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Biomedical subjects

P Bauer

Publications and source records attributed to P Bauer.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Effects of tolmetin, paracetamol, and of two combinations of tolmetin and paracetamol as compared to placebo on experimentally induced pain. A double blind study.

Previous studies in animals suggested that a coadministration of the anti-rheumatic/anti-inflammatory agent tolmetin (Tolectin) and of paracetamol potentiates the effects of these two drugs. The present study was carried out to assess whether or not the dosis of tolmetin necessary to obtain an analgesic effect can be reduced when paracetamol is coadministered in a model with experimentally induced pain in healthy human subjects. The effects of tolmetin 200 mg (T 200), paracetamol 400 mg (P 400), tolmetin 150 mg plus paracetamol 300 mg (T 150 + P 300), and of tolmetin 100 mg plus paracetamol 400 mg (T 100 + P 400) on pain threshold to electrical and thermal stimuli and on pain tolerance to electrical stimuli were compared to the effects of placebo under double blind conditions. Each of 20 healthy volunteers received all of the 5 treatments randomised according to four 5 X 5 Latin squares. The results showed that the combination T 100 + P 400 had better analgesic effects than the double dose of tolmetin, T 200, alone, while the effects of P 400 could not be discrminated from placebo. In a sequential t-test the effects of T 100 + P 400 could be discriminated from placebo already after 14 Ss. The effects of T 200, T 150 + P 300, and T 100 + P 400 respectively could not be differentiated, indicating that the dose of tolmetin can be reduced markedly by simultaneous administration of paracetamol without a loss in analgesic potency. Coadministration of tolmetin and paracetamol permits a marked reduction of the dose of tolmetin without any loss of analgesic potency as measured in a model with experimentally induced pain in healthy subjects.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1979

The effect of intramuscular pirenzepine on esophageal contractile activity and lower esophageal sphincter pressure under fasting conditions and after a standard meal. A double blind study.

In two studies, each on 16 healthy volunteers, the effects of pirenzepine on esophageal and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) contractile activity were studied under double blind conditions. One study was carried out on subjects who had fasted, the other on subjects who had ingested a standard meal. Each subject underwent two experiments, one with i.m. injection of 0.2 mg/kg body weight pirenzepine, the other with an injection of solvent. Heart rate, respiratory rate, electroencephalogram, and reaction time to acoustical stimuli were recorded to control for cardiovascular, respiratory and central nervous effects respectively. Pirenzepine under both fasting and nonfasting conditions caused significant decreases in number, amplitude, and duration of swallow-contractions. LES pressures under both conditions were significantly lower after pirenzepine than after the solvent. Pirenzepine furthermore caused a significant heart rate deceleration and respiratory acceleration, as well as an increased power in the faster Beta- and decreased power in the Alpha-range of the EEG. In conclusion, pirenzepine inhibits esophageal and LES contractile activity and also affects the central nervous system by a direct or indirect mechanism. An application of pirenzepine in hypertensive states of the LES and the esophagus seems possible and deserves further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Determining the average posteruptive age of teeth from the results of cross-sectional studies (author's transl)].

If results of cross-sectional studies must be used as a basis for setting up models of development of caries in permanent teeth, then the average rather than individual posteruptive age of teeth has to be resorted to. Data available for this purpose had been obtained from a total of 54,000 children living in two G.D.R. cities, namely, Plauen and Karl-Marx-Stadt, as well as from two surveys made in 1959 and 1971, respectively. Calculation of the average posteruptive age of teeth assumes good knowledge of the distribution of dates of eruption in a population. Of the three types of distribution considered, namely, normal, lognormal, and log-logistic distribution, the log-logistic model proved to be superior to others because of better adaptation to the data available. The method of calculating the posteruptive age of teeth is described and illustrated by use of a number of examples. Since one of the two surveys (namely that which was made in Karl-Marx-Stadt in 1971) was made after twelve years' drinking water fluoridation, it was possible to study the effect of fluoridation upon the eruptive behavior of permanent teeth. The results of this study confirmed those obtained during previous investigations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Changes in glucose tolerance, serum insulin and blood lipids during contraceptive medication (oestrogen-gestagen) in metabolically-healthy women (author's transl)].

