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Biomedical subjects

O Fausa

Publications and source records attributed to O Fausa.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Immunohistochemical evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen, secretory component, and epithelial IgA in tubular and villous large-bowel adenomas with different grades of dysplasia.

In a material of 513 consecutively collected large-bowel polyps, tubular and villous adenomas with corresponding histologic grades of epithelial dysplasia were selected. Fifty-two samples of the former and 27 of the latter category were evaluated semiquantitatively for immunohistochemical staining of the epithelial marker proteins carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), secretory component (SC), and IgA. No consistent differences in the overall staining properties were found between the two types of tumours. In both categories the staining intensity for SC and epithelial IgA decreased with increasing degree of dysplasia, most strikingly so for IgA. This observation shows that the malignant alterations impair the capacity of the columnar epithelium to produce SC and to express it as a functional receptor mediating uptake of dimeric IgA. Thus, the absence of epithelial IgA in large-bowel adenomas may be a useful adjunct in grading of dysplasia. Conversely, the presence of CEA did not seem to be related to dysplastic alterations in the epithelium.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1982

Absorption of short-chain fatty acids from the human colon measured by the 14CO2 breath test.

The absorption and metabolism of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been studied in 31 patients. Physiological amounts (7.5 mmol) of (1-14C)-labeled acetic, propionic, and butyric acid and (2-14C)-labeled propionic acid were instilled into the cecum and ascending part of the colon during colonoscopy, and the metabolism of acids to CO2 was measured for 24 h by the 14CO2 breath test. During the first 6 h the cumulative output of 14CO2 from the (1-14C)-labeled acetic, propionic, and butyric acids were (median and range) 50% (46%-56%), 50% (43%-56%), and 63% (58%-73%) and during 24 h 55% (50%-63%), 58% (46%-60%), and 70% (63%-83%), respectively, of the instilled dose. The elimination patterns of the (1-14C)-labeled acids were rather similar, although butyric acid was eliminated to a somewhat greater extent than acetic and propionic acid (p less than or equal to 0.01). (2-14C)-labeled propionic acid was eliminated more slowly than (1-14C)-labeled propionic acid, with a cumulative output of 37% (30%-39%) after 6 h (p less than 0.01), but reached the same value after 24 h, 54% (47%-60%). In agreement with findings in other species, humans have a great capacity for uptake and metabolism of SCFAs formed in the colon.

Acetates↗
PubMed1981

Pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in patients with enteric disease compared to normal volunteers.

Tablets of 500 mg metronidazole were given to 24 patients with intestinal diseases and to 10 healthy volunteers. The diagnoses included coeliac disease, ulcerative colitis, jejunoileal shunt, ileostomy, and Crohn's disease. Both normal subjects and patients exhibited considerable variation in serum metronidazole concentrations. This applied particularly to the patients who had somewhat slower absorption and later occurrence of serum peaks than did the normal subjects. No major deviation occurred within any of the diagnostic groups. All but the ileostomy patients exhibited a lag before apparent absorption. The individual peaks occurred after 1.5-2.0 h and was 12.7 +/- 2.1 microgram/ml in all disease groups, except the ileostomy patients who exhibited a mean of 16.2 microgram/ml. In the healthy subjects, the mean peak was 12.1 +/- 4.6 microgram/ml. A major finding was the observation that the patients as a group had a higher total area under the serum curves (AUC) than the volunteers. The AUC of normal volunteers was 108.1 microgram . h . ml-1 compared to 260.5 microgram . h. ml-1 in the patients with ileostomy and 147.6 microgram . h . ml-1 for the others. The higher AUC values in the ileostomy group were associated with longer serum half-life values. The serum half-life was 8.3 in the normals, 11.9 with ileostomy and 7.2 h in the remainder. The normal individuals and the patients with ulcerative colitis had higher rates of absorption, those with coeliac disease or ileostomy lower absorption rates than was found elsewhere. The relative volume of distribution (the distribution coefficient) was the same in the healthy individuals as in each patients group, except for the ileostomy patients. The total body clearance was 1.94 liters/h in ileostomy, 3.68 liters/h in the other patients, and 5.43 liters/h in the normal subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Cholangiographic findings in ulcerative colitis.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) was performed in 28 patients with hepatobiliary disease associated with ulcerative colitis. The films were reviewed and correlated with diagnoses at liver biopsy. Thirteen patients with extrahepatic as well as intrahepatic bile duct abnormalities had characteristic cholangiographic findings compatible with sclerosing cholangitis, together with cholangiocarcinoma in one patient. Six patients had intrahepatic bile duct involvement only, and the cholangiographic abnormalities differed from those of sclerosing cholangitis. In 5 of these patients cirrhosis of the liver was found at biopsy or clinically. The result indicates that in patients with hepatobiliary disease suggested in association with ulcerative colitis, ERC gives valuable information.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1981

