Gestosis index (EPH-gestosis); evaluation for the assessment of prognosis and condition of the newborn.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Female↗
Biomedical subjects
O Shinkawa
Publications and source records attributed to O Shinkawa.
Retrograde time-scale analysis of human placental lactogen, beta human chorionic gonadotropin, and unconjugated estriol levels in human maternal serum from the onset of spontaneous labor.
We analyzed on a retrograde time scale which calculated in maternal serum, from the onset of spontaneous labor, human placental lactogen (hPL), beta human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), unconjugated estriol (E3) levels, and the ratios among these hormones in the normal late pregnancy. Maternal serum hPL, beta-hCG, and unconjugated E3 levels were measured simultaneously and serially in regular menstrual sera from 27 women in late pregnancy (total 155 samples) by radioimmunoassay. The peak level of hPL was found at 2 weeks before labor, and the peak of beta-hCG was found during 2-4 weeks before the onset of spontaneous labor. On the other hand, the mean level of E3 rose slightly with advancing gestational age. The hormonal ratios of hPL to E3 and beta-hCG to E3 decreased gradually toward the onset of labor, but the ratios of hPL to beta-hCG did not change. From these data, it is possible to conclude that the onset of spontaneous labor can be predicted by measuring the levels of hPL and unconjugated E3 in maternal peripheral serum.
Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
Sex difference in the human peripheral plasma beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin levels.
Human plasma beta-endorphin (beta-EP) and beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) were measured simultaneously by radioimmunoassay in 4 women with regular menstrual cycle (4 follicular phase and 4 luteal phase), 5 normal men and 10 term fetuses. Mean plasma beta-EP level in the total samples of 8 women was 30.7 +/- 5.8 pg/ml (+/- SE), significantly (p less than 0.03) higher than the beta-EP level in men (12.2 +/- 2.0 pg/ml). There was no significant sex difference in fetal plasma beta-EP level. These data suggest that the existence of sex differences for beta-EP secretion and release, and opioid peptides secretion and release mechanism might change with sexual maturation, due to changing sex steroids secretion.
Adult↗
Serum cortisol levels of maternal vein, umbilical artery, and umbilical vein classified by mode of delivery.
We measured maternal venous (MV), umbilical arterial (UA), and umbilical venous (UV) cortisol levels of 180 pregnancies at term. The cortisol level of MV was higher than that of UA and UV in all deliveries. The cortisol levels of three samples had no difference between the induced labor group and the spontaneous onset of labor group regardless of delivery mode. In spontaneous vaginal delivery the cortisol levels of three individual samples were significantly higher in primipara than in multipara. The positive correlations were observed in any modes of deliveries between the cortisol levels of MV and UA, and MV and UA and UV. These data suggest that the fetus may produce cortisol by itself and maternal cortisol may inflow to the fetus.
Breech Presentation↗
Changes in placental lactogen, beta 1-chorionic gonadotropin, and unconjugated and total estriol levels in the late course of normal human pregnancy.
The levels of human placental lactogen (hPL), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), unconjugated estriol (UE3) and total estriol (TE3) were measured radioimmunologically in women along their course of pregnancy. The serum hPL and beta-hCG levels were relatively constant in uncomplicated pregnancy, while UE3 and TE3 significantly rose towards 41 weeks of gestation. There were positive correlations between hPL and beta-hCG (n = 49, r = 0.737, p less than 0.001), and between UE3 and TE3 (n = 49, r = 0.904, p less than 0.0001). The ratios of placental hormones to estriol showed moderate declines towards 41 weeks of gestation. These data suggest that the fetal adrenal function increased toward the term, while the placental peptide hormones decrease or remain unchanged. Determination of serum unconjugated estriol was found to be convenient and useful for monitoring the fetoplacental function.
Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
The human fetal prolactin and estradiol levels, and their correlationship.
Serum prolactin and estradiol-17 beta levels were determined in umbilical cord sera obtained from 33 preterm, 118 full-term and 11 anencephalic infants and in peripheral sera obtained from 5 neonates. Prolactin levels increased from mid-gestation toward term, and markedly decreased after birth. Those in anencephalic infants (253 +/- 86 ng/ml, mean +/- S.D.) were lower than in full-term infants (324 +/- 119 ng/ml), but the difference was not statistically significant. We also performed thyroid-releasing-hormone (TRH) (50-200 micrograms) test on 5 anencephalic infants, but significant changes of serum prolactin levels were not found. Estradiol-17 beta levels in anencephalic infants were significantly lower than those in full-term infants. There was a significant positive correlation between cord prolactin and estradiol-17 beta levels in full-term infants. These results suggest one of the control factors for human fetal pituitary prolactin secretion is estrogen, and hypothalamic factors are not so important.
