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Biomedical subjects

O Tokunaga

Publications and source records attributed to O Tokunaga.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Atherosclerosis and endothelium. Part II. Properties of aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells cultured at various ambient pressures.

Human aortic endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were cultured at various ambient pressures and their properties were examined. The following results were obtained. 1) Endothelial cells were damaged when cultured at higher ambient pressures of 80 and 160 mmHg. This left cellular islands with central confluence showing no evident growth because of strong contact inhibition. 2) Aortic endothelial cells released high levels of prostacyclin, with significantly elevated release at higher ambient pressures, while intimal SMCs released a small amount of prostacyclin, and medial SMCs a minimal amount. 3) Prostacyclin release by aortic endothelial cells was inhibited in the presence of low concentrations of linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LAHO). Intimal and medial SMCs, however, showed no LAHO inhibition. These results indicate that the properties of both endothelial cells and SMCs vary according to in vitro and probably in vivo conditions. Their specific roles in the pathogenesis of various vascular disorders including atherosclerosis should be carefully considered.

Aorta↗
PubMed1989

[Pseudolymphoma of the bladder: a case report].

We report a 63 year-old female with solid, nonpapillary, and smooth-surfaced bladder tumescence of approximately 30 and 7 mm in diameter. Biopsy of the tumor and other apparently normal epithelium revealed dense lymphocytic infiltrations with formation of many lymph follicles. Because of the relatively large nodular form of the lesion we regarded this to be pseudolymphoma of the bladder rather than follicular cystitis. Pseudolymphoma in the bladder has not yet been reported in English literatures to our knowledge. The tumorous changes have disappeared by 6 months after the initial 3 week chemotherapy.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

Atherosclerosis- and age-related multinucleated variant endothelial cells in primary culture from human aorta.

Endothelial cells were cultured from human aortas and inferior venae cavae of autopsied subjects ranging in age from infancy to 85 years. Endothelial cells in 32 of more than 100 attempted cultures were pure enough for evaluation. Emerged endothelial cells in primary culture were classified into two types: typical endothelium and variant endothelium. Typical endothelial cells were small, round to polygonal shaped, and were arranged uniformly. Their diameter ranged from 50 to 70 microns. Variant endothelial cells were larger, ranging from 100 to 200 microns in diameter, and giant endothelial cells measuring more than 250 microns in diameter were scattered among them. Variant endothelial cells were usually multinucleated and possessed endothelium-specific markers of vWF and Weibel-Palade bodies. No incorporation of [3H]thymidine was found in the nuclei of cultured variant endothelial cells. Although most cultured endothelial cells were of the typical type, variant endothelial cells were interspersed throughout the culture. The ratio of variant endothelial cells to typical cells correlated well with the severity of atherosclerosis, but less so with aging. The number of variant endothelial cells in cultures from inferior venae cavae was slight and constant throughout all age groups. The presence of multinucleated endothelial cells in in vivo aortas was confirmed by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. They sometimes existed in colonies in the aortas from elderly subjects with intimal-thickened or advanced atherosclerotic lesions. These results indicate that variant endothelial cells were present in vivo and their ratio in primary culture reflected the in vivo population. It is likely that these cells were formed by adhesion of adjacent typical endothelial cells and that this process was affected more by atherosclerosis than by aging. Although it is not clear if the multinucleated variant cells were formed before the formation of atherosclerotic plaque or after the plaque formation, they will contribute to further development of atherosclerotic lesions, which in turn cause malfunction of the cell membrane. We suggest that there is a cyclic effect of these processes for multiplication of the variant endothelial cells and advancement of atherosclerotic lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Pseudolymphoma of the stomach. A clinicopathologic study of 15 cases.

Fifteen cases of gastric pseudolymphoma (GPL) were studied and classified into three subtypes: The nodular type, which is elevated, representing a submucosal tumor. Histologically, the tumor is composed of lymphoid hyperplasia with no associated ulcer. The lesion is well demarcated with no sinusoidal structure. Those findings indicate a nonreactive state. The ulcerative type, which usually is accompanied by deep ulceration with extensive fibrosis. The erosive type, which is infiltrated by extensive lymphoid hyperplasia in the propria mucosa and submucosa. The latter two types represent the reactive state in response to chronic gastric ulcer or inflammation. One of four ulcerative GPLs, however, was associated with focal malignant lymphoma which accounted for one of the fifteen GPL studied. Although there is a low incidence of malignant lymphoma among GPL patients, pseudolymphoma should be considered as a precursor lesion with malignant potential.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Properties of endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell cultured in ambient pressure.

