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Biomedical subjects

O Meirik

Publications and source records attributed to O Meirik.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Stomach cancer after partial gastrectomy for benign ulcer disease.

We followed for 25 to 33 years 6459 patients who had undergone partial gastrectomy for benign ulcer disease to determine the incidence of stomach cancer. The overall risk was no different from that among sex- and age-matched controls from the Swedish Cancer Registry (standardized incidence ratio = 0.96; 95 percent confidence limits, 0.78 and 1.16). However, when the patients were classified according to the duration of follow-up after operation, sex, surgical procedure, diagnosis at the time of operation, and age at operation, differences in risk were observed between the subgroups. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, the average adjusted risk increased 28 percent (adjusted standardized incidence ratio = 1.28; 95 percent confidence limits, 1.11 and 1.49) for each successive five-year interval after operation. The adjusted risk was greater among women than men (adjusted standardized incidence ratio = 1.96; 95 percent confidence limits, 1.18 and 3.24). Patients who had undergone a Billroth I anastomosis had a lower crude risk, both overall (standardized incidence ratio = 0.40; 95 percent confidence limits, 0.20 and 0.71) and after we controlled for other confounding variables (adjusted standardized incidence ratio = 0.27; 95 percent confidence limits, 0.12 and 0.62), than did those who had undergone a Billroth II procedure. The adjusted risk of stomach cancer was greater among patients operated on for gastric ulcer than among those operated on for duodenal ulcer (adjusted standardized incidence ratio = 2.21; 95 percent confidence limits, 1.45 and 3.35). Risk decreased with increased age at operation. Between successive strata of age at operation (less than 39, 40 to 49, 50 to 59, and greater than or equal to 60 years of age), the adjusted risk decreased on the average by about half (adjusted standardized incidence ratio = 0.52; 95 percent confidence limits, 0.41 and 0.66).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cigarette smoking as risk factor for late fetal and early neonatal death.

Risk factors for late fetal death and early neonatal mortality were examined in a population based prospective study. Practically all Swedish births between 1983 and 1985 were included, 281,808 births in all. The overall rates of late fetal death and early neonatal mortality were 3.5 and 3.1 per 1000, respectively. About 30% of the pregnant women were recorded as being daily smokers. Logistic regression analyses showed significant relative risks for late fetal death for high maternal age (1.4), nulliparity (1.4), multiparity (greater than or equal to 2) (1.3), smoking (1.4), and multiple births (2.8). Significant relative risks for early neonatal mortality were found for multiple births (4.9) and smoking (1.2). Smokers aged under 35 faced a relative risk of late fetal death ranging from 1.1 to 1.6, while the risk for late fetal death was doubled if the mothers were aged 35 years or more and smoked. In countries like Sweden, where maternal cigarette smoking is prevalent, smoking may be the most important preventable risk factor for late fetal death.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer in young women.

The possible association between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and the risk of development of breast cancer before the age of 45 was investigated by means of a population-based case-control study in Sweden and Norway. Information was obtained, by personal interview, from 422 (89.2%) of all eligible patients with breast cancer newly diagnosed between May 1984 and May 1985, and from 527 (80.6%) of all age-matched controls. The possible confounding effects of oral contraceptive (OC) use, education, and reproductive and several other factors were taken into account in multivariate analyses. No association was found between ever smoking (versus never smoking) and breast cancer (odds ratio 1.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8-1.3). Further, there was no relation between breast cancer and duration of smoking, age at start of regular smoking, length of time since the start of regular smoking, or number of cigarettes smoked per day. There was no significant interaction between smoking, use of OCs, parity, and breast cancer. A moderate or high current consumption of beer, wine, liquor or total alcohol did not increase the risk of breast cancer. An alcohol intake of 5 grams per day or more was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer (odds ratio 0.6; 95% CI 0.4-0.9), but possible effects of a change in habits after diagnosis, of recall bias and of residual confounding, e.g. by dietary habits, need serious consideration.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Traumatic injury in large-for-date infants.

