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Biomedical subjects

O Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to O Yoshida.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

High single-dose alternate-day corticosteroid regimens in treatment of polymyositis.

High single-dose alternate-day prednisolone therapy (ADT) was compared with daily-dose prednisolone therapy (DDT) for treatment of polymyositis. Thirty patients with polymyositis were treated with ADT for an average of 33.9 months. The combined number of improvements was 21 out of 30, a response rate of 70%. Side-effects were very rare and mild. On the other hand, 9 of 17 patients treated with DDT for an average 18.5 months improved, a response rate of 53%. The incidence of side-effects was strikingly higher than with ADT. ADT is therefore strongly advocated for treatment of polymyositis to avoid infectious complications and lessen cushingoid side-effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Relationship between haemodialysis anaemia and copper and zinc.

In fifteen chronic haemodialysis patients, serum and corpuscular copper and zinc concentrations were examined before and after dialysis. Serum copper levels were normal before dialysis and elevated after dialysis. However, corpuscular copper levels were low before dialysis and did not change after dialysis. Serum zinc concentrations before dialysis were low and significantly increased after dialysis. Corpuscular zinc levels before dialysis were high, but were unchanged after dialysis. There was a good correlation between serum zinc levels and red blood cell counts (RBC) and the value of haemoglobin (Hb), whereas we found no significant correlation between levels of serum or corpuscular copper and zinc, and of RBC, Hb, haematocrit or serum iron.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Intraoperative radiotherapy in the definitive treatment of localized carcinoma of the prostate.

A preliminary analysis of the effectiveness of intraoperative radiotherapy with an electron beam for the treatment of prostatic cancer in 14 patients is presented. The perineal approach was employed as an operative procedure for placing a treatment cone onto the tumor. The electron energy used for irradiation ranged from 10 to 14 MeV. Of five patients treated by intraoperative radiotherapy alone, four who received single doses of 3000 to 3500 cGy achieved local control. One of these patients, however, who received 3000 cGy, had a local recurrence occurred at the sixth year after the treatment. A patient treated with 2800 cGy failed. A single dose of 2000 or 2500 cGy was delivered intraoperatively to nine patients as a boost dose in conjunction with external irradiation of 5000 cGy for the treatment of pelvic lymph nodes. All nine patients achieved local control. None of the 14 patients developed any serious complication of the bladder, urethra or rectum, which has been associated with intraoperative electron irradiation. Although no definite conclusion can be drawn at present because of the small number of patients and insufficient follow-up, the results suggest that single doses of 3300 cGy by intraoperative radiotherapy alone or 2500 cGy as a boost in conjunction with external radiotherapy can be curative for prostatic cancer with minimal morbidity.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Structural proteins of the opaque muscle fibers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

We studied the structural proteins of the "opaque fibers" (OFs) in muscle biopsies from 12 patients, aged 4 to 24 years, with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The electrophoretic patterns of myofibrillar proteins indicated three groups of opaque fibers: the first (OF a) had an almost normal electrophoretogram, the second (OF b1) showed a clear decrease of 55,000 dalton protein (desmin), and the third (OF b2) exhibited a great reduction in alpha-actinin and desmin. The data suggest that some OFs are pathologic fibers in the degenerative process of Duchenne dystrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effects of hyperprolactinaemia on reproduction in male mice.

Hyperprolactinaemia induced by pituitary isografts in male host mice was confirmed by radioimmunoassay, but plasma testosterone levels determined by radioimmunoassay in these mice showed no changes. Immunoenzyme electron microscopic observations revealed large spherical-shaped immunoreactive prolactin granules in pituitary grafts in male hosts, regardless of the sex of the donor mice, indicating the disappearance of sexual dimorphism in prolactin-producing cells in hyperprolactinaemic mice. In hyperprolactinaemic host mice the male accessory sex glands, particularly the seminal vesicle and the ventral prostate, exhibited considerable proliferation and significant increase in weight. These phenomena do not seem to be mediated by the increased action of testosterone. Such biological effects in host mice were much greater when the donor was female rather than male, and were more noticeable in C57BL mice than in C3H mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Androgen receptor and 5 alpha-reductase activity in the epithelium and the stroma of human benign prostatic hyperplasia].

