Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

O Fausa

Publications and source records attributed to O Fausa.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Crohn's disease. Recurrence after surgical treatment.

A series of 76 patients who have undergone surgical treatment for Crohn's disease is presented. In 14 of the patients surgery was performed for recurrence after previous resection. In total, 91 intestinal resections and one bypass--operation were carried out. Postoperative mortality comprised 4 patients (5.3%), and there were 4 late deaths. Sixty-six patients were followed up for periods ranging from 2 to 11 years, with a median of 4.0 years. Recurrence rates and reoperation rates were determined by actuarial analyses. The yearly recurrence rate seemed constant during the observation period, averaging 15.2%, and the cumulative recurrence rate was thus 77% after 9 years. The reoperation rate also seemed to be constant, and on the average 5.5% per year, and the cumulative reoperation per cent after 9 years was 45. There was no significant difference between cumulative recurrence rates after primary operations and after operations for recurrence. There was a significantly higher risk of relapse during the first year after non-radical excision of the diseased part of the gut than after radical excision. The majority of the patients were in good general condition at time of review; only 3 patients suffered from marked symptoms with reduced working capacity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Enzymatic Determination of bile acids. the NADP-specific 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from P. testosteroni (ATCC 11996).

By use of the specific substrates, 7alpha-hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid and 3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-trihydroxy-3,12-diacetyl-5beta-cholanic acid methyl ester, crude extracts of P. testosteroni grown on a steroid-containing medium have been shown to exhibit 7alpha-hydroxysteroid: NADP-oxidoreductase activity. The enzyme is highly specific for NADP. Both free and conjugated 7alpha-hydroxy bile acids can act as substrates, but those of low polarity (few hydroxyl groups) seem to be preferred, judging from initial reaction velocity studies. Optimal conditions appears to be at pH 8.5-9.5 and at 25 degress C. Free SH-groups are essential for maximum catalytic activity, since the enzyme is inhibited by SH-reacting substances such as p-chloromercuribenzoate and monoiodoacetic acid. Also the ketone-trapping agents hydrazine hydrate and semicarbazide act as inhibitors. Upon dilution, the storage stability is severely reduced, but this effect may be counteracted by the addition of glycerol at concentration of 20% or more. By gel filtration experiments on Sephadex G-100, the molecular weight was estimated to about 80,000.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1977

Quantitative determination of serum bile acids using a 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

A crude 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isolate from P. testosteroni requires NADP specifically and provides a simple and specific means for the determination of 7alpha-hydroxy bile acids and their conjugates. A specific and reliable enzymatic-fluorimetric method for the quantitative measurement of the primary bile acids in serum is described. Overall recovery from normal and jaundiced serum averaged 85%. The mean concentration of serum 7alpha-hydroxy bile acids in fasting, healthy subjects was 2.5 mumoles/1 (S.D. 1.45 AND RANGE 1.2-6.3), averaging 73% (S.D. 11.5) of the total, measured as the 3alpha-hydroxy bile acid concentration. In parenchymatous liver disease and cholestatic hepatobiliary disorders, the proportion of 7alpha-hydroxy bile acids was significantly increased, mean 92.5% (S.D. 6.6)(p less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Amyloidosis and Crohn's disease.

Amyloidosis associated with Crohn's disease was found in 7 patients among 85 subjected to intestinal resection for granulomatous enterocolitis. Most of the patients had symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease of relatively short duration before the diagnosis of amyloidosis was made and were without suppurative complications. Systemic involvement was seen in 6 of the patients. One died postoperatively from renal failure, and in 2 other patients kidney transplantation was performed because of deterioration of a pre-existent renal insufficiency. Six patients were alive 6 months to 10 years after amyloidosis was diagnosed. There is great risk of rapid deterioration of kidney function postoperatively in these patients. However, our experience suggests that in some cases the progression of amyloidosis may be delayed or even brought to a halt after surgical treatment of Crohn's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Complement system studies in adult coeliac disease.