The risk of traumatic injury and low Apgar score was studied in 473 infants with a birth weight of 4500 g or more at term (LFD) and 473 infants with normal weight (NFD, birth weight +/- 1 SD of mean for the respective gestational age). The LFD group comprised 3.2% of all infants delivered during a 5-year period. Traumatic injuries were observed in 8.0% of the LFD versus 0.6% of the NFD group. The injuries in the LFD group were 28 fractured clavicles, four fractured humerus and 12 brachial plexus injuries. Six of the LFD infants had multiple injuries. The injuries in the NFD group were three fractured clavicles. All infants with traumatic injuries were delivered vaginally. Contributory obstetrical factors for traumatic injury were forceps, post-term pregnancy and vacuum extraction. High birth weight was correlated to a low Apgar score at one minute, as also was post-term pregnancy.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMed1987

Unaltered risk of colorectal cancer within 14-17 years of cholecystectomy: updating of a population-based cohort study.

The incidence of colorectal cancer after cholecystectomy was analysed in a historical population-based cohort study comprising 16,439 patients who were completely followed up for 14-17 years after operation. The observed number of colorectal cancers (150) was lower than the expected number of 166.3 (relative risk (RR) = 0.90:95 per cent confidence limits 0.77-1.05) and the overall risk for colon cancer (RR = 0.95) did not differ significantly from that of rectal cancer (RR = 0.82). Separate analyses by sex, age at operation and duration of follow-up revealed relative risks close to or lower than unity. Some deviations indicating a substantially reduced risk might have been due to the play of chance alone. Our results contradict the idea both of a causal and of a non-causal association-through common aetiological factors-between surgically confirmed gallbladder disease and colorectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Relative effect of parental birth weight on infant birth weight at term.

The relations between some hereditary and environmental factors and the variation in infant birth weight were estimated by multiple linear regression analyses on a sample of 276 Scandinavian single term pregnancies. Gestational age explained 10.9%, fetal factors (maternal and paternal birth weights and fetal sex) 7.9%, maternal factors (parity, pre-pregnancy weight and height) 5.5% and external factors (adjusted weight gain and smoking) 5.8% of the variation in infant birth weight. It is concluded that maternal and paternal birth weights are rather poor predictors of infant birth weight. Together they explain only 5.6% of the variation in infant birth weight at term.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1987

Birth weight distribution as an indicator of environmental effects on fetal development.

A medical birth registry was used for a geographical analysis of birth weight distribution. Nearly 900,000 Swedish singleton births, 1973-1981, were used for an analysis of the effect of some variables and for standardization for these variables. A marked change in the rate of low birth weight infants (LBW, less than 2,500 g) was seen in the country between 1976 and 1977. A U-formed effect of maternal age and of parity was demonstrated. A marked interaction between the effects of these two variables existed. Two social groups were compared and the well-known high rate of LBW infants associated with low socioeconomic conditions was demonstrated. Standardization for the variables mentioned influenced this effect only little but reduced the difference between the social groups concerning infants above 3.5 kg weight. The background data were used for analysis of restricted geographical areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The postpartum period constitutes an important risk for the development of clinical Graves' disease in young women.

In the present study, 93 consecutive women, 20-40 years of age, referred to our clinic from 1976-85 with Graves' disease, were examined with respect to a possible relation between onset of disease and previous pregnancy. An increased relative risk of 6.5 (3.8-11.0, 95% confidence interval) of developing Graves' disease within one year following delivery was found. After excluding the nulliparous women, almost 2 out of 3 women who developed Graves' disease in the principal child-bearing age of 20-35 years had a postpartum onset, suggesting an important role of immunomodulatory events following delivery for the development of this disease in young women. Future studies will ascertain to which extent the recognition of postpartum Graves' disease has implications on the choice of therapy in this group of women.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Oral contraceptive use and breast cancer in young women. A joint national case-control study in Sweden and Norway.

