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Biomedical subjects

O Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to O Yoshida.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Histopathologic evaluation of anti-tumor activity of alpha-interferon for renal cell carcinoma, especially in autoptic cases].

The anti-tumor activity of alpha-interferon (gamma-IFN-alpha A) was assessed histopathologically in 14 patients with metastasized renal cell carcinoma. Ten of the patients had undergone radical nephrectomy, two patients embolization alone, one patient no prior treatment and one patient nephrectomy in IFN therapy. IFN was given daily intramuscularly starting at the dose of 3 X 10(6) U and increased every 3 days to the maximum of 5 X 10(7) U. This treatment could be tolerated. The clinical response was evaluated according to the criteria of Koyama and Saitou. Two of the patients showed partial response, one patient minor response, five patients no change and six patients progressive disease. The clinical responders also had histopathologically detected improvement. Renal cell carcinoma of a higher grade (sarcomatoid type) or lower grade (grade II greater than or equal to), was seen frequently, and the papillary or tubular type was resistant to IFN. The clear cell type and grade III tumor was more responsive to IFN. Histopathologically, no lymphocyte infiltration into the cancer cell focus was seen and the immunologic reaction was not considered to be affected by IFN, because of the myelosuppression due to the IFN therapy and because more responders used the steroid hormone like predonizolone to prevent side effects. Fever, anorexia and general malaise were observed in all cases. Myelosuppression like leukocytopenia and/or thrombocytopenia was also observed but easily improved after cessation of IFN medication or decrease of IFN dose. Liver dysfunction was observed but spontaneous recovery without discontinuation of IFN therapy or decrease of IFN dose was seen in two cases. The disturbance of the central nervous system similar to the occurrence of abnormal EEG waves or psychosis, was a dose-limiting factor. Further studies especially to develop an appropriate method of administration and the combination with other anti-cancer agents must be studied.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Zinc concentrations and total amount of zinc in seminal plasma of infertile men with special reference to prostatic secretory function].

The exact relationship between seminal plasma zinc and fertility is not known. Zinc is secreted mainly by the prostate, and zinc concentration in seminal plasma is regarded as an excellent indicator of prostatic secretory function. However, low zinc concentration may result not only from poor secretory function of the prostate but also from dilution due to excessive secretion of seminal vesicular fluid. This assumption is supported by the present result that zinc concentration was inversely correlated with fructose concentration. Therefore zinc concentration is thought to reflect prostatic function in proportion to seminal vesicular function. Total amount of zinc in seminal plasma seems to be an appropriate indicator for prostatic secretory function. In the present study, concentrations and total amount of zinc were examined in seminal plasma of men with various fertility problems. There were no significant differences between men with normal spermodiagram and those with abnormal spermodiagram, seminal inflammation or varicocele in concentration or total amount of zinc. No changes were observed in any of them after various therapies including oral zinc sulfate. However, the percentage of men with normal spermodiagram was low in the group with extremely low or high zinc concentration and total sperm count tended to increase with increase in total amount of zinc. Furthermore, the spermatozoal motility was better in the prostatic fraction than in the vesicular fraction of split ejaculates, and the percentage of men with decreased motility and normal sperm concentration was significantly high in the group with lower zinc concentration or decreased total amount of zinc. These observations indicate that prostatic secretion has a stimulatory effect on spermatozoal motility. The secretory activities of the prostate and the seminal vesicle are generally known to be closely controlled by androgens, but our findings indicate that the secretory functions of these accessory organs are independent because there was no correlation between total amount of zinc and fructose. Analysis of the relative concentrations in prostatic secretion, split ejaculates, and seminal plasma confirmed an almost exclusively prostatic origin of zinc. As part of the routine andrologic examination, measurement of concentration and total amount of zinc in seminal plasma is useful for evaluating prostatic function, but measurement of acid phosphatase, magnesium, calcium or potassium will provide almost as much information, since they also seem to be secreted primarily by the prostate.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[A study of allopurinol in the prevention of recurrent calcium oxalate stones].

We studied the effect of allopurinol on the prevention of stone recurrence in 134 patients with recurrent, idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis. They consisted of 113 male patients and 21 female, between 16 and 72 years with an average age of 42.7. The patients were divided into two groups according to the type of stone occurrence; those with multiple stones without previous stone episodes (multiple stone group), and the those with recurrent stones (stone episode group). Twenty three patients belonged to the multiple stone group and 111 patients belonged to the stone episode group. The stones in 19 of the 23 patients in the multiple stone group remained stable throughout the study, while stones in 4 grew. Fifty-nine of the 111 patients in the stone episode group were free from recurrence, but the others showed recurrence. Statistical analyses was done on the stone episode group. The stone recurrence rate of all of the 111 cases showed significant decrease during prophylactic treatment with allopurinol (p less than 0.01), although the observation period before treatment was 73.0 +/- 65.8 months and that during and after treatment was 28.2 +/- 12.1 months. During the two years before and after prophylaxis 79 patients also showed a significantly decreased recurrence rate. Moreover, regarding 37 cases without any stones at the start of treatment, stone recurrence rate decreased significantly after the administration of allopurinol. Throughout this study, we used a new method for evaluating reasonable stone recurrence. It did not calculate the number of stones recurred, but the stone-forming circumstance in each kidney.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

In vivo estimation of renal volume using a rotating gamma camera for 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal imaging.