Detailed complement system studies were performed in 22 patients with adult coeliac disease. Activation products of C3 were observed in the fresh sera of all untreated patients, while only 4 had activation products of factor B of the alternate pathway. Levels of C4 and C3 were lower than normal mean, but only the depression of C4 reached a level of statistical significance. The amounts of circulating C3 activation products were significantly reduced when the patients were on a gluten-free diet. There is thus evidence that activation of the classical pathway of the complement system takes place in adult coeliac disease, and there is an association between gluten ingestion and the complement activity. We suggest that a possible mechanism of tissue injury in this disease is activation of complement factors by a humoral immune reaction to dietary gluten in the intestinal wall.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Immunoglobulins in jejunal mucosa and serum from patients with adult coeliac disease.

Immunoglobulin (Ig)-containing cells were quantitated immunohistochemically in biopsy specimens from the proximal jejunal mucosa. The numbers of IgA, IgM, and IgG immunocytes in a defined "mucosal tissue unit" were, on the average, raised 2.4, 4.6, and 6.5 times, respectively, when 13 adult patients with untreated coeliac disease (CD) were compared with 15 patients who had a histologically normal mucosa. The IgA-:IgM-:IgG-cell ratios averaged 66:28:6 in untreated CD and 79:18:2.6 in the controls. Similar quantitative data in 10 patients with treated CD were intermediate. IgD- and IgE-containing cells were rare in all patient groups. Most patients in a heterogeneous malabsorption group showed a jejunal Ig-containing cell population similar to that seen in CD, indicating that the local immunocyte pattern may not be specific for the latter disease. The only significant alteration in serum Ig levels related to CD was a raised concentration of IgA compared with normal. This was consistent with the increased amounts of extracellular IgA revealed in the mucosa. However, there was no indication of a defect in the transport of dimeric IgA and IgM through SC-producing cells, which in the CD mucosa were present in both crypt and surface epithelium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Immunoglobulins in jejunal mucosa and serum from patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.

The quantitative distribution of immunoglobulin-(Ig)-producing cells of the major classes was determined by paired immunohistochemistry in the proximal jejunal mucosa of 29 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH). The specimens were categorized stereomicroscopically in three groups. Compared with controls, the total number of Ig-producing cells in a defined "mucosal tissue unit" was for group I (normal or minor abnormality) found to be raised by a factor of 1.4, but the class ratios remained normal. In group II (major abnormality) the total immunocyte number was raised 2.6 times; IgA, IgM, and IgG cells showed a 2.4-, 3.5-, and 5.1-fold increase, respectively. Group II (intermediate abnormality) fell between the two other groups with regard to changes in the immunocyte population. Altogether the local immunocyte pattern was very similar to that previously found in coeliac disease (CD) specimens of comparable mucosal abnormalities. IgD cells were few, and showed no increase compared with controls. Also IgE cells were few, but were encountered more frequently than in controls. As in CD, staining for extracellular Ig in the lamina propria tended to be more intense than in controls. Normal or increased staining for SC, IgA and IgM in the crypt epithelium indicated a normal external transfer of these components. DH differed from DC in showing no significant rise in the level of serum IgA. Serum IgM was reduced in group III, and IgG was increased in group I.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Serum bile acid concentration after a test meal.

Total serum bile acid concentrations were studied by an enzymatic-fluorimetric method employing a highly purified 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. In 28 control subjects mean total serum bile acid concentration was 2.5 mumoles/1 (S.D. 1.4). In 6 healthy subjects a significant postprandial increase in total serum bile acids occurred with maximal values at 90 and 120 minutes after ingestion of a liquid test meal. The maximal postprandial increase for each subject was 1.5 to 3 times the fasting value. In 7 patients with various hepatobiliary diseases the maximal postprandial elevation of serum bile acids was higher than in the normals, and the duration of serum bile acid elevation was significantly prolonged. In the patients with normal fasting concentration of bile acids the postprandial elevation was also significantly greater than in the controls. A 2-hour postprandial sample seems suitable for the study of the bile acid test meal response for clinical use.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Serum bile acid concentrations in patients with liver disease.

