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Biomedical subjects

P Castaigne

Publications and source records attributed to P Castaigne.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Sleep respiratory arrhythmias in control subjects, narcoleptics and non-cataplectic hypersomniacs.

Normal subjects may present central-type apneas or periodic respiration during sleep (stages I and II and paradoxical sleep). The importance of these respiratory disorders increases with age. Hypersomniac patients can manifest either similar or more significant sleep respiratory disorders than normal subjects. The presence of cataplexy or obesity does not permit the prediction of the existence of respiratory arrhythmias or of their type. Sleep respiratory arrhythmias of central type are not likely to cause hypersomnia; however, an aggravating role may be played by obstructive apneas.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Change in recurrent inhibition when standing in normal subjects and spastics (author's transl)].

In normal subjects and patients with diseases of the upper motor neurone, recurrent inhibition directed to soleus motoneurones was studied in three different postures: sitting (control situation), standing when leaning backward on a wall, standing independently without the support of a wall. In normal subjects, this recurrent inhibition was not modified when standing with the support of a wall, while it was enhanced when standing without such a support.

H-Reflex↗
PubMed1978

[Epidemiology of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the Paris area].

The area studied includes the city of Paris and the neighboring departments of Val-d'Oise, Seine-Saint-Denis, Hauts-de-Seine, Yvelines, Essonne, Val-de-Marne, and Seine-et-Marne. Case finding methods and diagnostic criteria are defined. The temporal and spatial distribution of cases is described, and the absence of case clustering is noted. Incidence per million people (per year) was found to be 1,09 in the city, 0,55 in the adjacent departments, and 0,25 in the peripheral departments. These results are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

[Peripheral and central factors controlling reciprocal Ia inhibition in man].

Variations of the soleus H reflex were studied during voluntary contractions of the tibialis anterior in man. At the onset of contraction there was a weak inhibition of the soleus H-reflex which was not related to the force of the tibialis anterior contraction. 110 msec after the onset of the EMG activity the inhibition became secondarily more marked and was then related to the force of the contraction. This secondary potentation of the H-reflex inhibition is brought about by group I fibres activity, since it was markedly reduced during ischemia of the leg. It is concluded that the early inhibition is only due to suprasegmental activity whereas during the secondary part of the inhibition, there is a supplementary inhibitory action likely brought about by Ia fibres tibialis anterior. The secondary potentiation of the inhibition is therefore likely to be produced via the gamma loop.

Central Nervous System↗
PubMed1978

[Tomographic study in humans of blood flow and oxygen consumption of the brain by continuous inhalation of oxygen 15. Preliminary findings in cerebral ischemic accidents].

Transverse axial tomographic imaging of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF) were obtained in 13 patients hospitalizedfor ischemic strokes (eleven middle cerebral artery territory infarcts, one capsular or pontine lacune, one transient hemispheric attack) by continuous inhalation of 15O2 and C15O2 to equilibrium and exclusive detection of the gamma rays emitted in coincidence by means of a tomograph for positron emitting agents. In the transient ischemic attack and in the case of lacune the rCBF and the rOEF images were found to be normal, and they were abnormal in all cases of middle cerebral artery territory infarcts. In recent infarcts, rOEF was always strikingly decreased in the clinically suspected area, whilst the rCBF was either decreased, normal or increased. In infarcts older than 30 days rCBF was always clearly decreased over the clinically suspected area whilst rOEF was in most cases normal or only slightly decreased. These results are briefly discussed. Some practical and theoretical limitations of this method are mentioned. The potential of the present technique appears great however, since it is possible to simultaneously visualize in tomographic fashion the blood flow and the oxygen metabolism in areas of the brain that are of small volume, and however deep they are. A quantification of these parameters is presently under investigation, as well as the verification of the theoretical model on which such method is based. The non-invasiveness of the present method, the feasibility of repeating it at regular intervals of time, and the possibility of measuring the immediate effects of a given therapeutic mode on the regional metabolism of brain all constitute further advantages whose action apply preeminently in the field of the cerebral ischemic diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Frequency and symptomatology of disorders of micturition during cerebrovascular accidents. Interest of complementary examinations (author's transl)].

A total of 228 patients with cerebrovascular accidents have been studied since 1975. Micturition disorders were present in 124 cases (54 p. 100), including total incontinence in 45 p. 100, imperative micturition in 37 p. 100, and complete retention in 18 p. 100 of the patients. They are associated in a significant manner with severe psycho-intellectual disorders, an extensive hemiplegia, bilateral pyramidal signs, and ruological abnormalities. Useful complementary examinations and some therapeutic modalities are briefly reviewed.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1977

[Study of the relation between disorders of nocturnal respiratory rhythm and hypersomnia].

Sleep and respiration were recorded during two consecutive nights in 15 normal subjects, 18 patients suffering from narcolepsy and 9 with non-cataplectic hypersomnia. The normal subjects showed episodes of central apnea, the degree of which increased with age and periodic respiration. In both categories of hypersomniacs, the patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of disturbances in nocturnal respiratory rhythm:--group 1: identical to the normal subjects,--group 2: moderate qualitative or quantitative abnormalities,--group 3: presence of a large number of episodes of obstructive apnea. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that disturbances in nocturnal respiratory rhythm are not specific for any particular type of hypersomnia, nor were they the main cause of hypersomnia when present to a large extent, but that obstructive apnea could be an aggravating factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Eaton-Lambert myasthenic syndrome: clinical, electrophysiologic, histological and ultrastructural study].

In this case, showing the classical features of the Eaton-Lambert myasthenic syndrome, the neuromuscular symptoms appeared 21 months before the bronchial carcinoma was diagnosed. The electrophysiological study demonstrated, beside the marked potentiation under repetitive nerve stimulation at 30 c/sec., some modifications of distal latency, specially after administration of Edrophonium chloride. The muscle biopsy showed changes secondary to a peripheral motor nerve involvement; electronmicroscopic study of the motor end-plates revealed a highly developped subneural apparatus. Long-run treatment by guanidine hydrochloride determined haematologic and renal toxic manifestations. Prednisolone was for a time active on the myasthenic syndrome.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1976

[Suppression of paradoxal sleep by clonidine in man].

The administration of clonidine (300 mug) suppresses REM sleep or strikingly diminishes its duration in Man. The statistical difference with placebo given in a double blind trial is highly significant. This suppression of REM sleep may depend on the stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Human sleep and 5-HTP. Effects of repeated high doses and of association with benserazide (RO.04.4602).

On account of the conflicting data concerning the action of 5-HTP on human sleep, repeated high doses were administered to three healthy subjects. The paradoxical sleep time and percentage tend to show a decrease during the 2nd week of treatment, followed by a rebound effect after the end of the treatment. In two subjects who initially had a small amount of slow wave sleep (SWS), the treatment induced an increase in SWS that persisted after the end of the treatment. Similar results were obtained after administration of 5-HTP together with RO.04.4602.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