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Biomedical subjects

O Shinkawa

Publications and source records attributed to O Shinkawa.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Studies on cortisol levels in the maternal vein, umbilical artery, and umbilical vein in cases of fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia].

We measured maternal venous (MV), umbilical arterial (UA) and umbilical venous (UV) cortisol levels of 180 pregnancies at term, and investigated especially cases of fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia. No fetal distress and no neonatal asphyxia cases followed spontaneous vaginal deliveries (94), cesarean sections (18) or breech extractions (6). In cesarean section delivery, the cortisol levels of three individual samples were lower than in other modes of deliveries. The cortisol level of the umbilical artery was significantly higher than that of the umbilical vein in spontaneous vaginal delivery and cesarean section delivery. When spontaneous vaginal deliveries were classified into the fetal distress group and no fetal distress group, the cortisol levels of the umbilical artery and umbilical vein in the former group were significantly higher than those in the latter group. Furthermore, regardless of fetal distress there were significant positive correlations between the cortisol levels of MV & UA, MV & UV, and UA & UV. In addition, as the cortisol level of the maternal vein increased, the umbilical arterial-venous cortisol ratio (UA/UV) gradually approached 1.0. These data suggest that in fetal distress or neonatal asphyxia, the fetus may produce cortisol for itself independent of the mother.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1982

Correlation of birth weights with umbilical cord serum LH-hCG, FSH, beta-hCG, Estradiol, Cortisol and Testosterone levels.

Luteinizing hormone-human chorionic gonadotropin (LH-hCG), follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), estradiol, cortisol and testosterone levels were determined in cord venous serum and the correlation of birth weights with those hormone levels was investigated in 32 male and 35 female fetuses. There were significant negative correlations between LH-hCG or FSH levels and birth weights in the male fetus. Also there was a significant positive correlation between LH-hCG levels and birth weights in the female fetus. This data suggests that there is a sex difference during the development of the pituitary-gonadal axis.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1982

[Plasma ACTH, beta-lipotropin and beta-endorphin in the human fetus and their mother during delivery (author's transl)].

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) immunoreactivity (IR) and beta-endorphin (beta-EP) immunoreactivity (IR) were measured by high-sensitive radioimmunoassay in maternal and umbilical cord plasma samples which were obtained simultaneously in 12 cases. Mean IR-beta-LPH in maternal (690.1 +/- 138.6 pg/ml, +/- S.E.) and cord venous plasma (1114.8 +/- 94.2 pg/ml) were significantly higher than that of normal adults (93.0 +/- 8.2 pg/ml). Mean IR-beta -EP in maternal (125.8 +/- 24.0 pg/ml) and cord venous plasma (130.6 +/- 20.6 pg/ml) were significantly higher than that of normal adults (6.0 +/- 0.9 pg/ml). There were significant positive correlations between IR-beta-LPH and IR-beta-EP in maternal and cord venous plasma. Mean beta-EP to beta-LPH molar ratio of 0.19 +/- 0.03 in maternal plasma was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than that of cord venous plasma (0.13 +/- 0.01). There was no significant correlation between the levels of these three hormones in maternal plasma and the levels in cord venous plasma. These data suggest that ACTH, IR-beta-LPH and IR-beta-EP were elevate during labor, delivery responding the stress. Beta-LPH and beta-EP in cord venous plasma were fetal and/or placental origin.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1982

[Secretion and Sex differences in cord serum growth hormone levels of the human fetus (author's transl)].

Cord venous growth hormone (GH) and somatostatin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 86 infants and 11 anencephalic infants. 1) Cord GH levels were 69.2 +/- 20.2 ng/ml (N = 6, gestational weeks (GW) : 21-30W, mean +/- S.D.), 31.5 +/- 24.3 ng/ml (N = 11, GW : 31-36W), and 17.6 +/- 8.9 ng/ml (N = 71, GW: 37-41). In anencephalic infants, cord GH levels were significantly lower (2.3 +/- 1.4 ng/ml) than those in preterm and fullterm infants. 2) In fullterm infants, cord GH levels of small infants (19.2 +/- 9.2 ng/ml, N = 33, birth weight less than 3,250g) were significantly higher than that of large infants (15.1 +/- 8.1 ng/ml, N = 38, birth weight greater than of equal too 3,250g). On the other hands, cord somatostatin levels were relatively lower in small infants than in large infants. 3) There was a significant difference between male cord GH levels (20.6 +/- 8.9 ng/ml, N = 35) and female cord GH levels (14.6 +/- 8.0 ng/ml, N = 36). These results suggest that fetal GH secretion is suppressed by GH inhibiting factor (somatotropin release inhibiting factor) from mid gestation toward term and there is a sex difference of fetal GH secretion in fullterm fetus.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed1981

[Serum gonadotropin concentrations in preterm infants and sex difference (author's transl)].

