Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Brunner

Publications and source records attributed to P Brunner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Developmental modulation of a glial cell-associated glycoprotein, 5B12, in an insect, Acheta domesticus.

The expression of an insect (Acheta domesticus) adult glial cell-specific antigen, 5B12 undergoes major changes during development. The 5B12 antigen is detected as early as 20-25% of embryonic development, when immunoreactivity is distributed throughout the periphery, present at the luminal surface of epithelial cells which compose developing limb buds, sensory appendages, and the body cavity. The antigen is also localized on the cell surface of neural elements within commissural tracts in the embryonic CNS. 5B12 is secreted extracellularly in the periphery, where it is associated with the embryonic basal lamina in developing cercal sensory appendages. Luminal surface expression is transient, and disappears by 95% of embryonic development. As development proceeds, 5B12 distribution becomes more restricted, so that in the adult the antigen is predominantly associated with specific glial elements within the nervous system where it occurs as a specialized component of the extracellular matrix. The 5B12 antigen is also associated with discrete central and peripheral fiber tracts. Antigen 5B12 is present in whole embryos and in the adult CNS as a Mr 185-kDa glycoprotein. Distinct carbohydrate moieties with chondroitin sulfate-like properties are situated on the 5B12 epitope. Thus the glia-associated 5B12 macromolecule has the characteristics of a small proteoglycan. Based upon features of its distribution, pattern of spatiotemporal expression, and biochemical properties, it is speculated that 5B12 participates in events related sequentially to the development and the function of the insect nervous system.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Quantitative flow measurement with the fast Fourier flow technique.

The fast Fourier flow method of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging offers a fast and efficient way of measuring quantitative flow for velocities within the range from several millimeters per second to more than 1 m/sec. When fast Fourier flow imaging is used in combination with echocardiographic gating, arterial flow can be determined and velocity versus time profiles can be generated. Because of the high spatial resolution, down to 0.3 mm, detailed examination of flow profiles is possible even in smaller vessels. The method works equally well on a low-field-strength system operating at 0.23 T and on a high-field-strength system with 4.7-T field strength. Since the experiment is very fast, with acquisition times ranging from 4 seconds for a single-section experiment to about 4 minutes for the electrocardiographically gated variant, it can easily be combined with a conventional MR imaging examination.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1988

[Magnetic resonance in pediatric research and clinical practice. I. What can we expect from this new method?].

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was first observed over 40 years ago and has recently also entered the field of human medicine. It currently attracts increasing attention from biologists and clinicians alike, and the scope of its different applications is in a phase of explosive development. Two principle developments of the MR method are taking place over the recent years and are of special interest for pediatricians and neonatologists. One involves the possibility of obtaining images from any part of the human body, somewhat similar to those obtained with computer tomography (CT), but without any radiation hazard. Today clinicians are most familiar with this mode of MR application. The other development tries to adapt the MR method of elucidating the structure of molecules used in physics, molecular biology and organic chemistry for applications in medicine, allowing to study metabolism in vivo under non-invasive conditions. Again, such studies pose no health hazards and are, therefore, applicable to neonates and small infants. They will enhance our understanding of metabolic processes during normal development and disease, especially in organs like the brain, where biopsies are virtually impossible. Recent developments combine the two methods mentioned above, in order to obtain morphological as well as metabolic information from the same organ at the same time, which may provide even better insight into pathophysiological mechanisms and their response to therapeutic measures. This article attempts to give an overview to the medical researcher, the clinician, and especially the pediatrician and neonatologist of what MR is and what we can expect from it.

Brain↗
PubMed1987

[One year after Chernobyl--radioactive cesium in breast milk].

Radioactivity in human breast milk was determined in 32 women in February and March 1987 by means of a Germanium detector. At this time radioactivity increased again by feeding the hay to the cattle harvested in the weeks following the disaster of Chernobyl. 8 (25%) of the values were above 0.3 nCi/l for babies milk recommended by the local authorities.

Accidents↗
PubMed1986

[Obstetric aspects of radiation exposure following the Chernobyl accident].

Radioactivity was determined in the milk from 39 patients and in amniotic fluid, urine and placentas from 17 patients shortly after the Chernobyl disaster by means of a beta and gamma-scintillation counter. Elevated radioactivity (7.6 nCi/l beta activity and 7.4 nCi/l gamma activity) was found only in one sample of breast milk.

