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Biomedical subjects

O Eremin

Publications and source records attributed to O Eremin.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Inflammatory infiltrate in prostatic hyperplasia--evidence of a host response to intraprostatic spermatozoa?

The inflammatory infiltrate was characterised in 20 samples of prostatic hyperplasia using cell surface specific monoclonal antibodies. The infiltrate was composed predominantly of CD-3+ T-lymphocytes. The distribution of the T-lymphocyte subsets (CD-4 and CD-8) between the epithelial and stromal components of the gland was significantly different, with most of the intra-epithelial infiltrate being CD8+, T cytotoxic/suppressor cells. This may be a necessary immunological barrier, as in the epididymis, to prevent the development of autoimmunisation to sperm antigens. Large numbers of CD4+ T helper/inducer cells and significant numbers of CD-11c+ macrophages were demonstrated in the extra-glandular stromal tissues, suggesting a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. Intraprostatic spermatozoa have been demonstrated recently and we have confirmed this finding on post mortem specimens. It is postulated that the presence of an intra-epithelial cytotoxic barrier and the marked stromal infiltrate may be due, in part, to the intermittent presence of spermatozoa within the prostate.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Epidermal growth factor receptor, nuclear proliferation antigen and interleukin-2 receptor expression in prostatic cancer.

Immunohistochemical methods have been used to study the relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), T-lymphocyte infiltrate, interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression and the degree of cellular proliferation using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67. EGF-R was detected in only 2 out of the 19 malignant biopsies, but was present in the benign elements of all twelve of the heterogeneous biopsies examined. The level of immune response, as indicated by the percentage of T cells expressing the IL-2R, did not correlate with the expression of the nuclear proliferation antigen determined by Ki-67 monoclonal antibody staining intensity. This study fails to show a statistically significant correlation between the expression of EGF-R or nuclear proliferation antigen and the degree of the cell mediated immune response to the tumour.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Tumour-associated proliferative responses in vitro of regional lymph nodes draining solid cancers in man.

The proliferative responses in vitro of tumour-draining lymph node lymphocytes were evaluated against autologous colon and lung carcinoma cells. The reactivity of lymphocytes appeared to be directed against tumour-associated rather than tumour-specific antigens. The lymphocyte reactivity detected was not due to an autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. Recombinant interleukin-2 augmented the responses detected but not their tumour specificity. Phenotypic characterisation indicated the presence of T suppressor/cytotoxic (TS/C) cells as well as natural killer (NK) cells. Only the later, however, were active in functional cytotoxicity assays. The inability to generate both tumour-specific proliferation of tumour-draining lymph node lymphocytes and tumour-specific cytotoxic killer cells may be due to the presence of suppressor cells in the regional lymph nodes; preliminary data suggest the presence of such cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Anaesthetic agents and their effect on tissue protein synthesis in the rat.

1. Rates of protein synthesis were measured, in vivo, in lung, liver, heart and skeletal muscle of young male rats. Groups of rats were exposed for 1 h duration to one of the following anaesthetic regimens: 1.4% halothane, 2.2% halothane, 1.4% halothane in 66% nitrous oxide, intravenous pentobarbitone (20 mg/kg) and intravenous midazolam (18 mg/kg) combined with fentanyl (2 micrograms/kg). Fractional rates of protein synthesis were determined by injecting [3H]phenylalanine (150 mumol/100 g body weight). 2. Liver protein synthesis was depressed significantly by all regimens, except midazolam/fentanyl, by up to 37.7% of control values. Lung protein synthesis was significantly reduced by all the anaesthetic agents by up to 30% of control rates. 3. The effects of the anaesthetic agents on skeletal muscle and heart were small and not statistically significant. 4. There was no evidence of ventilatory depression as manifested by changes in arterial blood gas partial pressures of CO2 and O2, except in the group treated with 2.2% halothane.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1989

Interleukin-2 with or without LAK cells in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a report of a European multicentre study.