Anencephaly↗
Simultaneous and serial measurement of serum levels of human placental lactogen, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and unconjugated estriol levels in pregnant women.
Serum levels of human placental lactogen (hPL), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and unconjugated estriol (E3) were measured simultaneously and serially in regular menstrual late pregnant women (155 samples) by radioimmunoassay. The peak of beta-hCG level was shown at 37 weeks' gestation. After that, there was a moderate decline of the beta-hCG level. Serum hPL showed the peak at 30 weeks' gestation. The level of unconjugated E3 rose toward 41 weeks' gestation. In the 155 samples, there were significant positive correlations among these hormone levels. Also, there were highly significant positive correlations between placental weight and these three hormone levels. Only unconjugated E3 level which was obtained within a week before the onset of labor had a significant positive correlation with birth weight. These data suggest that even in late pregnancy, maternal beta-hCG makes a peak and may change parallel with hPL and unconjugated E3. Only the unconjugated E3 level may be affected by fetal growth.
Birth Weight↗
Serum cortisol levels in maternal venous, umbilical arterial and umbilical venous blood at delivery in the cases of fetal distress.
We measured maternal venous (MV), umbilical arterial (UA) and umbilical venous (UV) cortisol levels in 180 term pregnancies to investigate the changes of these hormone levels in the cases of fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia. The cortisol levels in UA and UV blood in the fetal distress group were significantly higher than those in the non-fetal distress group among spontaneous vaginal delivery cases. There were significant positive correlations among the cortisol levels in MV and UA, MV and UV, and UA and UV blood, respectively. These data suggest that in the case of fetal distress or neonatal asphyxia, mother and fetus have responded independently to the stress of delivery, and that maternal cortisol might not strongly affect the fetal cortisol secretion.
Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
[Serum prolactin levels following abortion in normal and molar pregnancy].
The changes in serum specific hCG and prolactin levels were studied in 20 women after the evacuation of normal pregnancy at 5-10 weeks (group A) and 10 patients after the evacuation of molar pregnancy of 9-16 weeks (group B). The elimination of circulating hCG was faster in group A than in group B, and that in women after term delivery(group C)was faster than in both groups A and B. The half-life of the serum hCG level was 44.4 hrs in group A, 42.7hrs in group B, and 38.9hrs in group C, respectively. The mean level of serum prolactin in group A was 27.4ng/ml at 0 day, 64.5ng/ml at 4-7 days, and 31.9ng/ml at 13-15 days after evacuation, respectively. The surge was statistically significant. Though no regular tendency was found in the prolactin levels in group B, the levels were relatively higher than in group A and nonpregnant women. No correlation was found between hCG and prolactin levels in either group A or group B. The administration of drugs, such as methotrexate, did not affect the prolactin levels. On BBT, the resumption of ovulation tended to occur when the prolactin level, rather than the hCG level, returned to its normal range.
Abortion, Induced↗
Plasma somatostatin and growth hormone in the human fetus and its mother at delivery.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Female↗
Cord serum growth hormone in the human fetus. Sex difference and a negative correlation with birth weight.
Cord venous growth hormone (GH) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 88 infants and 11 anencephalic infants. The mean GH levels decreased gradually from midgestation, preterm to term fetus. There was a significant (p less than 0.01) sex difference in the GH level of term fetuses. Anencephalic infants had low GH levels. There was a significant (p less than 0.01) negative correlation between the cord GH level and birth weight in the normal infant. These data suggest that there is a sex difference for fetal GH secretion and that GH is not so important for fetal growth, but the hypothalamus plays an essential role in the regulation of fetal GH secretion.
Anencephaly↗
Human ACTH, beta-lipotropin and beta-endorphin levels in maternal plasma at delivery.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) and beta-endorphin (beta-EP) were measured simultaneously in maternal plasma at delivery. Mean concentrations of beta-LPH and beta-EP in maternal plasma at delivery were significantly higher than those in normal control. There were significant positive correlations among ACTH, beta-LPH and beta-EP concentrations, respectively. These data suggest that beta-LPH and beta-EP were elevated during delivery and in parallel with each other.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Changes of serum gonadotropin levels and sex differences in premature and mature infant during neonatal life.
