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Biomedical subjects

O Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to O Nilsson.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

A study of some immunological variables in twins, discordant for multiple sclerosis.

11 twin pairs, discordant for multiple sclerosis (MS), were studied: 5 were monozygotic, 6 dizygotic. The mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) with cells from unrelated patients with MS, the natural killer cell (NK) activity, OKT 4/OKT 8 ratio, and monocyte numbers were studied. The impaired MLR seen in some patients with MS was even more pronounced in the healthy twin, irrespective of the zygosity of the twins. A reduced NK activity and a high OKT 4/OKT 8 ratio is seen in the diseased twin compared to the healthy one, more strongly indicated at monozygosity. The significance of genetics, early environment, and disease is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of splenectomy on the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats with different genetic background.

We studied the effect of total or partial splenectomy on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development in rats with different genetic background after immunization with guinea pig basic encephalitogenic protein in Freund's complete adjuvant. The operations did not affect some strains with a high susceptibility to EAE but may have reduced the EAE development in the Fischer strain, which shows only a weak susceptibility. In some hybrids and backcrosses, but not in others, splenectomy resulted in a clear-cut reduction of neurological signs of EAE. This effect may be ascribed to the elimination of contrasuppressive cell populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effects of vagal nerve stimulation on endoluminal release of serotonin and substance P into the feline small intestine.

Endoluminal release of serotonin (5-HT), substance P (SP), and motilin was quantitated after thoracic vagal nerve stimulation in the cat. In duodenum and jejunum, simultaneous release of these compounds was observed. In contrast, vagal stimulation did not augment the rate of luminal secretion of either 5-HT or SP in the distal ileum. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated 5-HT in both enterochromaffin (EC) cells and nerves throughout the small bowel. However, we were unable to visualize any SP-containing EC cells in the cat, which suggests that the source of luminal SP in this species must be intramural nerves.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

On the mode of action of the pentagastrin test in the carcinoid syndrome.

Provocation with pentagastrin (PG) (0.6 micrograms/kg intravenously) causes a release of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT] in excess of the metabolizing capacity associated with carcinoid symptoms and a moderate fall in systemic arterial blood pressure in patients with midgut carcinoids and hepatic metastases. In this study PG also caused a release of 5-HT into portal circulation of anesthetized cats with stable peripheral levels of 5-HT in whole blood, indicating an effective hepatic metabolization. A similar response was obtained in the same animal when the PG test was repeated after 3 h. PG provocation was also performed in animals before and after adrenalectomy. Adrenalectomy seems to prevent the PG-induced release of 5-HT into portal circulation, indicating involvement of an adrenal mechanism. PG does not induce 5-HT release from cell suspensions of midgut carcinoid tumors, but such release was induced by incubation with adrenoceptor agonists. These findings indicate the presence of adrenoceptors on carcinoid tumor cells. The mode of action of the PG test may therefore be activation of such adrenoceptors by catecholamines, released from the adrenal medulla at the fall of arterial blood pressure at PG provocation.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1985

Endoscopic findings in patients with ulcer-like dyspepsia.

One hundred and sixty-seven patients in a single general practice who presented with ulcer-like dyspepsia were offered an upper gastrointestinal fibre endoscopy. Twenty-two patients had a peptic ulcer while only three had a gastric ulcer. One patient had a carcinoma of the cardia, one an adenocarcinoma in the body of the stomach and one a carcinoma at the ampulla of Vater. In another 55 patients the main findings at endoscopy were edema/reddening or erosions in the antral or duodenal mucosa. Endoscopic findings were normal in 46 patients. Malignancies were found only in patients over 50 years of age and only 4 ulcers were seen in patients under 40. The clinical findings of presence of night pain, pain relief after food intake and history of peptic ulcer were more common in patients with an existing peptic ulcer than in those with a normal endoscopy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Response of the rabbit metaphysis to implants of bovine bone morphogenetic protein (bBMP).

