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Biomedical subjects

O Kunii

Publications and source records attributed to O Kunii.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Mathematical analysis of transport phenomenon to the blood from the site of intramuscular injection with ampicillin in the rat.

The mathematical formula with time function of transport phenomenon is obtained by the analysis of the concentrations of ampicillin in the serum, bile and urine. This formula indicates the speed of transport of the drug, or the ratio of the vascular permeability of it for the administrated dose from the site of intramuscular injection into the blood as the time function. About 80% of ampicillin was transported into the blood through capillaries for 120 min from the beginning of intramuscular injection.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1984

Role of lipid A in the production of tumor necrosis factor and differences in antitumor activity between tumor necrosis factor and lipopolysaccharide.

The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was examined. Alkaline treatment of LPS greatly reduced the TNF-producing activity of LPS, but TNF was produced when a large amount was injected. Free lipid A and lipid A-mouse serum albumin complex, which were prepared from the acid hydrolyzate, effectively induced TNF. However, the polysaccharide-rich fraction of the acid hydrolyzate was not capable of inducing TNF. Preincubation of LPS with polymixin B largely abrogated the TNF-producing activity of LPS. The differences in antitumor activity between TNF and LPS were also tested. TNF has a direct cytotoxicity against cancer cells in vitro but LPS does not. The activity of TNF was not inhibited by preincubation with polymixin B. Tumor necrosis in vivo was inhibited by preincubation of LPS with polymixin B but not by that of TNF. Galactosamine was found to induce susceptibility to the lethal effects of LPS, but did not influence the action of TNF. Lipid A is largely responsible for the TNF-inducing activity of LPS, but is not essential for the antitumor activity of TNF.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Significance of test for antibody-coated bacteria in biliary tract infection.

To detect a biliary tract infection, antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) in bile and duodenal juice was examined in 146 specimens from 111 patients by direct immunofluorescent antibody technique (FA test). One hundred and forty one of these specimens were also cultured and the results were compared with those of FA test. Organisms were isolated in 77 specimens from 59 patients. Thirty nine (from 31 cases) in these 77 specimens showed ACB. Result of FA test was related to clinical findings such as fever and leucocytosis, but was not to upper abdominal pain, jaundice, liver function test abnormality and the presence of gallstones. Isolates were mainly gram negative rods in ACB positive group (77%). Classification of immunoglobulin of ACB indicated a predominance of IgG and IgA classes over IgM class.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The mechanisms of synergistic effect of antibiotics. A mechanism of synergism, cephaloridine with gentamicin on cephaloridine resistant gram negative bacilli.

Twelve strains out of 75 Gram negative rods, which were isolated at the clinical laboratory in the hospital, were highly resistant to cephaloridine (CER) and relatively sensitive to gentamicin (GM). Nine strains out of the 12 strains revealed synergistic effect when small doses of GM were used together with CER. A mechanism of synergistic effect on Enterobacter cloacae, 1 strain of the 9 strains, was studied through change of beta-lactamase activities. The levels of viable cell count decreased when small doses of GM were added compared with the ones obtained without the addition of GM. Similarly the levels of protein concentration and beta-lactamase activities in the sonicated component of sediment decreased, so did the level of beta-lactamase activities per cell. On the contrary, however, the beta-lactamase activities in the supernatant fluid showed no difference irrespective of the GM. Based upon the above mentioned findings, it is suggested that synergistic effect of CER and GM might be due to inhibition of protein synthesis as well as due to subsequent inhibition of beta-lactamase synthesis. This is compared with the author's previous study, in which the mechanism of synergistic effect of CER and chloramphenicol (CP) was partly due to inhibition of protein synthesis, but mostly due to inhibition of beta-lactamase synthesis.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1981

Combination therapy using 9,3"-di-O-acetyl-midecamycin with beta-lactam antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

The combined effect of beta-lactam antibiotics and 9,3"-di-O-acetylmidecamycin were examined in 10 patients diagnosed as having chronic respiratory tract infections and complicated urinary tract infections. Patients were initially treated with 3 to 10 g/day of beta-lactams as intravenous infusions or by oral route for a certain period, after which period they were treated concurrently with 0.3 to 0.9 g/day of 9,3"-di-O-acetylmidecamycin by oral route. Through this combination therapy eradication of P. aeruginosa was obtained in 2 cases and remarkable decrease in another 2 cases out of the 10 cases. This combination therapy was judged to be effective in these 4 cases. Of the remaining cases, P. aeruginosa was eliminated before the start of the combination therapy in 3 cases, and no change in bacterial count was noted after the combination therapy in the other 3 cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Research on the production site of tumor necrosis factor (TNF).

