Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P Brunner.
The average values and scatter of total protein and serum protein separated by paper electrophoresis of umbilical artery blood sampled at 130 normal deliveries, were determined. The distribution of the values was examined by means of a dot diagram. On the basis of the examination of an international standard preparation the reproducibility of the results is stated.
1 and 3 h after i.p. application of Ozothin, an oxidation product of Bordeaux terpin oil, in rats there is a significant increase in goblet cells both totally and in the tightly filled ones (respectively in the villi of the small intestine). Double i.v. injection of therapeutic doses of Ozothin (first 14 h and booster 2 h preoperatively) induces a significant decrease in the number of the tightly filled goblet cells. These contradictory results may partly be explained as an initially timed ischesis of mucigenous glands by Ozothin. Statistically significant differences among the different series of tests could be found only in the epithelium of the villi. In the crypts there were similar results lacking statistical significance.
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Temporary electrophysiological damage to the rabbit eye proportional to dosis and application time was observed after application of Vincristin (Lilly). Cell destruction in all retinal layers was observed upon histological and electron microscopic examination of the animals. The outer segments of the receptor cells showed chiefly diffuse damage, and the pigment epithelial cells showed a high incidence of reorganization. Follow-up examination one year later showed this damage to be partially reparable, especially when very high doses had not been applied. Regeneration of the outer segments was observed. Destruction through pyknosis of the nucleus and cytoplasmal destruction was observed in a small number of receptor cells, bipolar ganglion cells, and ganglion cells. This also explained the absence of lasting functional abnormalities in the ERG and EVP.
Artificial fat embolism in rabbits was caused by injection of olive oil and Lipiodol Ultrafluid into the ear vein. Electron-microscopic and histochemical observations of the lung were made. The content of nonspecific esterase was evaluated. Serious defects of blood vessels and pneumocytes as well as an increase in alveolar macrophages and capillary thrombosis were noted. The endothelial cells became considerably larger and necrosis of endothelial cells and capillary destruction even occurred. Fat appeared interstially and in the alveolus. Tissue reaction is much greater in olive oil than in contrast medium. This is due to their different chemical composition. The strong tissue reaction in olive oil is caused by glycerol and unsaturated fatty acids occurring in hydrolysis. Fat emboli are primarily eliminated by enzymatic splitting. Normally alveolar macrophages and endothelial cells contain little nonspecific esterase. After application of fatty fluids they react with an increase in the content of esterase. Alveolar epithelium seems to participate in enzymatic fat splitting.
Following extracorporeal circulation with a bubble oxygenator (Rygg-Kyvsgaard) silicone emboli were found in the brain-and-kidney-capillaries of all dogs evaluated. There was no obvious correlation between intensity of silicone embolism and pump time. No cellular reaction was seen around the anti-foam agent. Occasionally single small areas of embolic brain damage were found. During extracorporeal circulation and within a recovery period up to one hour no silicone excretion through the kidneys could be demonstrated. Systemic fat embolism occurred less frequent than previously reported. Use of a filter in the cardiotomy suction line reduced its intensity further. In neither of the various organs examined, disseminated intravascular thrombosis could be found.
In 50 flying birds (49 parrot-like, one peacock), the content of fat-embolic vascular occlusions was determined. In 22 cases, fat-embolic occlusions of low intensity were found in pulmonary capillaries. There were no occlusions in renal vessels. The fat embolies had no influence on a lethal outcome. There was no statistically significant correlation between the fatty infiltration of the liver, the fat content of the bone marrow, and the frequency of fat-embolic occlusion of blood vessels. In 18 cases, mycoses were the cause of death. These infections did not influence the number of fat-embolic vascular occlusions.
40 duodenal stumps formed following gastric resections according to Billroth II were studied. The most recent stump was 6 hours old, the oldest 35 years. With some exceptions the torus on the stump---due to the suture---disappears within one year and is replaced by a wide strip of scar tissue. Chronic inflammations due to foreign bodies, some with acute exacerbation, were proved histologically to persist even decades after the resection. These inflammations are closely related with the suture material and other foreign matter. In patients submitted to the Billroth II operation, lipomatosis in the pancreas occurred more rarely, whereas fibrosis set in more often.
The diagnostic significance of sectioning of entire lungs (Gough-sections) was investigated by application of different staining methods. The stained sections were mounted on transparent cellophan-foils. Macroscopic and microscopic results are satisfactory after staining for iron and neutral fat and after application of particular enzymatic reactions. This method is especially recommended in topographic problems.
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Rats fed abnormally composed isocaloric diets during 21 days (low magnesium, atherogenous, high in proteins or carbohydrates) develop a mean increase in total number of pancreatic A cells, a significant increase of A/B ratio (atherogenous), and hyperglucagonemia in most of the groups under study. Histologic examination reveals calcification most marked in animals under low magnesium and atherogenous diets. They are only scarce following high protein diet; a normal or carbohydrate rich diet nullifies this phenomenon. Independent of the morphologic and functional state of the islets, supplementation by argining and histidine of normal chow is followed by a certain degree of renal calcification. Lowered urinary magnesium and calcium and elevated urinary sodium and phosphate together with a tendency toward hypercalcemia point to stimulation of parathyroids during malnutrition. Absolute or relative hyperglucagonemia must be considered the main causstive factor.
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