An enzymatic-fluorimetric method using a highly purified 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Sterognost-3alpha, Nyco) was used to determine fasting serum bile acid concentrations on 49 occasions in 43 patients with various liver diseases. A two-hour postprandial bile acid determination was carried out on 29 occasions in 27 of the patients. Fasting bile acid concentration correlated significantly both in cholestatic hepatobiliary and in parenchymatous liver disease to serum bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) but not to alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), alkaline phosphatase, or albumin. The two-hour postprandial bile acid concentration was above normal in all patients with biochemical and/or histological signs of hepatobiliary disease, also when fasting concentration was within normal limits. In parenchymatous liver disease correlations existed between the two-hour postprandial bile acid concentration and bilirubin, ASAT, and ALAT. The sensitivity of serum bile acid estimation was compared to other liver function tests. Both the fasting and the postprandial serum bile acid concentrations tended to be more sensitive tests of hepatobiliary disease than bilirubin, ASAT and ALAT.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Serum gastrin response to food stimulation and gastric acid secretion in male patients with ileal resection.

Gastric acid secretion before and after stimulation with pentagastrin and serum gastrin response to a test meal were recorded in 9 male controls and in 7 male patients from whom more than 50 cm of the terminal ileum had been resected because of Crohn's disease. The mean gastric acid secretion before and after stimulation was not found to be significantly different in the two groups. The mean fasting serum gastrin concentration and the serum gastrin response in absolute values were not different in the two groups. The MAO-BAO/'integrated gastrin response' was higher (p less than 0.05), and the gastrin response in relation to fasting level was lower in the patients than in the controls (p less than 0.05). The results indicate that an increased parietal cell sensitivity to gastrin is present after ileal resection. The negative acid feed back mechanism, however, seems to be at work. Under physiological conditions, therefore, the increased sensitivity may not result in acid hypersecretion.

Crohn Disease↗
PubMed1975

Quantitative determination of serum bile acids using a purified 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

A specific, simple, and reliable method for the quantitative determination of 3 alpha-hydroxy bile acids in serum in described. It is based on the specific enzymatic conversion of the 3alpha-hydroxyl group of the steroid molecule using a highly purified 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and fluorimetric determination of NADH. A liquid-solid extraction employing Amberlite XAD-2 has been used. Overall recovery of the major human bile acids from normal and jaundiced serum averaged 91.2%. The range of normal values for serum bile acids was found to be 0.9-6.3 mumoles/1 (mean 3.0).

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Effect of treatment with a bile-sequestering agent (Secholex) on intestinal absorption, duodenal bile acids, and plasma lipids.

Four female and five male patients (mean age 26 years) with hyperlipoproteinaemia type II A were treated with an anion exchange gel (Secholex) 9 g/day for 3 months and 15 g/day for 9 months. After these 12 months clofibrate 1.5 g/day was added to the therapy in 6 patients, whereas 2 patients continued with the resin alone for another 6 months, and one was withdrawn from the trial because of pregnancy. During the first year plasma cholesterol decreased averagely 18% from a mean pretreatment value of 461 mg/100 ml. Dosis of 9 g/day seemed to be as efficient as 15 g/day. When clofibrate was added, a further decrease of plasma cholesterol by 6% was observed, and the levels of triglycerides were reduced. Significantly increased concentrations of bile acids and a rise in the glycine/taurine ratio in duodenal aspirate were caused by the resin. On combined treatment the concentration of bile acids decreased to the pretreatment values, whereas the glycine/taurine ratio remained unchanged. During the trial slight transient changes in serum folic acid, fasting insulin, calcium, alkaline phosphatases, and vitamin B 12-absorption occurred. No changes in serum vitamin A, vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors, serum gastrin, gastric acid output, the absorption of glucose and iron, and faecal excretion of fat were observed. Serum insulin 30 and 60 minutes after an oral glucose loading decreased in the patients on combined treatment, whereas the insulin response remained normal in patients taking Secholex alone. Liver function tests and creatinine were unchanged during the trial. Apart from transient abdominal discomfort in two patients, no side-effects were discovered. The patients found the gel palatable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Gastrointestinal investigations in dermatitis herpetiformis.

Thirty-seven patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) have been investigated for gastric and small intestinal abnormalities. Evidence of an enteropathy was found in 86% of the patients who had IgA deposits in uninvolved skin. Villous atrophy of the small intestine was found in 29 patients. About one-half of the patients had reduced absorption of xylose and vitamin A. The Schilling test value was lowered in one-third. Serum B12 was too low in 5/28 patients whereas folic acid in serum and whole blood was too low in 14/29 and 5/19, respectively. Atrophic gastritis occurred in 14/28 patients and only about one-third of the whole patient material had normal gastric mucosal structure and secretion.

Adolescent↗