The in vivo renal volume was determined using SPECT for 99mTc -DMSA renal imaging. The total renal volume was derived by summing the DMSA distribution volumes of the transaxial slices in the whole kidney. In 20 healthy subjects the renal volume in the right kidney was 220 ml for men and 195.2 ml for women, while that in the left kidney was 213 ml for men and 193.7 ml for women. Differences in those values were not statistically significant. A good correlation was found between renal volumes in both kidneys and body surface area. In 106 kidneys including solitary and pathological kidneys, individual renal volume correlated well with individual DMSA renal uptake rate which demonstrates cortical functioning mass, depending on the cortical blood flow. Thus, SPECT enables an accurate noninvasive means of estimating in vivo functioning renal volume.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

"Hot spot" on gallium-67-citrate scan in renal cell carcinoma. Clinicopathologic and biochemical correlation.

A frontal tomographic whole-body gallium-67-citrate scan was performed on 30 patients with renal cell carcinoma. Positive gallium uptake by the kidney in 20 patients (66.7%) correlated well with the clinicopathologically higher stage and grade of the tumor and with abnormal values in prognostic indexes in the blood. Thus, a negative gallium uptake may be indicative of an improved clinical course and longer survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Epstein-Barr virus-activating principle in human semen.

During the screening of natural and physiological products for their Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-activating potency, we found that a considerable number of human semen specimens obtained from infertility clinics (30 cases) possess a marked capacity to induce EBV early antigen (EA) in non-producer Raji cell system when assayed in combination with n-butyrate. The EBV EA-inducing activity of the semen samples was comparable to that of the most efficient EBV EA inducers, the plant diterpene esters such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Since many, if not all, of such active agents show overlapping with the tumor promoters in their biological reactions, these findings may provide a new insight for assessing the role of semen in the etiology of certain types of human genital malignancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effect of an anticancer agent, vinblastine, on mouse skin.

The effect of vinblastine (VLB), an anticancer agent which has recently been shown to have Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-activating potency, on CD-1 mouse skin was investigated. A single topical application of either 15 or 100 micrograms of VLB induced epidermal hyperplasia. Twice weekly applications of these doses of VLB either for 29 weeks after a 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) initiation (one-stage promotion) or for 27 weeks after DMBA initiation and a limited treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (two-stage promotion) failed to show any significant tumor-promoting activity at 30 weeks. The problem of EBV activation and its relationship to tumor promotion should await more definitive studies.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1984

A newly designed model for infection-induced bladder stone formation in the rat.

A newly designed urolithiasis model for rats, inducing a mild urinary tract infection, exhibiting reduced renal damage without pyelonephritis and causing reliable stone formation, was established. This was accomplished by implanting a zinc disc in the bladder and then performing transvesical inoculation of Proteus mirabilis into the bladder. Five days after challenge with 10(7) colony forming units (CFU) of P. mirabilis in each rat, the number of organisms in the bladder urine reached a level of over 10(5) colony forming units per ml. The infection was mostly restricted to the urinary tract organs. Infectious bladder stones were formed 5 days after infection and developed day by day, weighing 88.3 +/- 18.8 mg. on the 21st day. Blood urea nitrogen values stayed in the normal range in all test animals during this experiment. The main composition of the stones formed was shown to be struvite (MgNH4PO4 X 6H2O).

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Study on heterotransplantation of malignant urogenital tumors in nude mice: results of transplantation and the characteristics of the explants].

Since 1976, we have transplanted 82 urological neoplasms into nude mice, 46 of which (56%) took. Thirty five of them (43% of the total tumors) are being serially transplanted. This rate of success seems to be better than that obtained at other institutes for both neoplasms of urogenital as well as other tissue origin. The explants basically retained the original characteristics of the native tumors not only in histological pattern but also in tumor markers, even after a long term period of heterotransplantation. However, the histological features of some tumor lines seemed to be reduced. A certain cell population was lost during repeated transplantations. Such a clonal selection may have resulted from the outgrowth of the cell population capable of adapting to the transplanted environment. Nevertheless heterotransplantation experiments in nude mice are one of the most valuable tools in various cancer research including that in the urological field since a rather high percentage of urologic malignancies take while retaining their original characteristics for a long time.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

[Failure to activate Epstein-Barr virus genome in a latently-infected human lymphoblastoid cell line with urine containing a bladder carcinogenesis promoter].

