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Biomedical subjects

P Burnard

Publications and source records attributed to P Burnard.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Education and research links between the UK and Thailand.

Understanding the cultural contexts of training nurses in different countries is an important element for all nurse educators. In understanding other cultures we may be better prepared to understand our own. This paper identifies some similarities and differences between nurse education in Thailand and the UK. A notable difference is that 'Thai culture' is taught in Thai educational programmes whereas equivalent programmes are perhaps missing from UK colleges of nursing. The paper closes by identifying an on-going research project into 'academic levels in nursing' that has been developed between the Royal Thai Army Nursing College, Bangkok and the School of Nursing and Midwifery Studies, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed2000

Community mental health nurses in Wales: self-reported stressors and coping strategies.

There is evidence to suggest that community mental health nurses experience stress and burnout related to their work. Previous research has been limited by a number of methodological problems. One of the problems is that studies have tended to have small or unrepresentative samples, and many researchers have only examined mental health nurses as a subset within their research, which limits the generalizability of the findings. The All-Wales Community Mental Health Nurse (CMHN) Stress Study was set up in order to address this issue. The total population of CMHNs in Wales was surveyed (N = 614) and 301 (49%) responded. The questionnaire booklet contained a number of validated instruments to measure stress, burnout, and coping, together with a demographic questionnaire. The demographic questionnaire included three open ended-questions. These questions were asked in order in determine the CMHNs' own views of the sources of stress in the workplace, and to investigate which methods they use to cope. This paper reports the findings from the content analysis of the three questions. The results from the other measures are reported in the companion paper (Edwards et al. 2000). The most frequently cited stressors included perceived workload, excessive paperwork and administration, and a broad spectrum of client-related issues. Coping strategies that CMHNs reported using included peer support, a range of personal strategies such as relaxation, and belief in self and supervision. It appears from the findings that a range of factors such as organizational pressures and factors related to working with patients are important in determining stress levels, and that informal rather than formal support networks are the preferred methods of coping.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Stressors, moderators and stress outcomes: findings from the All-Wales Community Mental Health Nurse Study.

The All-Wales Community Mental Health Nurse Stress Study was the largest study undertaken in the UK to date to investigate stress, burnout and coping amongst the CMHN workforce. The aim of the study was to examine the variety, frequency and severity of stressors, to describe coping strategies used to reduce work-based stress, and to determine stress outcomes. Questionnaires were sent out to 614 CMHNs from ten NHS Trusts throughout Wales. The response rate was 49% (n = 301). The measures used included the Maslach Human Services Survey, the CPN Stress Questionnaire, the Psychnurse Methods of Coping Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the General Health Questionnaire GHQ-12. Community mental health nurses indicated that trying to maintain a good quality service in the midst of long waiting lists, poor resources, and having too many interruptions while trying to work in the office were particularly stressful items. The coping strategies that CMHNs utilized the most were having a stable home life and looking forward to going home at the end of the day, having outside interests and hobbies and talking to people that they got on well with. Forty per cent of CMHNs tended to view themselves negatively, feeling that others did not hold much respect for them. The GHQ-12 measure indicated that 35% of CMHNs had crossed a threshold of psychiatric caseness. Measured against a normative sample of mental health workers, 51% of CMHNs were experiencing high levels of long-term emotional exhaustion. Twenty-four per cent were suffering from high levels of depersonalization burnout and were not relating well to clients, whilst 14% were experiencing severe long-term feelings of lack of personal accomplishment. The results from the study provided us with a picture of stress and coping in CMHNs in Wales. Addressing these factors may help to reduce levels of experienced stress and burnout.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Nursing, politics and policy: a response to Clifford.

Political decisions and social policy initiatives have an impact on the practice of nursing and on the provision of health care. In this paper, we develop the argument that nurses, therefore, need to have political awareness. Developing a critical approach to politics and policy in nursing includes, first, developing an awareness of the range of structural and ideological factors underpinning the emergence of policies. This, we argue, is an essential backdrop to the analysis of the impact on nursing and health care of specific policy initiatives. To illustrate this approach, we present a brief analysis of health policy under the last government, and consider how this came to impact on nursing. We then go on to outline health policy emerging under the present government, and consider how this reflects a commitment to 'third way' politics. Having considered the possible impact of new health policy on nursing, we suggest, finally, approaches to the teaching of politics and policy in nurse education programmes.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

Coping after heart transplantation: a descriptive study of heart transplant recipients' methods of coping.

The purpose of the study reported in this paper was to explore the coping strategies of heart transplant recipients. Using a qualitative research approach, interviews were conducted with 42 participants (35 men and seven women). Analysis of the data revealed eight coping strategies: acceptance/optimism, denial/avoidance, setting targets, comparing oneself with others, making attributions, seeking social support, having faith and changing priorities and perceptions. These are discussed in relation to the literature and a tentative model of coping after heart transplantation is offered. The findings may provide pointers to health professionals about ways in which they can improve support for heart transplant recipients and their families.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

A report of the development of a Chinese and British education initiative.

A significant event in the development of psychiatric and mental health nursing in China was conducted at An Ding Hospital, Beijing from May 5th to 9th 1999. The Peking Union Medical College, School of Nursing and An Ding Psychiatric Hospital hosted a series of workshops, conducted by Professor Philip Burnard (University of Wales), Dr David Arthur (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) and Madam Wang Zhiying (Director of the Nursing Department An Ding Hospital) for approximately 100 nurses from various regions of China.

China↗
PubMed1999

Job satisfaction amongst nurses in an interim secure forensic unit in Wales.