The response of protodifferentiated and differentiated bone cells to bovine bone morphogenetic protein (bBMP) was observed in implants in the adult rabbit distal femoral metaphysis. Bovine serum albumin and denatured bBMP were implanted in the contralateral femur of controls. The changes of the bone marrow reflected the reaction of protodifferentiated cells. The changes in preexisting trabecular bone tissue reflected the reaction of differentiated cells to bBMP. 45Ca radioisotope quantitative methods demonstrated that the bone morphogenetic response was superimposed upon the reaction to the injury of surgical implantation. By the end of the fourth week, roentgenograms and histologic sections showed larger deposits of intrametaphyseal cartilage and bone in bBMP than in control implanted femurs. By the end of the eighth week, bone formation was associated with remodeling of the entire distal femur and expansion of the external diameter of the metaphysis. These observations indicate the need for investigation of perisinusoid and perivascular cells of periosteum, endosteum, and marrow stroma that are undifferentiated with respect to cartilage and bone but are principal target tissues for BMP.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Detection by monoclonal antibody of carbohydrate antigen CA 50 in serum of patients with carcinoma.

A solid phase radioimmunoassay was devised for measuring the value of the carcinoma associated carbohydrate antigen CA 50 in serum based on the use of a specific monoclonal antibody (C 50). Samples of serum from 259 patients with carcinoma, 114 patients with other malignancies or inflammatory diseases, and 150 healthy controls were examined. Serum values of CA 50 exceeding the mean plus three standard deviations for control samples from blood donors were found in a high proportion of patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas (50% of those with early, localised tumours and 75% of advanced cases), other gastrointestinal carcinomas (69%), uterine cancer (75% of those with corporeal and 88% of those with cervical cancer), prostatic cancer (90%), lung cancer (52%), and breast, ovarian, kidney, and urinary bladder carcinoma (26-67%). The CA 50 values in samples from patients with inflammatory diseases, including ulcerative colitis, with rare exceptions (0-7%) were within the normal range, as were those in patients with various sarcomas and malignant melanoma. Measuring serum values of CA 50, which is evidently a generalised carcinoma associated antigen, may be useful in clinical research studies of the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of patients with different types of carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Neuropathology of the Norrbottnian type of Gaucher disease. Morphological and biochemical studies.

The Norrbottnian type of Gaucher disease is characterized by infantile or juvenile onset and variable degrees of neurological symptoms, some of which develop only after splenectomy. A full neuropathological description of this type of Gaucher disease has not been reported previously. The brains of five patients were examined morphologically and biochemically. All presented typical accumulations of glucosylceramide storing cells in the adventitia of vessels in the cerebral and cerebellar sub-cortical white matter (s.c.w.m.). There were differences between the five cases with regard to the accumulation of adventitial storage cells and to the fatty acid pattern of the glucosylceramide isolated from the s.c.w.m., which implicate that the accumulation of glucosylceramide in adventitial cells in the brain is dependent on the generalized lipid storage process and enhanced by splenectomy. Loss of neurones and myelin was noted in the vicinity of accumulations of storage cells in two cases. The five cases showed varying degrees of nerve cell loss, satellitosis and neuronophagia. Lipofuscin with simple and complex lipids but no glycolipids could be demonstrated in neurones light-microscopically. Ultrastructural examination revealed inclusion bodies with bilayers in neurones of the cerebral and cerebellar cortex, dentate nucleus and pons. Because of the bilayered structure of Gaucher cell inclusions the bilayers in neurones are assumed to be formed by glucosylceramide. The fatty acid composition of glucosylceramide isolated from cerebral cortex in all cases suggested that cerebral gangliosides were its main precursor. The highest levels of psychosine (glucosylsphingosine) were seen in the cases with the most advanced nerve cell loss. The morphological and biochemical findings indicate that the neuronopathic process is associated with accumulation of glucosylceramide and psychosine in neurones.

Astrocytes↗
PubMed1984

Some clinical results of in vitro fertilization by the Malmö Group, Sweden.

In our in vitro fertilization program, only clomiphene/human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated cycles have been used, yielding 1.6 preovulatory oocytes/woman at follicle aspiration. The cleavage rate was significantly influenced by the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa and by the percentage of motile spermatozoa in the spermiograms. At embryo replacement, a tilted uterus obtained by a full bladder in the woman simplifies the replacement procedure. In the last 12 months, 47 embryo transfers have been carried out, resulting in five clinical pregnancies. Of these pregnancies, one has proceeded to term, one resulted in a miscarriage, and three resulted in ectopic pregnancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Transient neurological symptoms associated with mononuclear pleocytosis of the cerebrospinal fluid.