An average of 20 X 10(6) nucleated cells were obtained from 1 g tissue of human benign prostatic hyperplasia by mechanical separation technique. Of these cells, 96.2% showed acid phosphatase activity and this was 10 times higher than the remaining stromal fraction on a protein base. The total activity of 5 alpha-reductase was 81 times higher in stroma than epithelium and the total activity of 3(beta)-oxidoreductase was 29 times higher in stroma. Androgen receptor amount measured in total tissue, epithelium and stroma were 100, 29 and 62 fmol R1881/mg DNA, respectively. These results suggest that androgen metabolism takes place mainly in the stroma of human BPH tissue, and that BPH is probably the disease of prostatic stroma.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1985

[Evaluation of the clinical effect of lisuride hydrogen maleate (SH-1072) on benign prostatic hypertrophy: on the clinical results and mechanism of action].

Lisuride hydrogen maleate (LHM, SH-1072), a dopaminergic agonist and therefore an inhibitor of prolactin (PRL) secretion, were administered to 12 patients with mild to moderate BPH in order to evaluate the clinical effectiveness. LHM was administered 75 or 150 mcg/day, po, for 20 weeks on the average. The status of micturition evaluated by score points and nocturnal frequency of urination was significantly improved, whereas objective responses such as on the amount of residual urine, size of the prostate gland, findings of urethrocystography and the length of prostatic urethra measured on the film were minimal. Serum PRL level have been reduced significantly through the therapy, and testosterone were unchanged. The mechanism of action of the agent on BPH and the surrounding tissue was discussed; reduced androgen effect on the prostate through lowering of PRL and anti-alpha-adrenergic activity or the effect through prostaglandin on the gland, the bladder neck and the posterior urethra would mitigate the symptoms.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Problems in the management of testicular cancer].

Within the last decade, progress in the management of testicular cancer has been remarkable. It has become a well-known fact that chemotherapy with or without excision of residual tumors can cure far-advanced disease. There are, as yet, unsolved problems such as the management of stage I disease, role of surgery in the treatment of stage III non-seminomatous testicular cancer and testicular damages by chemotherapy and so on. These problems will be discussed in this paper.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Sequential combination chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, peplomycin, methotrexate, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II), cytosine arabinoside and 5-fluorouracil, for advanced urothelial cancer].

Two VPM-CisCF chemotherapy regimens (vincristine (VCR), peplomycin (PEP), methotrexate (MTX), cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP), cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), established using human bladder cancer xenografts in nude mice were applied for advanced urothelial cancer. VPM-CisCF (I) consisted of 0.4 mg/m2 VCR on days 1 and 4, 2 mg/m2 PEP on days 1-7, 2 mg/m2 MTX on days 2, 3, 5 and 6, 20 mg/m2 CDDP on days 8, 20 mg/m2 Ara-C on days 8 and 13, and 150 mg/m2 5-FU on days 10-12. VPM-CisCF (II) consisted of 0.6 mg/m2 VCR on days 1 and 3, 3 mg/m2 PEP on days 1-4, 3 mg/m2 MTX on days 2 and 3, 35 mg/m2 CDDP on day 4, 20 mg/m2 Ara-C on days 4 and 7, and 200 mg/m2 5-FU on days 5 and 6. These doses were adjusted for each case: the above mentioned dose x [(80/(40 + Age))2 + (Karnofsky's performance status/100)2]. VPM-CisCF (I) was administered to 6 patients (bladder cancer and transitional cell carcinoma), intra-arterially in two cases. One patient showed a complete response and survived for 7 months, three partial response (PR) surviving for 13, 8 and 37 (arterial-infused case) months, one showed minor response (MR) surviving for 4 months, and one had no change (NC) surviving for 5 months. VPM-CisCF (II) was administered to 11 patients (1 ureteral cancer, 1 renal pelvic cancer, 9 bladder cancer, and 10 transitional cell carcinoma except a case of mixed type of transitional cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma). Four of the patients who had PR survived for 9, 8, 8 and 7 (alive) months, two who had MR survived for 8 and 4 months, three who had NC survived for 6, 4 and 4 months, and who two had progressive disease survived for 8 and 6 months. The major toxicities were myelosuppression and gastrointestinal symptoms, especially nausea and vomiting, but the treatment was well-tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Percutaneous renal cyst puncture].