All grades of nursing staff in a recently established interim secure forensic unit completed the Index of Work Satisfaction (IWS; n = 40). High levels of job satisfaction were achieved on four of the IWS subscales: (i) professional status; (ii) interaction; (iii) doctor-nurse relationship; and (iv) autonomy. Moderate levels of satisfaction were found on two of the subscales, task requirements and administration, while the salary subscale was the major area of dissatisfaction across the group. The high level of overall satisfaction in this area of psychiatric nursing may be regarded as a significant achievement in the development of new clinical services in what is regarded as a stressful area of nursing. Measures of job satisfaction may be useful benchmarks for evaluating future changes and developments in the service and for monitoring and improving the clinical work environment.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1998

Personal qualities or skills? A report of a study of nursing students' views of the characteristics of counsellors.

The personal qualities associated with effective counselling have been discussed in the research and counselling literature. Counselling skills have been proposed as tools to be learned by student nurses. In this study of 162 students of nursing, respondents were asked to identify what they felt to be the important personal qualities of a counsellor. They were asked not to identify their own skills or qualifications. The findings were broadly in line with those of other studies in that students felt that qualities such as being non-judgemental, empathic and understanding were important. A notable finding was that 73% of respondents identified 'being a good listener' as a personal quality in contrast to the literature which usually describes listening as a skill. This paper describes the study, reports the findings, and offers a discussion of the question of the implications of identifying listening as a personal quality as well as--or instead of--a skill. The study has implications for the way in which counselling skills may be taught and how nurse educators might consider the qualities associated with counselling.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1997

Vesicle-Specific Noble Gas Analyses of "Popping Rock": Implications for Primordial Noble Gases in Earth

Gases trapped in individual vesicles in the volatile-rich basaltic glass "popping rock" were found to have the same carbon dioxide, helium-4, and argon-40 composition, but a variable 40Ar/36Ar ratio ( approximately 4000 to >/=40,000). The argon-36 is probably surface-adsorbed atmospheric argon; any mantle argon-36 trapped in the vesicles cannot be distinguished from an atmospheric contaminant. Consequently the 40Ar/36Ar ratios and 3He/36Ar ratios (1.45) determined are minimum estimates of the upper mantle composition. Heavy noble gas relative abundances in the mantle resemble solar noble gas abundance patterns, and a solar origin may be common to all primordial mantle noble gases.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Where do I begin? Writing for publication.

Nursing is changing. All nurses, clinical and management, are being encouraged to write. Some educators are under considerable pressure to write as part of their jobs. The university system has always insisted that teaching staff publish and many nursing colleges and schools are now joining the higher educational system. This article is about getting started in writing. It describes what to write, who to write it for and how to write for publication.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Use of the QSR.NUD.IST computer program to identify how clinical midwife mentors view their work.

This paper looks at the use of a computer program (QSR.NUD.IST) to analyse qualitative data. The data are derived from interviews with clinical midwife mentors as part of an evaluation of a midwifery educational programme. An account is given of the content analysis of the data with reference to the literature, and then the way the programme was used to analyse the data a second time. A description is given of the way this programme in particular functions using the textual data as an example. The use of computers in general for analysing qualitative data is discussed in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. The results of the study are described briefly showing how the mentors view their role and responsibilities.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed1996

Issues in designing a student database.

Many larger colleges of nursing have centralized student databases in which all elements of students' records are collated. The smaller department or college may leave the design of such databases to course leaders. This paper highlights stages and considerations in the development of student databases. It offers definitions of flat-file and relational databases; it identifies issues in prior planning and then of direct plannings of the database. It offers a discussion of a number of issues related to what sort of information is stored in a student database. It closes with a discussion of the training needs of those staff who are going to use such a database. The principles described in this paper can also be adapted for use in the designing of any health care related database system. The paper also addresses the question of why all colleges are not, already, using such systems.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed1996

Teaching the analysis of textual data: an experiential approach.

As qualitative research methods become more refined, so there is an increasing need to teach data analysis methods. This paper offers a group method--based on experiential learning principles--for teaching the analysis of textual data. Terms are defined, an outline for a preliminary theory input is offered and then the group method, itself, is described. Variants of the method are also described and various objections to the method are addressed.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMed1996

Quality in provision of forensic psychiatric services: room for improvement.

Highlights some of the tensions which impede the development of an effective and efficient system of service delivery in forensic psychiatry. Reports on an investigation exploring the quality of care in a relatively small unit providing forensic psychiatric care in a secure setting and the constraints which impede the development of such services. Discusses the findings from the investigation which point to the need for the organizational structure surrounding forensic psychiatric care to be altered so that there are no perverse incentives for purchasers of services and to enable the contracting process, considering both cost and quality issues, to take place on a level playing field.

Australia↗
PubMed1996

International comparison of baccalaureate nursing degrees: collaboration in qualitative analysis.

This paper describes a study which investigated the perceived similarities and differences of a selection of baccalaureate nursing degrees from different continents. An international research team was formed, and by using a modified version of the Delphi process and nominal group techniques the group undertook a qualitative analysis of curriculum documents. The major areas analysis were: aims, content, methods and assessment. Under these headings the group produced a list of key issues supported by a number of indicative statements by collating the independent analyses undertaken by each of the team members. Examples of findings are that critical thinking and personal development are most obvious in aims but that the progression of curricula may not achieve this, there are differences in 'western' and 'asian' orientations to the concept of personal autonomy. Sciences are valued more than arts or humanities. The lecture method as well as practice placement dominate the teaching methods. Transcultural nursing is not significant except where there are two therapeutic ideologies in existence. Assessment methods are largely summative. The findings have application in the development of credit transfer and international exchange schemes. The conclusions highlight areas of special considerations when designing such schemes.

China↗