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Biomedical subjects

O Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to O Yoshida.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Aluminum transport and dialysance during haemodialysis.

Aluminum transfer and dialysance during haemodialysis and plasma aluminum concentrations in haemodialysis patients were examined. Plasma aluminum in 30 volunteer outpatients tended to decrease after 5-hour dialysis (6.35 +/- 3.02 micrograms/dl before haemodialysis; 5.41 +/- 2.60 micrograms/dl after haemodialysis). The decrease was mainly due to diffusion despite haemoconcentration evidenced by a significant increase in the haematocrit and total plasma protein during dialysis. To study the changes resulting from diffusion, we measured aluminum in the arterial blood and in the dialysate at the inflow and outflow sites of the dialyzer. There was a non-significant decrease in the plasma aluminum of arterial blood from 6.20 +/- 2.90 to 5.64 +/- 2.55 micrograms/dl, but a significant increase in the dialysate aluminum from 0.38 +/- 0.18 micrograms/dl to 1.10 +/- 0.66 micrograms/dl. Aluminum diffused across the dialyzer from the blood to the dialysate in 23 cases and into the blood in 7 others. When aluminum dialysance is high, plasma aluminum can be removed to the dialysate during haemodialysis.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1988

Eosinophilic sclerosing lipogranuloma of the male genitalia not caused by exogenous lipids.

A type of sclerosing lipogranuloma of the male genitalia that is different from cases caused by injection or application of foreign bodies is reported in 4 patients. The characteristics of the disease are a symmetrical Y-shape of the granuloma, spontaneous regression, severe infiltration of eosinophils in the granuloma, eosinophilia of the peripheral blood and absence of any exogenous lipids by chemical analyses of the granuloma tissue. Ultrastructural study showed intracytoplasmic fat vacuoles of varied size in histiocytes and multinuclear giant cells. This is a new type of sclerosing lipogranuloma of the male genitalia and the pathogenesis of the disease is still unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Contraction of urinary bladder by central norepinephrine originating in the locus coeruleus.

Studies were performed to elucidate the role of the locus coeruleus, which is rich in norepinephrine-containing cell bodies, in vesical function using alpha-chloralose anesthetized cats. Stimulation of the locus coeruleus caused contraction of the urinary bladder, which was not affected by transection of the bilateral hypogastric nerves, but blocked by intravenous administration of hexamethonium, a ganglion blocking agent. In animals with transected hypogastric nerves, the locus coeruleus-induced contraction was inhibited by intrathecal administration of phentolamine (alpha-blocker) and prazosin (alpha 1-blocker), but not affected by intrathecal sotalol (beta-blocker) or yohimbine (alpha 2-blocker). In animals treated with reserpine, the locus coeruleus-induced contraction was enhanced by intravenous application of L-dopa, a precursor of norepinephrine. These results suggest that norepinephrine derived from the locus coeruleus activated preganglionic neurons in the sacral intermediolateral nuclei via alpha 1-receptors, thereby producing urinary bladder contraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Measurement of multidrug-resistance messenger RNA in urogenital cancers; elevated expression in renal cell carcinoma is associated with intrinsic drug resistance.

We measured the levels of messenger RNA of the human multidrug-resistance gene (MDR1) in 25 urogenital tumors before chemotherapy. Many of the renal cell carcinomas continued to express MDR1 gene at high levels, reflecting the increased expression of MDR1 RNA in normal kidneys. In other urogenital tumors, the MDR1 RNA levels were low reflecting low MDR1 RNA levels in normal bladder, prostate and testis. For comparative purposes, we performed in vitro chemosensitivity testing on many tumor samples using soft agar culture techniques. Vinblastine sensitivity in vitro inversely correlated with MDR1 RNA levels (p less than 0.01). Moreover, mean sensitivity of seven renal cell carcinomas to vinblastin was significantly lower than that of the other seven cancers (p less than 0.05). As for doxorubicin, mean sensitivity of six renal cell carcinomas was lower than the others (p less than 0.1). These results suggest that the high MDR1 RNA levels in renal cell carcinomas are associated with intrinsic multidrug-resistance.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1988

Effects of retinoids and inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism on tumor-promoter-induced soft agar colony formation of mouse epidermal cells and rat urinary bladder cells.

