intermediate cell types, and two small cell types. One tumor could not be classified. Other noteworthy pathologic features were association with invasive squamous cell carcinoma, lentiginous melanocytic hyperplasia, and presence of intratumoral melanocytes. Immunoreactivity for cytokeratins (56 kD), neurofilaments, neuron-specific enolase, and epithelial membrane antigen was observed. The paranuclear globular staining pattern of cytokeratins and neurofilaments was conspicuous. The ultrastructural features revealed paranuclear intermediate filament aggregates (fibrous bodies), neurosecretory granules, and cell junctions. In two metastatic tumors, high levels of catecholamines were found. The trabecular types were characterized by localized disease and a good prognosis. The patients with the small cell types died of distant metastases. Postoperative radiotherapy seemed to reduce the rate of local recurrences.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Peak oxygen uptake and maximal power output of Olympic wheelchair-dependent athletes.

To extend the existing data base on the cardiovascular capacity of wheelchair-dependent athletes, a maximum wheelchair exercise test was conducted by 48 athletes (8 females and 40 males) on a motor driven treadmill. Athletes were selected on availability from the representatives of eight different disciplines. For 36 subjects maximal external power was calculated on the basis of a separate drag test. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) for the male population was 2.23 l.min-1 (32.9 ml.kg-1.min-1). Subjects were divided into functional categories according to the International Stoke Mandeville Classification, with one nonambulatory, nonparaplegic group classified as "LA." The LA group displayed the highest values while the class IC tetraplegic showed the lowest performance level. Classified over sports disciplines, male track and field representatives showed the highest VO2max (2.86 l.min-1, 44.9 ml.kg-1.min-1) and target shooting athletes the lowest (1.32 l.min-1, 16.3 ml.kg-2.min-1). Maximal power output was on average 81.1 W for the male population and varied from 65.8 W for class II athletes to 92.2 W for class LA. Between sports values ranged from 96.8 W for basketball players to 48.2 W for the archery representative. These data are useful for setting standards for maximally attainable performance levels in relation to sport, functional classification, or sex and underline the capability of the wheelchair-dependent to improve cardiovascular fitness.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Unusual cause of ascites: the POEMS syndrome].

A 39-year-old woman presented with polyneuropathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein and skin changes, several of the many clinical features of the recently described POEMS syndrome. In addition, she had a Castleman's disease (angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia). In this case ascites was a main presenting feature. Thus, the POEMS syndrome must be added to the list of rare causes of ascites. Electron microscopy of the liver showed perisinusoidal fibrosis.

Adult↗