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) is an active component of serum taken from Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum) infected mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To locate the production site of TNF, we tried to block TNF production by using the following reagents; carrageenan, hydrocortisone, and trypan blue. Following the injection of a large dose of carrageenan, administered before C. parvum treatment, TNF production was completely blocked. However, when administered after C. parvum treatment but prior to LPS injection, no blockage was observed. Injecting hydrocortisone before the LPS injection also blocked TNF release. However, this treatment, when administered before the injection of C. parvum, had no observable influence on TNF production. A large dose of trypan blue, administered before the LPS injection, also blocked the release of TNF. A low dose of trypan blue resulted in only partial blockage of TNF production. A large dose of trypan blue, administered prior to C. parvum treatment, also showed partial blockage of TNF production. Macrophage-enriched peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), taken from mice infected with C. parvum, released TNF into the supernatant after stimulation with LPS. These results strongly suggest that the production site of TNF is located within the activated macrophage and deeply related with lysosome.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Binding of antibiotics to human liver glutathione S-transferases.

Glutathione S-transferases (GSH S-transferases) are multifunctional enzymes and are known to play an important role as intracellular binding protein in human liver. Binding of several antibiotics, including cefotetan, benzylpenicillin, cefazolin, chloramphenicol and gentamicin, to cationic and anionic GSH S-transferases isolated from human liver, and to human serum albumin, has been investigated by using the centrifuge column technique, which is supposed to be an excellent one for its sensitivity and rapidity in ligand binding studies. The dissociation constants (Kd) of the antibiotics for human liver GSH S-transferases and for human serum albumin, and the number of binding sites for the antibiotics on a molecule of human liver GSH S-transferases and of human serum albumin have been evaluated by means of Scatchard plots. This study has shown that cefotetan is bound to cationic GSH S-transferases to the greatest extent, followed by benzylpenicillin, cefazolin and chloramphenicol, gentamicin being bound to the smallest extent. It has been confirmed that not only cationic GSH S-transferases but also anionic GSH S-transferases have the binding capacity to the antibiotics, and that the extent of binding of the antibiotics to anionic GSH S-transferases is similar to the one to cationic GSH S-transferases. Therefore, anionic GSH S-transferases are supposed to play nearly the same role as cationic GSH S-transferases in transport of the antibiotics in human liver. The fact that the extent of binding of the antibiotics to human liver GSH S-transferases is closely correlated with the extent of biliary excretion of the antibiotics suggests that human liver GSH S-transferases play an important role in the transport of certain antibiotics from plasma, through hepatocytes, into bile.

Anions↗
PubMed1980

Clinical trials with cefoperazone in the field of internal medicine in Japan.

A total of 466 patients were treated with cefoperazone. The drug was usually administered by drip infusion of 2 to 4 gm/day. Therapy was described as markedly effective and moderately effective in 64 of 77 patients (83.1%) treated for urinary tract infections; 253 of 316 patients (80.1%) treated for respiratory infections; 37 of 48 patients (77.1%) treated for liver biliary duct infections; ten of 16 patients (62.5%) treated for septicemia; and seven of nine patients (77.8%) being treated for other infections. Overall, cefoperazone was effective 79.6% of all patients treated. With respect to bacteriological activity, the overall eradication rate for gram-negative organisms (including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter sp, and Proteus sp) was 81% (182/225) and for gram-positive (Staphyloccocus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus faecalis) 90% (36/40). Of 205 patients who failed to respond to previous antibiotic therapy, 67.8% were treated effectively with cefoperazone. Side effects, such as skin eruption, pyrexia and diarrhea, occurred in only 4.8% of patients treated, while laboratory abnormalities, such as elevated glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and eosinophil values, occurred in only 6.4% of the treated patients. None of these abnormal values were of clinical significance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Detection of antibody-coated bacteria in the bile in experimental cholecystitis.

Detection of antibody-coated bacteria (A C B) in the bile sediment was tried in experimental cholecystitis which were produced in male rabbits by inoculation of mixture of E. coli and 5% sodium desoxycholate. A C B in the bile sediment was demonstrated in all cases by the direct immunofluorescent antibody technique. All cases showed positive cultures and all these isolates were the same strain as inoculated.

Animals↗