Effects of retinoids and inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism on tumor-promoter-induced soft agar colony formation of mouse epidermal cells and rat bladder cells were evaluated. Topical application of retinoic acid, an anti-tumor-promoter, to female SENCAR mouse skin inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced soft agar colony formation of mouse epidermal cells, an event proposed to be essential for tumor promotion. Effects of dietary retinyl acetate, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and quinacrine hydrochloride on colony formation of rat bladder cells were then examined. Male Fischer 344 rats were given 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine for 3 weeks, followed immediately by the administration for 9 weeks of 5% sodium saccharin supplemented with or without 0.05% retinyl acetate, 0.1% NDGA or 0.01% quinacrine hydrochloride. Saccharin-induced colony growth was significantly inhibited by the administration of retinyl acetate or NDGA, suggesting that these two agents have anti-tumor-promoting effects on rat bladder carcinogenesis. Thus, the colony-forming assay might be useful for early detection of anti-tumor-promoters of skin and bladder.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Pulmonary nodules simulating metastasis of germ cell tumor after aggressive chemotherapy.

We describe a patient in whom pulmonary nodules developed without infectious symptoms during treatment with bleomycin, cis-platinum, vinblastine and etoposide combination chemotherapy for metastatic extra-gonadal germ cell tumor. At thoracotomy only fibrosis was found. In this case, false-positive elevation of alpha-fetoprotein and the CT scan appearance made us interpret the pulmonary nodules as new metastatic lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Clinical evaluation of urethral tumors based on a simple classification system.

A simplified classification for primary urethral tumors is proposed. The T stage for tumors of male or female and of the upper or lower urethra has been combined into a single system. The system has been applied to 104 cases of urethral tumors. Although the cases were not necessarily very well qualified, a retrospective survival study demonstrated a general trend to a poorer prognosis in higher stages. Such a unified system might be useful for a simple classification of urethral tumors, a rare neoplasm with various clinical manifestations depending on sex or tumor site.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

[Hypomagnesemia following chemotherapy of disseminated testicular tumors].

Sixteen patients with metastatic testicular cancer were treated with combination chemotherapy including cisplatin (CDDP) at 3- to 4-week intervals for two to five courses. There was a sequential fall in serum magnesium with each course of therapy: 13 of the 16 patients (81%) became hypomagnesemic, and the median magnesium nadir was 1.67 mg/dl. Serum magnesium nadir levels gradually decreased according to the cumulative CDDP dose. Acute clinical effects of the hypomagnesemia were observed in 4 patients, 2 of them complained of neuromuscular disturbance in the extremities, one of cardiac arrhythmia, and the other of Raynaud's phenomenon. The median time to the onset of hypomagnesemia was 67 days and the duration of hypomagnesemia was 24 days. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) decreased gradually according to the cumulative CDDP dose, and the mean Ccr declined from 87.2 ml/min before therapy to 55.8 ml/min. In 3 out of 16 patients, an irreversible decrease to below 50 ml/min was seen after chemotherapy. In patients with normal renal function treated by VAB-6 regimen, creatinine clearance (Ccr) decreased transiently during each course of chemotherapy and returned to the pretreatment level during the interval. The mean creatinine clearance declined from 90.7 ml/min before therapy to 82.9 ml/min after three courses of induction chemotherapy. Urinary excretion of beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2MG) increased transiently before Ccr began to decrease during each course of chemotherapy. Serum potassium and calcium concentrations decreased transiently probably due to urinary losses but there was no significant relationship between hypopotassemia, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Complete remission of stage III penile cancer by multidisciplinary treatment: report of a case].

A case of penile cancer with bilateral metastatic inguinal lymph nodes in a 68-year-old male is reported. We used combination chemotherapy with methotrexate, bleomycin, and cisplatin for 2 courses before ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy. The surgical specimen of ilioinguinal lymph nodes revealed no viable tumors. It is clear that this combination therapy was effective against metastatic penile cancer and the role of preoperative chemotherapy is becoming increasingly important in metastatic penile cancer. This chemotherapy and surgical approach deserves additional trial in patients with metastatic penile cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Chemotherapy of carcinoma of the prostate and testis: experimental study in vivo and in vitro].