A low-dosage combination type of contraceptive (oestrogen-gestagen) was given to 19 metabolically- healthy women of normal weight over a period of 6 months. Glucose tolerance, serum insulin and serum lipids were measured 1 month before, during and 2 months after medication. There was a slight decrease in the basal insulin values and an opposite trend in the basal blood glucose values, not exceeding 10 mg% in comparison to pretreatment values. The oral glucose tolerance test with a load of 100 g oligosaccharides did not show any statiscally significant changes during the 9 month observation period. The serum insulin curve, however, showed a delayed increase with a tendency to return to original values after medication had stopped. A slight degree of insulin resistance without change in glucose tolerance can, therefore, be assumed. There was a tendency for triglyceride values to increase over the observation period. A trend towards decreased cholesterol, on the other hand, was statistically insignificant. The observed changes were all within the normal range in all cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Ultrastructural changes in midgut cells of female Aedes aegypti L. (Insecta, Diptera) after starvation or sugar diet.

The ultrastructure of the epithelial cells in the posterior part of the midgut in female Aedes aegypti was partly changed after starvation periods of 5 or 8 days. Most obvious is a drastic reduction of the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer), which is responsible for the synthesis of enzymes for blood digestion. A similar influence on rer membranes is to be observed in mosquitoes fed on sucrose solution only, without additional blood meals.

Aedes↗
PubMed1977

Problems of model testing.

At first, a model is defined generally and a classification into descriptive and mechanistic models is made. A definition of what is meant by testing the adequacy of regression type models is given. The situations with or without repeated measurements are distinguished. The principle of the decision theoretical approach for model discrimination is compared with that of the significance test for adequacy. Finally, the problem of the optimality of experimental designs with respect to tests of adequacy is discussed. The arguments are demonstrated with various examples.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

[Evaluation of an experimental method for testing analgesic drugs by electrical stimulation of the skin (author's transl)].

The pain threshold and pain tolerance were determined by electrical stimulation of the skin employing a newly-developed apparatus. The efficacy of the method was evaluated in a double-blind cross-over study on ten healthy subjects with administration of 50 mg pentazocine plus 500 mg acetylsalicylic acid (P + A) orally in comparison with a placebo. The sensitivity of this method in determining the pain threshold was compared with a fixed intensity-variable time modification of the radiant heat method. The presence of sedative side effects of the drugs was tested by measurement of the reaction time to visual stimuli. All measurements were performed before and then 60 and 90 minutes after drug administration and an analysis of variance was carried out on the data. There was a significant elevation of both the pain threshold and pain tolerance as determined electrically after the administration of P + A as compared with the placebo experiments. A similar tendency was obtained with the thermal method, but the increase in pain threshold was not statistically significant. No significant changes were found in optical reaction time. It may be concluded that the apparatus developed by us appears to be a valuable tool in the evaluation of effectiveness of analgesic drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[On the correlation between standard variables of mother and newborn child (author's transl)].

In a previous study on the relations existing between infant weight, placental weight and maternal weight and height a strong positive correlation was found between infant and placental weight as well as a positive correlation between maternal weight before birth and infant and placental weight respectively. This could be confirmed in this extended study on 438 cases, in which also other variables, in particular the maternal weight increase during pregnancy, were investigated. Where as in the previous study it was suggested, that maternal weight acts via placental weight on infant weight, the findings of this study imply, that there is also a direct influence of maternal on infant weight. Taking maternal weight before pregnancy and immediately before birth (uncorrected and corrected for placental and fetal weight) separately, the correlation between maternal weight before pregnancy showed a stronger relation to infant weight than the corrected maternal weight increase during pregnancy.

Austria↗
PubMed1976

Effect of alterations of blood glucose levels on gastric acid secretion, plasma gastrin, and plasma osmolality in man.

In 16 experiments on 4 healthy subjects, the effect of procedures which alter blood glucose, ie, infusion of 0.2 units/kg body wt/hr insulin and/or 0.66 g/kg body wt/hr glucose, on gastric acid secretion, plasma gastrin, and plasma osmolality was studied, Each subject underwent four different experimental procedures, each lasting 4 hr. All had in common one basal hour and the infusion of insulin in the second hour, but differed in the time of infusion of glucose or isotonic saline. To control for order effects, the four procedures were applied to the subjects in the form of a Latin square. Acid output was measured continuously be means of intragastric titration and a telemetering capsule; blood glucose, plasma gastrin, and plasma osmolaity were determined in 15-min intervals. An inverse relationship between blood glucose and acid output was found: Low glucose levels were associated with high rates of acid secretion, high glucose levels with low acid secretion. No noticeable changes occurred in either plasma gastrin or plasma osmolality. These results reveal a determining influence of blood glucose levels on acid secretion. On the basis of earlier work in animals it is concluded that this influence is exerted via the reciprocal activities of the hypothalamic satiety and feeding centers.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Lipid composition of the rat kidney.