Cultures of umbilical vein endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were studied in a constant pressure chamber. The following results were obtained: (a) Endothelial cell growth was maximal at 80 mmHg and minimal at 0 mmHg (atmospheric pressure) for the first 2 d of incubation. However, these growth rates were reversed during the following 6 d because of steady increase in growth at 0 mmHg, and a decrease in growth at higher pressures. A degeneration of endothelial cells began at 120 mmHg and marked degeneration was noted at 160 mmHg. Growth of smooth muscle cells was not influenced by ambient pressure and a steady increase in labeled nuclei continued throughout the period of culture. (b) Elastin, stainable with tannic acid, was noted electronmicroscopically in both endothelial and smooth muscle cells. (c) Production of prostacyclin by endothelial cells was maximal at 0 mmHg and minimal at 80 mmHg, in contrast to the growth pattern of these cells. Production of thromboxane B2 by endothelial cells and prostacyclin and thromboxane B2 by smooth muscle cells was very slight and not significantly different. Although it is not known at present what mechanism acts on the vascular cells when cultured in ambient pressure, these results may indicate a new concept of the behavioral relationship between endothelial cell, smooth muscle cell, and blood pressure in vivo.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1987

Atherosclerosis and endothelium. Part 1. A simple method of endothelial cell culture from human atherosclerotic aorta.

A simple and highly reproducible culture method of aortic endothelial cells from cadaver is herein reported. Major bacterial contamination could be prevented by administration of an antibiotic cocktail consisting of gentamicin, ampicillin, and amphotericin B. Endothelial cells from the thoracic aorta were viable up to 17 hours postmortem and successfully culturable from the aorta by dispase desquamation from the subendothelial substrate. The cultured cells varied in size and shape depending on the degree of individual atherosclerotic severity and could be divided into two major subtypes. The first type is a small and polygonal uniform cell (typical endothelial cell) and the second type is a mixture of spindle and giant bizarre cells often associated with multinuclei (variant endothelial cell). Both types of endothelial cells have characteristics specific for endothelium, such as factor VIII related surface antigen, Weibel-Palade body, and high productivity of prostacyclin.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Sequence analysis in the E1 region of adenovirus type 4 DNA.

Adenovirus type 4 (Ad4) is the sole member of adenovirus group E based on overall DNA sequence homology, restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns, and the size of capsid proteins. We cloned the BamHI-F fragment from the left end of Ad4 in pUC13-1 between the SalI and BamHI sites in order to carry out the structural analysis of the E1A region of Ad4. The complete sequence of the BamHI-F fragment (2042 bp) has been determined. From the DNA sequence, the splice sites for the putative 12 S and 13 S mRNAs, encoded by the E1A region of Ad4 were deduced. If protein synthesis initiates at the first available AUG triplet (position 575), these 12 S and 13 S mRNAs would code for polypeptides containing 226 and 257 amino acids, respectively. Comparison of Ad4- and Ad7-13 S mRNA-coded polypeptides indicates that there is 57% homology, whereas the homology is only 38% with Ad12 and 31% with Ad2-13 S mRNA-coded polypeptides. The structural analysis in the E1 region of Ad4 also includes the coding region for the E1B 19-kDa protein. Ad4 and Ad7 shows 65% homology in the coding regions for E1B 19-kDa protein. Comparison of the DNA sequence of Ad4 with those of Ad2, Ad7, and Ad12 by using a dot matrix computer program and by Southern hybridization revealed that Ad4 bears a stronger homology with Ad7 than with Ad2 and Ad12 in this region. Hydropathy plots and alignments of the putative polypeptides coded by this region in Ad4 with those from the corresponding regions of different serotypes to reveal the highly conserved domains also support the above conclusion.

Adenovirus Early Proteins↗
PubMed1986

Microvibration-related responses to optokinetic stimulation.

The body surface of all warm-blooded animals vibrates constantly. This phenomenon was termed microvibration (MV) by Rohracher. Since 1961 Kawata and students have been studying MV otolaryngologically and they detected slight changes with auditory and vestibular stimuli in the waves of MV. The authors observed changes in the MV responses in the upper extremities, in the presence of optokinetic stimulation. They found a close relationship between the direction of optokinetic stimulation and changes in the MV response. Therefore, these observations suggest that for MV recording, optic stimulation can be used to test the oculospinal reflex.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh disease): report of a case with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

More than 100 cases of Leigh disease have been reported. None have shown Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. We report here the first known case of Leigh disease with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and discuss the clinical course in detail. A 3 1/2-year-old-boy was admitted with multiple symptoms and despite various therapies he died at age of ten years. Serial CT showed marked cerebral atrophy, ventricular dilatation, and an arachnoid cyst in the posterior fossa. Histopathological findings on autopsy of the brain and spinal cord were consistent with those characteristic of Leigh disease. In the chronic course of Leigh disease, the cerebral cortex was also involved and the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome might be complicated.

