Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

O G Gazenko

Publications and source records attributed to O G Gazenko.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

["Soiuz-Apollo" experimental flight. Preliminary results of medicobiological studies, carried out during the flight of "Soiuz-19" spaceship].

The paper presents brief information on the Apollo-Soyuz test mission, its program biomedical investigations to be carried out in flight and specific medical aspects. It discusses the main tasks of the joint US-USSR experiments and Soviet experiments. It gives and analyzes preliminary results of medical monitoring and postflight examinations of the crew members.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Long space flights and the human habitat].

The paper discusses the generation of an environment which may adequately meet human requirements that have developed as a result of evolution in the Earth biosphere as applied to long-duration manned space flights. This environment must exert functional effects on physiological systems of the human body which appear to be underloaded in space flight.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Habitability and biological life support systems for man].

This paper discusses general concepts and specific details of the habitability of space stations and planetary bases completely isolated from the Earth for long periods of time. It emphasizes inadequacy of the present-day knowledge about natural conditions that provide a biologically acceptable environment on the Earth as well as lack of information about life support systems as a source of consumables (oxygen, water, food) and a tool for waste management. The habitability of advanced space vehicles is closely related to closed bioregenerative systems used as life support systems.

Ecological Systems, Closed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of medical studies in relation to the program of the second space flight on the orbital complex "Mir"].

In 1987, the USSR cosmonauts Y. V. Romanenko (326 days), A. I. Laveikin (approximately 176 days), and A. P. Alexandrov (approximately 160 days) made a space mission on Mir. (A. I. Laveikin showed specific cardiovascular responses to exercise tests and was therefore replaced with A. P. Alexandrov). The most important medical result of this mission was that Yu. V. Romanenko, who remained in orbit for 3 months longer than anyone before, working intensively, did not exhibit any changes that were qualitatively different from those observed in previous long-duration space flights. The health status and work performance of other crewmembers were also good, although each of them showed individual responses. The postflight recovery period went smooth.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Medical studies during an 8-month flight on the orbital complex "Saliut-7"--"Soiuz-T"].

This paper presents medical results obtained in a Salyut-7 8-month manned mission in which a physician-cosmonaut took part. The results include body mass and height measurements, vestibular studies, cardiovascular studies at rest and in response to staged functional loads (with echocardiographic examinations accentuated), metabolic and hormonal studies. The paper also gives information about medical aspects of extravehicular activities. It is emphasized that during the mission both old and new methods of research were used and medical results of preceding flights were considered.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Medical studies concerning the program of long-term manned space flights on "Saliut-7"-"Soiuz-T" orbital complex].

During 1982-1986 the orbital complex Salyut-7--Soyuz-T was visited by six long-term (from 65 to 237 days) principal crews and five short-term (from 8 to 12 days) visiting crews. Many medical investigations were performed during those missions, especially during the longest 237-day flight in which a physician-cosmonaut took part. The objective of the investigations was to accumulate new data and complementary information about physiological responses to microgravity. The methods and procedures used were in part the techniques, which were employed in previous missions but modified to meet specific requirements, and in part new techniques such as echocardiography for cardiovascular measurements, various loading tests, sensory tests, and blood and urine biochemistry.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experiments on rats exposed in the Cosmos 1667 biosatellite (goals, protocols, results)].

Morphobiochemical investigations of the rats flown on the biosatellite Cosmos-1667 have shown that the 7-day space flight produces shifts in different systems, organs and tissues which reflect adaptive processes to microgravity. Early signs of structural, functional and metabolic rearrangement can be detected in the musculoskeletal apparatus, hemopoietic system, lymphoid organs, neurohormonal systems, i.e., in the systems and organs that develop changes during long-term flights. The rates of adaptation to microgravity are different not only in various systems and organs but also within the same tissues. Most shifts that emerge at an early stage of adaptation to microgravity progress with flight time but some of them develop to a full extent after the 7-day flight. The specific feature of the early stage of adaptation to microgravity is the lack of significant changes in blood biochemistry in the presence of structural and metabolic changes in tissues. This fact gives evidence that the mechanisms maintaining homeostasis at the organism level are not as yet disrupted during 7 days of flight.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The 20th anniversary of our journal].

This review describes the history of the journal--its establishment and development associated with the advances in space biology and aerospace medicine. The paper summarizes the major areas of research discussed in the publications and emphasizes their relations with other branches of science. It also lists readers' comments, suggestions and recommendations derived form the recent questionnaires. The paper outlines the objectives of the journal as related to further development of space biology and aerospace medicine.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular changes in prolonged space flights.

In prolonged manned space flights, the cardiovascular function was examined at rest and during provocative tests. As compared to the preflight data the following changes were seen: higher heart rate at rest and during LBNP tests, decrease of stroke volume at rest and during LBNP test and a less marked increase (or decrease) during exercise tests, symptoms of a greater heart load which transformed to the syndrome of myocardial hypodynamics (preload) during LBNP tests or to the syndrome of myocardial hyperdynamics (afterload) during exercise tests (with other than preflight ratios of systolic and diastolic time intervals). The above cardiovascular changes did not, as a rule, aggravate with flight time and can be viewed as adaptive reactions to microgravity. The above cardiovascular changes were primarily produced by fluid redistribution in the cranial direction, diminished participation of the muscle system in circulation, and involvement of unloading reflexes from the cardiopulmonary receptor zones.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Action on water-salt metabolism as a prophylactic method in orthostatic intolerance in crew members of the 2d expedition of the Saliut-1 station].

The water-salt supplement developed in ground-based experiments in order to increase human tolerance to LBNP and orthostatic tests was recommended to be given to the crewmembers at the final stage of the second expedition of Salyut-4. On the 53rd flight day, concomitantly with an intake of 4.0 g sodium chloride and 900-1200 ml water, an LBNP test was carried out to assess the effectiveness of this supplement, to select its optimal doses and to clarify individual responses. After the intake both cosmonauts showed a better tolerance of the LBNP test. They also displayed individual variations in their responses, viz. the commander in arterial circulation, and the flightengineer in venous circulation. As suggested by the ground-based experiments and the inflight provocative test, both cosmonauts were requested to take 9.0 g sodium chloride and 1000--1200 ml water on the last flight day. The postflight examinations demonstrated that the countermeasures applied (physical exercises, LBNP) in combination with the direct action on the fluid-electrolyte metabolism gave a pronounced positive effect.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurochemical characteristics of rats during flight on the Kosmos-782 artificial satellite and after returning to earth].

The brain of rats flown aboard the biosatellite Cosmos-782 was sampled immediately postflight and taken under neurochemical study. It was shown cytospectrophotometrically that the absolute content of RNA decreased by 20% in the cytoplasm of cerebellar Purkinje cells and remained unaltered in glial cells-satellites, and that the protein content did not change. In the frontal cortex (homogenates) the concentration of sulfhydryl groups decreased by 26%, activity of nonspecific cholinesterase by 33%. The activity of the latter in the cerebellum also diminished.

Animals↗