The lipid fractions free fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, cholesterol esters and phospholipids of rat kidney cortex, outer and inner medulla were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. The concentrations of 23 individual fatty acids in the lipid fractions of each zone were determined by gas chromatography; 14 of them were evaluated by an analysis of variance. For most of the lipid fractions a corticomedullary concentration gradient was found, the highest concentrations occurring in the cortex. The lipid classes primarily determined the pattern of individual fatty acid concentrations. A significant concentration difference between the three zones only existed for 4 of 14 fatty acids. Long chain fatty acids were found in a higher concentration in the phospholipids of cortex and outer medulla (about 95%) in comparison to the inner medulla (65%).

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Distribution of caries among tooth types in fluoride and non-fluoride areas.

A method is described for estimating the preferential caries protective action of fluoride on certain morphological types of permanent teeth. The results of an analysis by this method, applied to data for 1164 Austrian school-children aged 6--14 years, are reported. There was no indication that fluoride would exert its caries inhibitory effect selectively on certain types of teeth. Tentative explanations are put forward for the only inconsistency within the general results observed in 11--14-year-old children having a total of 3 carious teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Inhibitory effect of an intravenous glucose load on basal and insulin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in man.

The effect of intravenous glucose on basal and insulin-stimulated gastric acid secretion was investigated in a crossover study on four healthy subjects. Acid output was measured by means of intragastric titration and a telemetering capsule; serum-gastrin and blood glucose levels were measured in 15-minute-intervals. Two different experiments were carried out on each subject. After one basal hour in series (a), 2 ml saline, and in series (b), 0.2 U/kg b. w. glucagon-free insulin were injected intravenously. Two hours later, in both series 0.66 g/kg b. w. glucose were given by rapid i.v. infusion, and the experiment continued for another hour. Hyperglycemia was found to depress significantly basal as well as insulin-stimulated acid secretion, while serum-gastrin levels showed no systematic variation. On the basis of these findings and of earlier studies in animals, it is concluded that the inhibitory effect of hyperglycemia is due to a central action, i.e., an increased activity of the satiety center.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Gastric acid secretion, serum-gastrin levels and psychomotor function under the influence of placebo, insulin-hypoglycemia, and/or bromazepam.

Gastric acid output, blood-glucose, serum-gastrin and psychomotor-performance were measured in four healthy subjects one hour before and two hours after the intravenous injection of (a) 2ml saline, (b) 0.2 U/kg b.w. insulin, (c) 0.1 mg/kg b.w. bromazepam. Each subject underwent one experiment of each type. The study was layed out as a Latin-square and analysed accordingly. Gastric acid secretion was measured by means of intragastric titration and a telemetering capsule; blood-glucose and serum-gastrin levels as well as psychomotor performance as a measure of vigilance were determined in 15-minute-intervals. In the saline series (a), none of the four parameters showed any systematic variation. In series (b), a bimodal response of acid output to insulin, initial inhibition and subsequent stimulation was observed in all subjects. Serum-gastrin levels showed only a slight and transient increase in the first thirty minutes. Psychomotor performance decreased markedly with progressing hypoglycemia, and increased when glucose levels rose again. In the bromazepan series (c), acid output and psychomotor performance decreased and, after the first hour, increased almost parallely, while glucose and gastrin levels remained unchanged. In series (d), an additive effect of insulin and bromazepam occurred: acid output and psychomotor performance were lower than after insulin alone; peak acid secretion, maximal hypoglycemia and peak of serum-gastrin were shifted to the right. It is concluded that the lowered basal as well as insulin-stimulated acid secretion after bromazepam is due to the central effect of the drug, and that this effect is mediated to the gastric glands directly via autonomic nervous pathways without involving a release of endogenous gastrin.

Adult↗