Brain Diseases, Metabolic↗
PubMed1985

Gross and microscopic characteristics of stomach cancer with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and/or disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.

We described gross and microscopic characteristics of 11 autopsied cases of stomach cancer with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and/or disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. They were divided into two groups grossly. One was superficial carcinoma and the other diffuse infiltrating and fungating carcinoma. Superficial carcinoma arose multicentrically and showed figures of signet ring cell carcinoma. This condition was accompanied by marked pulmonary tumor emboli and bone marrow dissemination in the initial stage of cancer evolution. Diffuse infiltrating and fungating carcinoma arose in the corpus and showed variable histological features. Dissemination of tumor cells to the bone marrow was seen in the terminal stage. Stomach cancer in this series consisted of two different groups on gross, microscopic and metastatic features. Signet ring cell of superficial carcinoma showed characteristic biological features with respect to local extension and metastasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Pseudolymphoma of the stomach. Nodular type.

A case of nodular type of pseudolymphoma of the stomach was reported. The tumor measured 3.2 by 2.0 by 0.7 cm and was located astride the greater curvature of the muscularis propria. It was composed of many germinal centers surrounded by mature lymphocytes. There was no evidence of a previous peptic ulcer. The patient is now alive without any symptoms 8 years after the operation.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1985

Adult rat heart cell culture. The morphological study of tissue fragments on various environments in culture.

This paper reports a modification of Jacobson's method for culturing adult rat heart cells after mechanical and enzyme treatment. For heart cell dissociation, it is useful to wash tissue fragments 3 times with saline A solution after enzyme treatment, and it is important to change the medium immediately after culturing heart cells in order to prevent myocardial cells from degeneration caused by the enzyme solution and toxins in the cell debris.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Difference in the inhibitory effect of linoleic acid hydroperoxide on prostacyclin biosynthesis between cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical cord vein and cultured smooth muscle cells from rabbit aorta.

The biosynthesis of prostacyclin in cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical cord vein was inhibited by linoleic acid hydroperoxide at a concentration of 0.1 nmol/ml (in terms of malondialdehyde), while that in cultured smooth muscle cells from rabbit aorta was inhibited only at a higher concentration of the hydroperoxide (5.0 nmol/ml).

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Variant endothelial cells from human carotid artery in culture.

Endothelial cells were cultured from the carotid artery with thickened intima comprised of two to five layers of smooth muscle cells, isolated from a 19-yr-old female, who died from an accident. The cells were grown and subcultured in Medium 199 supplemented with 20% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum. The cells are still viable at present, the 22nd passage. The cultured cells were found to have the following characteristics: existence of Factor VIII-related surface antigen and prostacyclin synthesis slightly less than that for typical endothelial cells. The most outstanding feature was the formation by an individual cell of a single ring, and a composite ring formed by two to five cells. Neither the synthesis of an angiotensin converting enzyme nor that of a Weibel-Palade body could be detected by electron microscopy. The cultured cells possessed only a few characteristics specific for typical endothelial cells and were designated as variant endothelial cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Ring formation by human variant endothelial cells in vitro.

Variant endothelial cells were cultured from the healthy carotid arteries of a 19-year-old woman who was killed accidentally. The cells were grown and subcultured in Medium 199 supplemented with 20% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum. The cells are still viable after 20 passages. They were recognized as variant endothelial cells by their morphology which included ring formation, and by the existence of factor VIII-related surface antigen on the cell membrane. The cultured endothelial cells produced prostacyclin when the cells were incubated with arachidonic acid in smaller amounts than does typical endothelium, but far in excess of that produced by vascular smooth muscle cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Physical mapping of the genome and sequence analysis at the inverted terminal repetition of adenovirus type 4 DNA.

The genome of adenovirus type 4 (Ad4), the unique member of Ad group E, has been mapped with nine restriction endonucleases. Comparison of the occurrence of restriction endonuclease cleavage sites on Ad2, Ad7, Ad12 and Ad4 indicates that there is very little homology between these serotypes. Sequence analysis at the ITR of Ad4 showed that the "CAT" box which is present in all the ITRs of Ad's so far sequenced is absent in Ad4. The length of 116 bp for the ITR of Ad4 is also different from that of other Ad subgroups.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1980

Measles giant cell pneumonia in childhood leukemia in remission.

A four-year old girl had acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission with immunosupressive chemotherapy and complicated giant cell pneumonia. Investigations by light and electron microscopy and immunoperoxidase study of autopsy material disclosed measles virus nature of the penumonia, although there was no typical rash of the disease. Similar giant cells were seen in the gastric and colon mucosa, and the other of Warthin-Finkeldey type in the spleen, and lymph nodes of pulmonary hiluses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first discription of gastric giant cells with inclusion of measles virus.

Child, Preschool↗