Ultrasound-guided renal cyst puncture was performed on 31 cysts which were then 95% ethanol instilled to prevent recurrence of cystic fluid. Ethanol was allowed to remain in place for 20 minutes and removed through the catheter. Morphological improvement was observed on IVP and Tc-99m-DMSA renal scintigram, and DMSA renal uptake rate increased slightly. The cystic wall became thicker, and cystic fluid did not remain any more. The renal tissue near the cyst was intact. One third of the patients had hotflush and/or somewhat drunken sense but these symptoms were only temporary. This method of therapy is a safe and effective way of treating renal cysts.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Renal function study by 99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy in each treatment of staghorn calculi].

From 1976 through 1984, 94 staghorn calculi of 86 patients were treated in this department. Kidney function was assessed by Tc-DMSA renal scintigraphy consisting of renal cortical imaging and DMSA renal uptake rate, in 84 kidneys preoperatively and 43 kidneys pre- and postoperatively. There was an increase in the postoperative DMSA renal uptake in the operated kidney, in 3 out of 14 kidneys in which pyelolithotomy was performed and in one out of 10 kidneys in which nephrolithotomy was done. It was still impossible to answer the question of which mode of operation should be chosen only from consideration of kidney function study. But it was suggested by the statistical investigation that nephrectomy seemed to be selected in the case of severely decreased renal function. It was reasonable that pyelolithotomy was the best method from the point of predicting the postoperative recovery of renal function. But in the near future, advances in endoscopical stone surgery and extracorporeal procedures, might reduce the damage of the renal function caused by conventional stone surgery.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

[Antitumor effect of JM-8 (a cisplatin analogue) on testicular cancer cells in vitro and in vivo].

Using transplantable testicular tumor lines serially passaged in nude mice, the antitumor effect of JM-8, an analogue compound of cisplatin, was evaluated by clonogenic assay and in nude mice. JM-8 exhibited compatible tumor growth inhibition to that of 8 to 10 times the concentration of cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, JM-8 had less toxicity than cisplatin in vivo. However, when JM-8 was adopted for treatment of regrowing tumors after repeated manipulations with cisplatin, it exerted less growth inhibition than cisplatin. Apart from this effect, it was considered that JM-8 could be substituted for cisplatin in clinical use.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Compensatory changes in beta 2-microglobulin handling in the remnant tubules after contralateral nephrectomy. Observations of beta 2-microglobulin excretion into the urine].

Serum and urinary beta 2-microglobulin (S-, U-beta 2MG), and creatinine clearance (C-cr) were examined in 41 nephrectomy cases, and changes in glomerular and tubular handling of beta 2MG such as filtered beta 2MG (Fil-beta 2MG), reabsorption of beta 2MG (Reab-beta 2MG) and fractional excretion of beta 2MG (FE-beta 2MG) were studied. Serum creatinine (S-cr) and S-beta 2MG increased significantly after nephrectomy. C-cr decreased immediately after nephrectomy (80%), but recovered up to 87% in 2 to 4 days postoperatively. Fil-beta 2MG decreased immediately after nephrectomy, but increased up to more than the preoperative level in 2 to 4 days postoperatively. On the other hand, Reab-beta 2MG decreased significantly immediately after nephrectomy, and it took 5 to 8 days until recovery. Consequently, urinary excretion of beta 2MG (Ex-beta 2MG) and FE-beta 2MG increased significantly 0 to 4 days postoperatively. These increases in Ex-beta 2MG and FE-beta 2MG were much higher than those seen in diabetic nephropathy, cadmium nephropathy and Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP) intoxication, and were not due to drug intoxication such as general anesthesia or antibiotics, but due to glomerulo-tubular unbalance. Clinical data of renal tubular handling of beta 2-microglobulin in cases of interferon therapy or unilateral nephrectomy revealed many interesting aspects of glomerulo-tubular adaptations, and micropuncture study or isolated tubule perfusion study are awaited.

Adolescent↗