We measured FSH and LH concentrations by RIA in 130 cord sera and 213 peripheral sera obtained as serially as possible from 67 infants who were 5-75 days old and were born between the 28th and 42nd gestational weeks. Cord serum FSH and LH (+hCG) levels were 3.9-13.6 mIU/ml and 43.3-88.6 mIU/ml, respectively; they decreased with advancing gestational age. Postnatal FSH levels in male infants maintained low levels (3.7-8.7 mIU/ml). However, those in female infants increased with peak levels (51.8-270.3 mIU/ml) between 11 and 30 days after delivery, and then decreased; the surge was more marked and prolonged in preterm infants than in term infants. Postnatal LH levels in both sexes decreased rapidly after birth, which may be due to a decrease of placental hCG, and thereafter displayed patterns similar to FSH levels. We found a significant sex difference of serum gonadotropin levels in newborn infants and differences between term and preterm infants. Our results suggest that the sex difference of pituitary gonadal function exists and that the function matures during the fetal and neonatal life.
Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
Simultaneous measurement of human prolactin and growth hormone levels in maternal and fetal serum and amniotic fluid.
Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) in maternal and fetal serum and amniotic fluid were measured simultaneously by radioimmunoassay at term deliveries of 20 normal mothers. The PRL level of amniotic fluid was significantly higher than that of maternal and fetal serum. The fetal GH level was significantly higher than the maternal and amniotic levels of GH. There was no significant correlation among hormone levels of maternal and fetal sera and amniotic fluid. These data suggest that PRL and GH levels of maternal and fetal sera and amniotic fluid are controlled separately.
Amniotic Fluid↗
The effect of sulpiride administration on maternal and fetal plasma prolactin levels, and fetal growth in rats.
Pregnant Wistar rats were daily injected with 5 mg sulpiride into the peritoneal cavity starting on day 14 of gestation. Blood samples were obtained from the maternal carotid artery and fetal axillary vessels on day 20 of gestation. Serum prolactin (PRL) levels were determined by radioimmunoassay using a rat PRL RIA kit. The maternal serum and fetal plasma PRL levels were significantly higher in the sulpiride-treated group than in the saline control group. There was a significant positive correlation between fetal body weight and fetal plasma PRL level. These results suggest that sulpiride which reached the fetus stimulates fetal PRL secretion and that PRL may exert a growth-promoting effect on the fetus.
Animals↗
Human plasma ACTH, beta-lipotropin and beta-endorphin during delivery.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) and beta-endorphin (beta-EP) immunoreactivities were measured by high sensitive radioimmunoassay in maternal and umbilical cord plasma samples which were obtained simultaneously in 12 cases. Mean ACTH levels in cord and maternal plasma were significantly higher than those of 8 normal adults. Mean beta-EP to beta-LPH molar ratio of 0.19 in maternal plasma was different from that of cord plasma (0.13). There was no significant correlation between beta-EP levels, or between beta-LPH levels, in the paired fetal and maternal samples. These data suggest that beta-LPH and beta-EP elevate during labor and delivery in response to the stress. Beta-LPH and beta-EP in cord plasma are of fetal and/or placental origin.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
[A study on testosterone secretion in neonates].
Serum testosterone (T) concentrations in 106 umbilical venous bloods and 104 neonatal venous bloods, which were obtained from preterm (32-36w) and term (36-41w) infants, were measured by RIA. Cord T levels of boys were higher in preterm infants than in term infants, and those of preterm infants were higher in boys than in girls. Neonatal T levels of girls decreased following delivery. But those of boys increased after 10 days of life. T levels were higher in boys than in girls at 11-30 days of life. Differences between preterm and term infants were not significant.
Female↗
[Studies on the cortisol levels in maternal vein, umbilical artery, and umbilical vein classified according to the mode of delivery].
We measured maternal venous(MV), umbilical arterial(UA), and umbilical venous(UV) cortisol levels of 180 pregnancies at term. In vacuum extraction cases, the cortisol levels of three individual samples were significantly higher than in other modes of delivery. In cesarean section delivery the cortisol levels of three individual samples were the lowest of all modes of delivery. The cortisol level of MV was higher than that of UA and UV in all deliveries. The cortisol levels of three samples showed no difference between the induced labor group and the spontaneous onset of labor group regardless of the delivery mode. In spontaneous vaginal delivery the cortisol levels of three individual samples were significantly higher in primipara than in multipara. Positive correlation was observed in all modes of delivery between the cortisol levels of MV & UA, MV & UV, and UA & UV. There was a negative correlation between the cortisol levels of MV and umbilical arteriovenous cortisol difference in multipara spontaneous vaginal deliveries. There was also a negative correlation between cortisol levels of MV and the umbilical arterial/venous ratio. These data suggest that the fetus may produce cortisol by itself and maternal cortisol may inflow to the fetus.
Female↗