Gastrin secretion before and after gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity.

Fasting, meal-stimulated, and insulin-hypoglycemia-stimulated serum gastrin levels were measured before and 3 and 12 months after gastric bypass surgery in nine obese patients. The basal gastrin concentration was unaffected by the operation. After a meal both serum gastrin and blood glucose levels were significantly increased before the operation (p less than 0.002), whereas there was no significant gastrin release in response to food 3 and 12 months after the operation. Insulin hypoglycemia did not elicit any gastrin response either before or after gastric bypass surgery, even though considerable hypoglycemia was obtained. It is concluded that this lack of gastrin release after food and insulin hypoglycemia postoperatively may in part explain the rare development of peptic ulcer in patients after extensive gastric exclusion.

Eating↗
PubMed1981

Pancreatic polypeptide secretion before and after gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity.

Basal, meal-stimulated, and insulin-stimulated secretion of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has been measured before and 3 and 12 months after gastric bypass surgery in 10 obese patients. The basal serum concentration of PP was significantly reduced after the operation. After a meal there was a significant increase in PP concentration both before and after operation. The early phase of meal-stimulated PP release was similar before and 12 months after surgery, but during the late phase the concentrations were 30% lower after the operation than preoperative values. Insulin-stimulated PP release was significantly reduced postoperatively. It is concluded that both basal and stimulated secretion of PP is significantly affected by gastric bypass surgery. The results indicate that the distal part of the stomach and the duodenum play no role in the early phase of meal-stimulated PP release and a minor role in the late phase of meal-stimulated PP release. The reduced basal level of PP and reduced PP response to insulin postoperatively indicate that gastric bypass surgery leads to impaired secretion of PP from the pancreas.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Immunohistochemistry of epithelial cell markers in normal and pathological colon mucosa. Comparison of results based on routine formalin- and cold ethanol-fixation methods.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether formal-dehyde-fixed tissue may afford reproducible and reliable immunhistochemical results when carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), secretory component (SC), and epithelial IgA are evaluated semiquantitatively in normal and pathological colon specimens. Proximate tissue samples were processed by routine formalin fixation and by a cold-ethanol fixation method, respectively, and the immunofluorescence intensities obtained for the three antigens were scored. After formalin fixation SC and epithelial IgA were generally undetectable and also the staining for CEA was markedly reduced compared with that seen after ethanol fixation. Significant antigenic "unmasking" was obtained by enzyme treatment of the formalin-fixed tissue sections--resulting in enhanced staining for SC and epithelial IgA but not consistently so for CEA. With this modification scores from duplicate tissue samples processed by the two methods showed significant correlations for all the three epithelial markers; small amounts of CEA and epithelial IgA, and especially SC, nevertheless remained undetectable after formalin fixation. This result should be taken into account when epithelial markers are applied in studies of premalignant lesions of the colon where minor changes in the antigen pattern may be of diagnostic importance.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1980

The metabolism of C3 in adult coeliac disease.