Accidents↗
PubMed1985

Micropapillomatosis of the bronchial basement membrane: pathogenesis and types.

Fingerlike excrescences of the bronchial basement membrane may occur as a consequence of alterations in human bronchial mucosa. Such lesions contain capillary vessels and subepithelial connective tissue in their interior (capillar body phenomenon, micropapillomatosis). The papillae develop passively as a result of capillary vessels pushing towards the epithelium. The precondition for the formation of papillae is an alteration of the epithelial layer from pseudostratified to stratified epithelium. The broad lower layer of the basement membrane is thinned due to the piling-up of wide-lumened capillary vessels at the basement membrane. The capillary vessel increases in length and forms loops which push the basement membrane up into the epithelial layer. In this process the epithelial cells are pushed apart. Four different types of papillae can be distinguished, the forms of which may be correlated with particular disturbances in the texture of the epithelial layer. Papillomatosis of the bronchial basement membrane is not pathological as such. It can contribute to the diagnosis of bronchus biopsy material. In the case of scaled-off epithelium its presence is evidence for an alteration of the mucosa into stratified epithelium (basal cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, textureless epithelial layer).

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1983

[Apparent spontaneous regression of an inoperable kidney cancer].

In 1959, a then 66-year-old woman was undergoing an operation of a renal "tumor". Because of inoperability, only a biopsy was performed. Histologically, a non differentiated hypernephroid carcinoma was diagnosed. 20 years later, in 1979, the patient died of biventriculary cardiac insufficiency. In the autopsy a retroperitoneal "tumor", affecting the kidney, was found and for the present (without knowledge of the anamnesis) diagnosed as a liposarcoma. In knowledge of history, duration and behaviour of the disease and histopathology of the lesion, the "tumor" in question showed to be a twice misdiagnosed retroperitoneal fibrosis (M. Ormond) and not a neoplasm.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Structural disorders of the human tracheal mucosa: incidence, sex distribution and topography].

The trachea in 148 patients investigated with respect to incidence and topographic properties of squamous metaplasia, basal-cell hyperplasia, and goblet-cell hyperplasia (randomized study including 88 men and 60 women). Each trachea was examined histologically at 41 defined locations. In men, the percentage of squamous metaplasia is 9.6%, of basal-cell hyperplasia 14.9%, and of goblet-cell hyperplasia 7.1% (all locations concerned without regard to topography). In women, the corresponding figures are only 4.2% (squamous metaplasia), 9.5% (basal-cell hyperplasia), and 3.9% (goblet-cell hyperplasia). The topographic centers of textural changes of the tracheal mucosa in both men and women are the same. The site of predilection of goblet-cell hyperplasia is the lower and the middle third of the trachea. The preferential areas of squamous metaplasia are the upper and the lower third of the trachea. Basal-cell hyperplasia is mostly seen in the upper third of the trachea close to the cricoid, as well as in the entire anterior and posterior walls of the remaining parts of the trachea.

Female↗
PubMed1982

[Histologically detectable neutral lipid level in intervillum and villous blood vessels of human placenta--studies of the problem of fat embolism equivalent].

The occurrence of corpuscular neutral fat was investigated in the intervillous space and in villous vessels of 51 human placentae, between the 15th and 42nd weeks of gestation. Fat droplets were not recordable at all from the villous vessels. Neutral fat corpuscles were recorded from 36 of 51 examined placentae in the intervillum. Intensities were mostly minimum or low. Complete blockage of the intervillum by fat droplets was found to be impossible for anatomic reasons. The process, consequently, had to be interpreted as fat embolism equivalent rather than as fat embolism. No major clinical importance was attributed to this fat embolism equivalent on account of low intensity. --Occurrence of fat embolism equivalents in placentae of pregnant women above 26 years of age was higher with significance than that recorded from placentae of women below 26. --Occurrence of fat embolism equivalents was characterised by topographic preferences. Findings from marginal placental areas were more frequent with significance than those from the placental centre. Gestosis and other gestational complications obviously were of no impact whatsoever on occurrence or intensity of fat embolism equivalent. --The assumption was made that most of the fat droplets in intervillous space resulted from instability of protein-lipid bonding in blood.

Adult↗