Prostate cancer: Considering the stagnation in chemotherapy of prostate cancer in recent years, the following experiments were carried out to determine their clinical value. Surgical specimens from 6 patients, 2 permanent cell lines (EB 33 and PC 93) originated from human prostate cancer and a tumor line serially transplanted in nude mice (PC-NCC) were subjected to chemosensitivity tests such as human tumor cloning assay (HTCA) and/or in vivo tumor growth curve experiments using nude mice. The possible chemosensitive drugs screened by using surgical specimens and PC-NCC tumor were cisplatinum (CDDP), bleomycin (BLM), 5-FU, vincristine (VCR), adriamycin (ADM) and methotrexate (MTX). Most of these drugs were also judged as "effective" by HTCA using a permanent cell line. The minimal discrepancy among them may lead to the conclusion that an in vitro assay using a cell line can substitute for the assay using surgical specimens which can not be obtained frequently. Partly based on the data obtained a chemotherapy regimen, VPM-CisCF, consisting of VCR, peplomycin, MTX, CDDP, cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and 5-FU, was designed. The effectiveness of this regimen was demonstrated experimentally. Testis cancer: Two different lines of experiments were performed. A human testicular cancer serially transplanted in nude mice was repeatedly exposed to CDDP in vivo to obtain hyposensitivity to this drug. The synergistic effect of CDDP and VP-16 was demonstrated in the tumor thus obtained. One of its mechanisms has been suggested by partial accumulation of cancer cells in the G1-S and G2-M phase in which CDDP exerts its potential effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Genital Paget's disease with general metastasis: a case report].

A 74-year-old man with the chief complaint of ulceration of penile shaft and scrotal swelling was referred to our hospital on November 7, 1985. Biopsy specimen of the local lesion histologically revealed invasive adenocarcinoma with Paget's cell. Clinical studies revealed a high serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level and regional lymph node metastasis was highly suspected. We concluded that the patient was suffering from Stage II genital Paget's disease. Emasculation, bil-inguinal and pelvic lymph node dissection, and free skin mesh grafting were performed on December 24, 1985. Histological findings of the tumor confirmed Paget's disease and bil-inguinal and pelvic lymph node metastases. CEA staining showed CEA positive malignant cells in both the primary lesion and metastatic lymph nodes. After operation, the rapid deterioration of the patient's condition was accompanied by extremely high serum CEA levels, obstructive jaundice, and evidence of metastasis to the liver. He died 24 days after operation and autopsy could not be performed. We recommend aggressive treatment when clinical studies reveal invasion to the epidermis, high serum CEA levels and lymph node metastasis.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

The validity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the staging of bladder cancer: comparison with computed tomography (CT) and transurethral ultrasonography (US).

The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of bladder cancer was accomplished in 26 patients who had histologically proven transitional cell carcinoma through transurethral resection. All 26 patients were simultaneously studied by computed tomography (CT) and 21 were also studied by transurethral ultrasonography (US) before surgery or preoperative irradiation. The evaluations of the MRI and CT were carried out by the same radiologist and urologist postoperatively; the evaluation of the US was carried out by several urologists preoperatively, and their results compared with the postoperative pathological findings. The staging accuracy for pT2 tumors and above for each imaging modality was as follows. MRI: sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 71.4%, accuracy 76.9%; CT: sensitivity 58.3%, specificity 42.8%, accuracy 50%; US: sensitivity 100%, specificity 70%, accuracy 85.7%. The results of the staging with regard to extravesical extensions were as follows. MRI: sensitivity 60%, specificity 85.7%, accuracy 80.8%; CT: sensitivity 60%, specificity 81%, accuracy 76.9%. On the other hand, the sensitivity of US was 25%, specificity 94.1% and accuracy was 81%. The higher the pathological staging, the more the diagnostic accuracy was likely to be increased with MRI and CT, but diminished for US. There were three cases of pT1 tumors being over-diagnosed by US, but two of them were accurately staged by MRI. The other 11 cases, diagnosed as T2 or above by US, were only minimally overstaged or understaged by MRI. MRI seemed able to overcome the disadvantage of US which tended to over-diagnose pT1 tumors and which was not suitable for use in diagnosing infiltrative tumors correctly. CT seemed useless for local staging.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical application of MRI for urological malignancy. 1: Usefulness of various imaging modalities for local staging of prostatic cancer; a comparison between MRI, CT and transrectal ultrasonography].