To study possible pathogenetic mechanisms in adult coeliac disease, we performed a metabolic investigation of a component (C3) of the most important effector of humoral immunity, the complement system. Purified and biologically active C3 was labelled with 125I and injected together with 131I-labelled albumin into six patients with adult coeliac disease exhibiting different degrees of disease activity. The same labelled preparations were given to 12 normal individuals. Plasma and urine radioactivity were studied for a total of 8 days. Fractional catabolic rates (FCR) and synthesis rates were calculated by the metabolic clearance method. Other mathematical methods were not used because a final straight exponential was not always obtained, probably owing to extravascular sequestration of protein. An increased FCR was found in most patients, with the highest values seen in active, untreated disease. This suggests that activation of complement by immune complexes may be a pathogenetic factor in adult coeliac disease.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1980

Sclerosing cholangitis in ulcerative colitis.

In a 5-year period 48 (14%) of 336 patients with ulcerative colitis were found to have hepatobiliary disease. The bile ducts were examined in 35 of these patients, and optimal visualization of both intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts was obtained in 26. Duct changes compatible with sclerosing cholangitis were found in 14 patients. This finding of sclerosing cholangitis in 4% of all patients admitted with ulcerative colitis by far exceeds previous estimations on the incidence of sclerosing cholangitis in ulcerative colitis. The entire colon was usually affected, and the symptoms of the bowel disease were most often mild or moderate. The age at the onset of the colitis was usually below 20 years in patients with combined ulcerative colitis and hepatobiliary disease. In most patients the hepatobiliary disease gave no symptoms. Biochemical data and the histological findings in the liver biopsies did not distinguish between patients with hepatobiliary disease with and without sclerosing cholangitis. Our follow-up study has so far shown that most patients with sclerosing cholangitis remain asymptomatic for a considerable period of time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Cystic fibrosis in adult patients.

Seven adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are described. In five the diagnosis was established at adult age, the oldest being 37 years. All of them had chronic respiratory infections, but the general condition was relatively good in five of the cases. Milder cases of CF are probably underdiagnosed in young adults. Certain features seem rather characteristic for the disease and should alert the physician. The diagnosis may be suspected when a routine chest roentgenogram shows the presence of predominantly upper lobe infiltrations, atelectasis and bronchiectasis. Chronic and recurrent lung infections, especially when they are staphylococcal, can also be a guide. The sweat test is most valuable for the diagnosis, but decreased pancreatic function can support it in doubtful cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Immunologic and gastrointestinal abnormalities in dermatitis herpetiformis.

Eighty patients with untreated dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) were studied. The final diagnosis was made after completion of immunofluorescence (IF) studies of the skin, iodine provocation tests and gastrointestinal investigations. IgA deposits in the skin and the HLA-DRw3 B-cell alloantigen can be demonstrated in nearly all cases of DH. Positive iodine provocation test and gastrointestinal abnormalities are present in about 78% of the cases. For diagnostic purposes tissue typing and intestinal biopsy is of value in addition to IF studies of the skin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Giant pseudopolyposis causing colonic obstruction. Report of a case seemingly associated with Crohn's disease of the colon.

Gian pseudopolyposis is uncommon and only one obstructive case has previously been reported. In that case the underlying disease was ulcerative colitis while the present case seemed associated with Crohn's disease. Clinically this condition imitates a malignant tumour, and because of the rarity we failed to reach the right preoperative diagnosis in spite of correct colonoscopy and biopsy findings.

Colonic Diseases↗
PubMed1977

Hereditary cholestasis combined with peripheral pulmonary stenosis and other anomalies.

A syndrome consisting of chronic intrahepatic cholestasis with retention of bile acids but with normalization of bile pigment excretion ahd blood lipids, peripheral pulmonary stenosis, vertebral anomalies and a characteristic facies is described in six patients, including a father and his daughter. An autosomal dominant mode of inheritance is suggested.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1977

Jejunal villous atrophy and granulomatous inflammation responding to a gluten--free diet.

A 48 year old female patient with intestinal malabsorption and subtotal to total jejunal villous atrophy also had granulomatous inflammation characterised by numerous epitheloid and giant cell granulomas in the stomach, the jejunum, and the liver, On a gluten-free diet a complete remission was achieved that included disappearance of the granulomatous inflammation. It is suggested that the granulomas in this case were manifestations of the gluten intolerance.

Celiac Disease↗