Between October 1987 and November 1988, 95 European patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma have been treated with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) (EuroCetus) at 18 X 10(6) IU/m2/day (equivalent to 3 X 10(6) Cetus Units/m2/day) according to the West schedule in two trials. 1. Forty-two patients received rIL-2 alone. Median time between initial diagnosis and metastases was three months. Eighty-one percent of the patients had at least two involved sites at inclusion and 86% underwent prior nephrectomy. Twenty-seven patients (64%) received two successive courses. Over 80% of the planned dose was administered in 69% and 44% of patients during courses 1 and 2, respectively. Fever, hypotension, weight gain, rise in creatinine level, hepatic disturbances, anaemia and thrombocytopenia were commonly observed but resolved promptly after completion of therapy. No toxic death was recorded. Two (6%) complete responses (CR), four (13%) partial responses (PR), four stable diseases (SD) and 22 progressive diseases (PD) were observed. The response rate is 6/32 (19%); the median progression-free survival time is not reached at 218+ days (92-394). 2. Fifty-three patients received rIL-2 with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Median time from primary diagnosis to metastases was three months. Eighty-five percent of patients had at least two involved sites though 73% had previously undergone nephrectomy. Forty patients (75%) received two successive induction courses. Most patients, i.e. respectively, 77% and 60%, were given at least 80% of the planned dose during courses 1 and 2. Median numbers of LAK cells infused were 13.1 and 11.6 X 10(9) nucleated cells per course, respectively. Toxicity was not different from that described above; no toxic death occurred; five CR (10%), nine PR (18%), 11 SD and 26 PD were observed. The response rate is 14/51 (27%) and the median progression-free survival time is not reached at 7.2+ months (3-13.1). In conclusion, rIL-2, with or without LAK cells, is obviously active on metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The difference in response rate between the two trials is not statistically significant but has to be paralleled with the difference in dose received by the patients rather than with the addition of a cellular therapy. Toxicity was always manageable and reversible. The association of rIL-2 with other lymphokines should represent a major issue to improve the response rate and will be considered in further European studies.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1987

In vitro generation of tumour-specific lymphocyte reactivity to colonic carcinoma cells. Comparison with normal colonic mucosa cells.

Purified tumour cells and normal mucosa cells from fresh human colorectal cancer resection specimens, and T-cell-enriched autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes, were mixed in short-term (6 day) mixed lymphocyte-tumour cell (MLTC) microcultures. Lymphocyte stimulation was measured by 3H-thymidine uptake, and a stimulation index (SI = [lymphocytes vs tumour cells (cpm)-tumour cells (cpm)]/[lymphocytes (cpm)] greater than 3 was regarded as significant. Significant lymphocyte reactivity was found in 10/15 patients with colon carcinoma. However, 1 patient with autologous tumour reactivity, also showed significant stimulation against autologous normal mucosa cells, suggesting tumour-associated reactivity. Maximum stimulation occurred most frequently at a lymphocyte:tumour cell ratio of 2:1 and with nylon wool-passaged lymphocytes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Beneficial response to pituitary ablation following aminoglutethimide.

Twenty-five postmenopausal women with advanced carcinoma of the breast, who were treated initially with aminoglutethimide alone (14 patients) or combined with tamoxifen (11 patients) had, on relapse or failure of treatment, a pituitary ablation performed. Initial therapy had produced a complete response in one patient, a partial response in 7, disease stasis in 6 but was without benefit in 8 patients. A further three patients were intolerant of aminoglutethimide therapy. Ten of these 25 patients benefited from subsequent pituitary ablation (1 complete response, 4 partial responses and 5 disease stasis), both local and distant sites of disease being influenced by this further therapy. Experience is also reported of 10 patients with advanced breast cancer who were treated initially by pituitary ablation and then subsequently received aminoglutethimide therapy. None responded. It is concluded that pituitary ablation should be considered for patients with progressive disease following aminoglutethimide therapy, irrespective of the therapeutic response to aminoglutethimide.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Sinus histiocytes in axillary lymph nodes from patients with breast cancer: macrophage characteristics and activation level.

Cell suspensions from 16 tumour-free axillary lymph nodes from breast cancer patients were prepared, using collagenase digestion to free the sinus histiocytes from the fibrous stroma of the nodes. The histiocytic cells so obtained were then characterized using four surface markers: Fc(IgG) receptors, C3 receptors, DR antigen and a macrophage-associated antigen (defined by the monoclonal antibody VEP-7). In addition phagocytosis was assessed using IgG-coated red cells, and both lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin were localized by means of immunoperoxidase staining. The results demonstrated that the majority of sinus histiocytes carried surface macrophage markers, but that a minority displayed phagocytosis and the presence of lysozyme or alpha-1-antitrypsin.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1986

Oestrogen receptor concentration and macrophage infiltration in human breast cancer.

Oestrogen receptor concentration and percentage macrophage content were estimated in 40 human primary breast cancers. Macrophages were identified by Fc (IgG) receptor expression and by the presence of a macrophage-associated antigen. A significant inverse correlation between receptor concentration and macrophage content was found, and this was strengthened by correcting receptor level for tumour cellularity.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Acute pancreatitis in association with small cell lung carcinoma: potential pitfall in diagnosis and management.

Tumour metastases to the pancreas are a rare but recognized cause of acute pancreatitis, there is a 24-40% incidence of pancreatic involvement from small cell lung cancer in autopsy series but only a very few cases of tumour-induced acute pancreatitis have been described. Chemotherapy has been advocated as the primary therapy in patients with known oat cell carcinoma who develop acute pancreatitis. We describe 2 patients with acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis in association with disseminated small cell carcinoma but without evidence of tumour invasion in the gland and with gall stones present in the gall bladder. Chemotherapy would have been inappropriate therapy for these patients.

Acute Disease↗