We measured FSH and LH concentrations in 130 cord sera and 217 peripheral sera obtained from infants of 28-42 weeks in gestation, aged 5-75 days after birth, by radioimmunoassay. Cord FSH and LH levels were 3.9-13.6 mIU/ml and 43.3-88.5 mIU/ml respectively, and decreased with advancing gestation. Although FSH levels in 28-31 weeks were higher in female than in male, another sex difference was not found. Postnatal FSH levels in male preterm infants decreased within 10 day, thereafter continued low levels (3.7-5.6 mIU/ml). However, in male term infants and female infants, FSH levels increased with peak levels between 11-30 days after birth, and then decreased gradually. The elevation of FSH levels in female was more remarked and prolonged in preterm infants than in term infants. Postnatal LH levels in both male and female decreased rapidly after birth, and then had similar pattern of FSH levels. Serum gonadotropin levels during the neonatal period were higher in female than in male, except for LH in term infants (male greater than female).

Female↗
PubMed1981

[Sex differences in correlation coefficient among the cord serum levels of LH-hCG, beta-hCG, FSH, estradiol cortisol and testosterone (author's transl)].

Lutenizing hormone (LH-hCG), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), estradiol, cortisol and testosterone were determined and correlated with each hormones in 62 cord sera (32 male and 35 female infants). Mean (+/- S.E.)male cord sera cortisol concentrations (36.2 +/- 3.9 ug/dl) were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than that of female (24.1 +/- 3.7 ug/dl). Another hormones were not found significant sex difference. Regression analysis showed significant positive correlations between LH-hCG (r = 0.525, p less than 0.001) or beta-hCG (r = 0.461, p less than 0.005) levels and FSH levels in all cord sera (N = 67). In male cord sera, there were significant positive correlations between LH-hCG (r = 0.493, p less than 0.01) or beta-hCG (r = 0.485, p less than 0.01) levels and testosterone levels. There was a significant positive correlation (p less than 0.01) between estradiol levels and testosterone levels in female cord sera. These data suggest (1) the sex difference of cortisol levels which indicate the response for the stress during labor and delivery, (2) there was a significant sex difference in the maturation of the feed back mechanism in pituitary-gonadal axis.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1981

[The role and secretion of prolactin in the human fetus and neonate (author's transl)].

Prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), and estradiol-17 beta (E2-17 beta) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in umbilical venous serum from 118 full term normal infants and 11 anencephalic infants. In anencephalic infants, the concentration of GH:2.4 +/- 1.6 ng/ml (mean +/- SD, n = 11) and E2-17 beta:2.3 +/- 1.4 ng/ml (n = 6) were significantly lower than those in normal infants (GH: 16.5 +/- 9.0 ng/nl n = 65; E2-17 beta:12.4 +/- 8.0 ng/ml, n = 108). There was no significant difference of PRL levels between normal infants (324 +/- 118 ng/ml, n = 118) and anencephalic infants (253 +/- 86 ng/ml, n = 10). There was significant positive correlations between PRL and E2-17 beta levels in normal infants (p less than 0.01), and was significant negative correlation between PRL levels and birth weight (p less than 0.01). These results suggested that PRL secretion is affected by estrogens during fetal period and fetal PRL has some effects for the regulation of fetal growth as somatogenic hormone.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed1980

Effects of synthetic LH-RH and TRH on pituitary function in anencephalic infants.

The pituitary endocrine function in 4 anencephalic infants was studied by measuring the concentrations of growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in umbilical venous serum. There was no significant difference in hormone levels between the anencephalic and normal infants. The response of FSH and LH was negative after administration of 10 micrograms of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. The TSH levels after administration of 50 micrograms of TRH elevated about 4- to 6-fold over pre-administration levels. These results indicate that the hypothalamo-pituitary axis of the human fetus initiates its function from mid-pregnancy; TSH may have an autoregulating system of the pituitary itself.

Anencephaly↗