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Biomedical subjects

P Aggarwal

Publications and source records attributed to P Aggarwal.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Efficacy of sodium antimony gluconate and ketoconazole in the treatment of kala-azar--a comparative study.

The present study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of ketoconazole in comparison to sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) in the treatment of kala-azar. The study was conducted at two centres: All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi and Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta. A total of 180 patients with proven kala-azar were recruited. After preliminary investigations, the patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: One group received ketoconazole in a dose of 600 mg/ day in 3 divided doses for 4 weeks while the other group was treated with SAG at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day up to a maximum of 850 mg/day for 4 weeks. The patients were followed up by clinical examination, liver functions, haemogram and the bone marrow/splenic aspiration. Responders were followed up at 3 and 9 months of intervals. Of 90 cases in SAG, 78 (81.7%) got cured initially while under ketoconazole group, only 26 (33.3%) of 78 patients responded initially (p < 0.001). After 3 months of follow up, 75 of 78 SAG-responders (96.2%) and 24 of 26 ketoconazole-responders (92.3%) continued to be in remission. Despite the fact that 2 patients in each group were lost to follow up at 9 months, similar observations were noted with only one relapse in SAG group. The response to SAG was comparable at the two centres. However, the response to ketoconazole was better at Delhi centre as compared to that at Calcutta. There were no significant side effects or hormonal changes in any of the patients in ketoconazole group at Delhi centre. Significantly higher side effects were reported at Calcutta centre in ketoconazole group (P < 0.05). No satisfactory explanation can be given for this difference in response to ketoconazole at two centres. However, it is known that leishmanial parasites of different geographical origin differ in their response to different drugs and this could be one of the reasons for difference observed in response rate to ketoconazole as the study involved different populations of people.

Drug Monitoring↗
PubMed1997

Resistance to quinolones in pathogens causing urinary tract infections.

157 bacterial isolates from cases with urinary tract infections (UTI) were studied for their susceptibility to some of the available quinolones as compared to other commonly used antimicrobial agents in UTI. Resistance to nalidixic acid was observed in 62.4% of isolates whereas for pefloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and lomifloxacin it was 54.7%, 52.5%, 51.5% and 50.3% respectively. Aminoglycosides and third generation cephalosporins showed resistance in fewer isolates. Gentamicin resistance was observed in 21% and corresponding figure for amikacin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone was 7%, 8.9% and 12.1% respectively. Nitrofurantoin showed resistance in 36.3% of isolates and 48% isolates were resistant to cephalexin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of quinolones was more than 64 mcg/ml which is > 8 times in resistant strains as compared to sensitive isolates.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1997

Rheumatoid arthritis--current trends in management.

RA is a chronic progressive polyarthritis associated with substantial disability. The current treatment protocols envisage early use of DMARDs before erosions develop. Patient education and increased physician awareness are the need of the day in order to minimize the morbidity and mortality associated with this crippling disease.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

Clinical and immunological profile of SLE: some unusual features.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and immunological profile of children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). DESIGN: Retrospective hospital based study. SETTING: Tertiary level center of North India. SUBJECTS: Sixteen children in the age group 4-12 years. METHODS: Medical records of children with SLE were analyzed. Clinico pathological features were compared with 2 other series from India. RESULTS: Mean age of children at the time of diagnosis was 10 yr and 8 (50%) children were less than 10 yr of age. The female to male ratio was 7:1. Fever (56.2%), rash (87%) and arthritis (87%) were the common clinical manifestations, Renal involvement was noted in 56.2% of cases. Other clinical features included hemolytic anemia (31.2%), thrombocytopenia (18.6%) and Raynaud's phenomenon (12.5%). Cardiac involvement in the form of severe myocarditis and endocarditis occurred in one patient each. Pulmonary hypertension was the presenting feature in one child with right heart failure. One child had multiple sclerosis along with SLE--a rare combination. ANA positivity was seen in all children. Five children died; two had severe cardiac involvement. Three children had renal involvement and one died of pulmonary hypertension. Two-thirds of subjects with renal involvement improved after therapy according to NIH, Bethesda protocol. CONCLUSIONS: SLE must be considered in any child with multisystem disease, as the disease may have certain unusual presentations.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Oral myiasis. A case report.

Myiasis is a disease commonly seen in animals, especially sheep and cattle. The condition is rare in man. A patient with a neglected fractured mandible with superimposed myiasis is reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Utility of an observation unit in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in India.

This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate whether an observation unit (OU) attached to the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary care hospital in India is safe, is effective in minimizing hospitalization of acutely ill patients and is acceptable to the patients. Of 115,916 patients who attended the ED, 11,130 (9.6%) were observed in the OU. The average period of observation was 7.74 h. Of the patients observed, 21.3% required hospitalization, while 78.5% were discharged after treatment. Twenty-four patients left the hospital against medical advice, and three patients died in the OU. It is concluded that an OU in the ED is safe in treating acutely ill patients, is effective in reducing substantially the number of patients requiring admission to the hospital, and is acceptable to the patients.

Adolescent↗