Brief episodes of neurological dysfunction may sometimes occur in an afebrile patient with no overt vascular disorder, nor any history of previous migraine. In such a case, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may exhibit a predominantly lymphocytic pleocytosis with plasma cells and an increased protein content indicating a lesion of the blood-brain barrier. This syndrome of remitting hemispheric dysfunction is accompanied by migraine-like headache. The available evidence suggests that an aseptic meningitis is the triggering event.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of Lambert-Eaton syndrome: 3,4-diaminopyridine and pyridostigmine.

We used a new drug, 3,4-diaminopyridine, to treat five patients with the Lambert-Eaton syndrome, one with a carcinoma and four cryptogenic. The effects of intravenous, oral, and rectal administration were evaluated clinically and electrophysiologically after single doses and during continuous treatment for up to 21 months. 3,4-Diaminopyridine effectively ameliorated the neuromuscular and autonomic nervous system disorders without severe side effects. Anticholinesterase drugs strongly potentiated the benefit of 3,4-diaminopyridine.

4-Aminopyridine↗
PubMed1983

Ultrastructure of the endometrial blood vessels during implantation of the rat blastocyst.

The ultrastructure of the blood vessels of the endometrium was analysed during implantation of the blastocyst in rats, at the time of appearance of the Pontamine Blue Reaction. Vessels from implantation sites and from interimplantation sites were compared. In vessels from implantation sites the endothelial cells showed fenestrations covered by diaphragms. In addition, small interruptions (gaps) between the endothelial cells were observed. These features were present in vessels larger than 5 micrometers in diameter and more than 100 micrometers away from the uterine epithelium, both in the mesometrial and antimesometrial wall of the endometrium. Vessels from interimplantation sites displayed neither fenestrations nor interruptions. The endothelial cells of the implantation sites displayed morphological signs of metabolic activation. These consisted of increased numbers of polyribosomes, well developed Golgi complexes and prominent nucleoli. The fenestrations and gaps in the vessel wall were interpreted as constituting the morphological basis for the increase in vascular permeability and the consequent edema which characterize the Pontamine Blue Reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Scanning electron microscopy of human preimplantation endometrium in normal and clomiphene/human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated cycles.

Embryo transfer after in vitro fertilization of oocytes obtained from unstimulated or stimulated women is usually carried out earlier than when an embryo developed in vivo reaches the womb. The possible asynchrony between the developmental stage of the embryo and that of the endometrium at transfer might reduce the prospects for implantation; so also might any secondary effect of stimulation. Preimplantation endometrium dated by plasma hormone analyses of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone in five unstimulated and eight stimulated women was surveyed. Three features were examined, namely, the frequency, distribution, and appearance of ciliated cells, nonciliated cells, and apical protrusion. Wide regional variations were observed, but no continuous or consistent changes or differences were found from ovulation to the time for implantation in unstimulated and stimulated cycles. Therefore, from the morphologic point of view, the surface might be ready to accept a transferred embryo at any time within a range of days after ovulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

5-Hydroxytryptamine and cholera secretion: a histochemical and physiological study in cats.

The effect of cholera toxin on the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the enterochromaffin cells of the cat small intestine was estimated by cytofluorimetry of individual enterochromaffin cells at varying times after exposing the intestinal mucosa to the toxin. The observed changes in 5-HT levels in the enterochromaffin cells were correlated with the simultaneously measured rate of net fluid transport across the intestinal epithelium. Intestinal segments exposed to cholera toxin showed a statistically significant decrease in 5-HT levels of enterochromaffin cells compared with segments exposed to heat-inactivated cholera toxin. A good correlation (r = 0.73) was found between relative 5-HT fluorescence in enterochromaffin cells and net fluid transport across the intestinal epithelium. Thus, a diminished 5-HT content was associated with a decreased rate of fluid absorption or an increased rate of secretion. A hypothesis is presented for explaining the possible role of the enterochromaffin cells in the pathophysiology of cholera secretion.

Animals↗