The possible association between oral contraceptive (OC) use and the risk of breast cancer developing before the age of 45 was investigated by means of a population based case-control study in Sweden and Norway. Information was obtained by personal interview from 422 (89.2%) of all eligible patients with a newly diagnosed breast cancer from May, 1984, to May, 1985, and from 722 (80.6%) of all contacted age-matched controls. A multivariate analysis, which accounted for several possible confounding factors, revealed a significant (p = 0.03) association between total duration of OC use and breast cancer risk. The relative risk (RR) of breast cancer after 12 or more years of OC use was 2.2 (1.2-4.0). OC use for more than 7 years before first full-term pregnancy entailed an increased breast cancer risk (RR = 2.0 [1.0-4.2]) which was of borderline significance. When total duration of use was considered, the risk of breast cancer was virtually unrelated to age at first OC use and latency from first use. The results suggest that long-term use of OCs may increase the risk of breast cancer in young women.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Long-term survival in prostatic carcinoma, with special reference to age as a prognostic factor. A nation-wide study.

A total of 44,300 cases of prostatic cancer, comprising 90% of all newly diagnosed cases reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry in 1960 through 1978, constituted a cohort followed up for 1-19 years. Survival rates were adjusted for expected mortality in the general population, and were expressed as relative survival (RS). RS for the total cohort after 5, 10 and 15 years was 51, 34 and 24%, respectively, with an annual excess death rate of about 8% which persisted also after long-term observation. RS was similar in the age groups between 45 and 74 years, whereas among patients older than 74 at diagnosis, approximately 10% lower RS appeared early and was persistent. These data demonstrated that the highly varying natural course of prostatic cancer is only slightly related to patient age at diagnosis. The low long-term relative survival rate definitely contradicted the concept that biologically inactive (latent) tumours constitute a significant proportion of the prostatic cancers diagnosed in clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Age as a prognostic factor in breast cancer.

Long-term survival was evaluated in a total of 12,319 women with first breast cancer, comprising 94.9% of virtually all women with first breast cancers diagnosed in Sweden in 1959 through 1963. After correction for the expected mortality, it was found that age at diagnosis was an important predictor of the probability of escaping the risk of dying of breast cancer (relative survival), with a regular trend toward a more favorable course in younger women. This difference between the age groups is apparent as early as 5 years after diagnosis and increases throughout the period of observation. Thus the relative 20-year survival rates +/- 95% confidence limits were 51.3 +/- 3.8%, 41.2 +/- 3.4%, 34.2 +/- 3.8%, and 16.6 +/- 6.3% at ages 40 through 44, 50 through 54, 60 through 69, and 70 through 79 years, respectively. Patients younger than 40 years diverged from the general trend, with a survival rate of 44.1 +/- 4.6% at 20 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Estimation of the "normal" growth of Swedish infants at term. Preliminary report.

Using the Swedish Medical Birth Registry for 1983 the birthweights were studied from the 38th to the 42nd week of gestation. Several criteria were used in order to retain a "normal" population of infants without signs of pathology. The mothers all negated smoking. Of about 93 000 livebirths roughly 10% fulfilled the criteria. Both in the infants who were the first-born child (n = 5.640) and in those who were the second-born child (n = 3.599) there was a successively higher mean birthweight for each completed week until 41 weeks. After that a graph connecting the mean values showed a significant flattening.

Birth Order↗
PubMed1984

Delayed childbearing in Sweden.

Using data from the Swedish Medical Birth Registry, we examined whether reproductive history influenced pregnancy outcomes among women aged 30 to 39 years who gave birth to a first or second child in 1976 through 1980. They were classified group 1, primigravida; group 2, gravida 2, para O; and group 3, gravida 2, para 1. Compared with women aged 20 through 24 years with the same parity and gravidity, the relative risk (RR) of late fetal deaths was significantly greater among those aged 35 through 39 years (RR: group 1 = 1.76, group 2 = 2.22, and group 3 = 2.39). The risk of giving birth to newborns who were low birth weight and preterm, or low birth weight at term, or 2,500 g or greater but preterm was greater among women aged 30 through 39 years in groups 1 and 2--significantly so for group 1 aged 30 through 39 years v group 1 aged 20 through 24 years. Risk increased with maternal age, from 30 through 34 to 35 through 39 years. The increased risk with age and parity-gravidity has ramifications for the increasing rate of delayed childbearing in the United States and elsewhere.

Adult↗