Twenty-three pathologically revealed prostatic cancer patients were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and transrectal ultrasonography, (US) and 6 of them underwent radical prostatectomy. A localized prostatic cancer was identified as a low intensity area in the outer zone with high intensity or showed a partial or total destruction of the border line between the internal and the outer zone when cancer invaded into the internal zone from the outer zone, on T2 weighted image of MRI, as we have already reported. On US, a localized prostatic cancer was identified as a hypoehoic area in the outer zone, and showed a heterogeneous image when cancer enlarged. On CT, a localized cancer could not be identified. A diagnostic criteria for local staging by MRI was made and preoperative staging were done in 6 total prostatectomy cases. The accuracy of preoperative staging of cancer seemed to be the highest by MRI, because it was more accurate in diagnosing the extracapsular invasion, seminal vesicle invasion and bladder neck invasion of the tumor than by CT and US.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical application of MRI for urological malignancy. 2: Usefulness of various imaging modalities for local staging of bladder cancer; a comparison between MRI, CT and transurethral ultrasonography].

MRI of bladder cancer was accomplished in 28 patients. All of the 28 patients were simultaneously studied by CT, and 22 were also studied by transurethral US before operation. MRI is not as useful as US for local staging of bladder cancer. However, MRI is more useful for diagnosing extravesical extension and covers the deficit of the overdiagnosing tendency of US.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Effects of etidronate disodium (EHDP) on urogenital malignancies with bone metastasis: a multicentered collaborative evaluation].

Clinical effects of EHDP on relief of bone pain, changes in bone lesions on X-ray and 99mTc-MDP scintigram and performance status were investigated in 19 patients with bone metastasis from urogenital cancers (4 renal cell cancers, 1 renal pelvic cancer, 4 bladder cancers and 10 prostatic cancers). EHDP was effective in relieving bone pain in prostatic cancer patients with osteoblastic lesions. Bone lesions on X-ray and 99mTc-MDP scintigram were slightly improved in prostatic cancer patients with osteoblastic lesions. Administration of EHDP did not improve the performance status. Changes in laboratory data such as serum alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium and urinary total hydroxy-proline following EHDP administration indicated inhibition of osteolytic activity with no effect on bone formation in the early period of treatment (in 4 weeks) and development of both osteolytic activity and bone formation in the later period (from 8 to 12 weeks). No marked side effects were observed. EHDP seems to be effective in relieving bone pain in prostatic cancer patients with osteoblastic bone metastasis. Moreover, some diphosphonate groups including EHDP are expected to be useful to the patients with malignant hypercalcemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Studies of clinical efficacy of ofloxacin against male urethritis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis].

A multi-institutional clinical study was performed on the efficacy of Ofloxacin against chlamydial urethritis in males between January and June, 1987. Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 68 (38.2%) among 178 patients with male urethritis by the antichlamydial FITC monoclonal antibody technic (Micro Trak). Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated in 51 patients (28.7%) and C. trachomatis was also detected in 8 of them. Ofloxacin was administered at a dosage of 600 mg divided into 3 doses for 14 days. One hundred and forty-eight patients including 53 with chlamydial urethritis were evaluable for clinical efficacy. C. trachomatis did not disappear in 6 patients (13.6%) and 2 (8.3%) after the therapy for 7 and 14 days, respectively. After 7 days of therapy, both the pathogen and urethral excretions had disappeared from 79.6% of the patients with chlamydial urethritis, and from 84.8% of those with gonorrheal urethritis; and after 14 days of therapy they had disappeared from 94.1 and 90.9% of the patients, respectively.

Adult↗