We assessed the possibility to detect promoters of bladder carcinogenesis by a short-term in vitro assay utilizing the activation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) expression in EBV genome-carrying human lymphoblastoid cells. This system is composed of EBV-nonproducer Raji cells as the indicator, n-butyrate as the EBV-inducer and the test substance. None of eight known bladder carcinogens (2-naphthylamine, 2-acetylaminofluorene, N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine, N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl) nitrosamine, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide, benzidine, cyclophosphamide) or five promoters (sodium saccharin, sodium cyclamate, urea, allopurinol, DL-tryptophan) were detected by this system. Normal urine from 20 rats did not activate the EBV genome. Neither the 0.45 micron membrane filtrates nor ether extracts of urine obtained from rats given one of 4 bladder carcinogens, 4 promoters or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate reacted with this system, whereas those from rats given either vincristine or vinblastine did, although their activity for promoting bladder carcinogenesis is not known. Urine samples from 42 patients with bladder cancers, when tested as filtrates, ether extracts or XAD-2 resin adsorbates, did not activate EBV expression. These results suggest that EBV-activating substances contribute little to promotion of bladder carcinogenesis and that this test might not be applicable for screening of tumor promoters in urine.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of drug sensitivity among tumor cells within a tumor, between primary tumor and metastases, and between different metastases in the human tumor colony-forming assay.

The human tumor colony-forming assay was used to compare chemosensitivity among tumor cells within a primary tumor, between primary tumor and metastases, and between different metastases. No significant differences in cloning efficiency were found in any of the three comparison studies. However, considerable differences in chemosensitivities were observed between different parts of the same tumor and between the primary tumor and metastases. Two different parts of the same tumor were comparably assayed for nine primary tumors. In nine paired samples which allowed in vitro drug sensitivity testing, there was no satisfactory correlation of sensitivity to cytostatic drugs. Cell suspensions were prepared from 28 primary tumors and from metastases taken from the same patient. In 14 paired samples which formed sufficient colonies for determination of drug effect, the data showed no satisfactory correlation of chemosensitivity between a primary tumor and its metastases. Both tumor samples from different metastatic sites of the same patient formed sufficient colonies in seven of eight instances. In the seven paired samples, there was strong association of chemosensitivity (p less than 0.005). The results indicate that the reported discrepancies of in vitro and in vivo results in clinical trials using the tumor colony-forming assay for predicting resistance or sensitivity to cytostatic drugs may be due to therapeutic heterogeneity among tumor colony-forming units within a primary tumor and between a primary tumor and its metastases.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1984

[Inhibitory effects of aromatic retinoic acid analog, administered alone or in combination with mitomycin C, on the in vitro growth of rat bladder carcinoma cells].

The effects of an aromatic retinoic acid analog (Ro 10-9359), its metabolite (Ro 10-1670) and mitomycin C (MMC) on the in vitro growth of rat bladder carcinoma cells, BC50-TC were examined. The growth of the cells treated with 10(-4) M of either of the retinoids for 1 hour was not inhibited. The growth of the cells was inhibited by 37% and 93%, respectively, by the 3-day treatment with Ro 10-9359 and Ro 10-1670, at the concentration of 5 X 10(-5) M. The retinoids given in combination with MMC produced additive effects. Slight synergism was suggested at high concentrations of the retinoid. The fact that the retinoids exhibited anti-tumor activity in vitro might preclude indirect effects from being the only factor in the inhibition of the tumor growth in vivo, but the fact that antagonism with MMC did not occur in vitro whereas it did in vivo suggests that the indirect effects of the retinoid might be more important in mediating the anti-tumor effects. Regardless of the mechanism of action, care should be taken when prescribing retinoids with MMC or other cytotoxic agents.

Acitretin↗
PubMed1984

[A case of pedunculated hepatoma suspected of adrenal tumor].

We herein report a case of pedunculated hepatoma which was preoperatively diagnosed as nonfunctioning adrenal tumor. A 51-year-old man was admitted for further examination of right hypochondrial pain. CT scan showed a right suprarenal mass. Tumor vessels were visualized on selective right renal arteriography and right inferior phrenic arteriography. Adrenal function was normal. Preoperative diagnosis was nonfunctioning right adrenal tumor. On operation, we found a right suprarenal tumor which was in continuity with the inferior part of the liver. Pathological diagnosis of the biopsy specimen was hepatocellular carcinoma (Edmondson's grade 3). Difficulty of preoperative diagnosis of pedunculated hepatoma is discussed.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