False-positive radioiodine uptake in lung carcinoma.
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Bone and Bones↗
Biomedical subjects
O Eber
Publications and source records attributed to O Eber.
[Clinical aspects of autoimmune thyroid diseases].
AITD (autoimmune thyroid disease) comprise atrophic thyroiditis (AT), hypertrophic Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and immunogenic hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease, GD). Combinations with other types of autoimmune disorders frequently occur and are called polyglandular autoimmune syndrome. Familial disposition may be documented by genetic markers: GD and AT are associated with HLA-B8 and DR3 respectively, while HT associates with DR5. Pathogenesis of the fore-mentioned 3 AITD may be explained on the one hand by an immunological balance and on the other hand by a predominance of either stimulating or destructive/blocking immune processes. In diagnosing AITD the determination of antibodies against thyroglobulin or thyroidal peroxidase have been in use for quite some times. Antibodies directed against TSH receptors (TRAb) are determined by means of a radioligand assay which will not distinguish between stimulating or blocking antibodies, so that clinical symptoms and thyroid function parameters are essential in evaluating hyper- oder hypothyroid function. TRAb are transferred via the placenta and should therefore be determined in patients with AITD within the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The prevalence of AITD is far higher in iodine rich countries and is 4 times more frequent in women, with a general age peak between the 5th and 6th decade. The rare AT mostly presents as primary myxoedema and is discovered less frequently during the exploration of an unclear hypercholesterolemia. In HT we differentiate between the chronic fibrous and the juvenile oxiphilic variant. In the former fibrosis is predominant with plasmacellular infiltration producing extremely high titers of antibodies enabling diagnosis without fine needle biopsy (FNB). In the latter, the oxiphilic variant, titers of antibodies are mostly low or even missing so that a reliable diagnosis will require a FNB. However, two thirds of adolescent goitres are caused by HT.
Autoantibodies↗
[Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia in long-term amiodarone treated patients].
A serum sample of an outpatient, under long-term amiodarone (AM) treatment was submitted for routine checkup of thyroid function parameters. It revealed the pattern of euthyroid dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia. Since no results have been published so far covering the influence of amiodarone on the specific thyroxine binding proteins, we undertook a prospective study to investigate 28 amiodarone patients, comparing these with a series of age and sex matched euthyroid subjects. Not one amiodarone patient showed changed radio-T4 distribution against the normal group. Yet, in 3 relatives of the propositus, familial screening revealed the typical pattern of thyroid function tests and of T4 distribution in radio immune ice gel electrophoresis, respectively, proving familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia syndrome. Thus, it is most likely that this syndrome has been prevalent already prior to the amiodarone administration and consequently amiodarone was of no influence on thyroxine transport protein patterns.
Adult↗
[Hemorheologic effects of ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Dose-dependent effect of EGb 761 on microcirculation and viscoelasticity of blood].
METHOD: In a randomized open clinical trial involving 42 patients with pathological visco-elasticity values, the effect of a single intravenous injection of 50, 100, 150 or 200 mg of the Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761, commercially available as Tebonin p.i. on the microcirculation of the skin (Doppler flowmetry) and the visco-elasticity of whole blood was investigated. RESULTS: A dose-dependent significant increase in the microcirculation was found. In the case of visco-elasticity, this dose-dependence was less marked. The present study thus confirms the positive effect of EGb 761 on the microcirculation and whole-blood visco-elasticity in patients with pathological visco-elasticity values, already found in earlier studies, and shows it to be dependent on the dose employed.
Aged↗
99mTc-DTPA aerosol for same-day post-perfusion ventilation imaging: results of a multicentre study.
A multicentre study was performed in an attempt to evaluate a submicronic technetium-99m diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid aerosol generated by a newly developed delivery system, the aerosol production equipment (APE nebulizer), for same-day post-perfusion ventilation imaging in patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism. Quantitative comparison between the DTPA aerosol and krypton gas demonstrated a close correlation with respect to regional pulmonary distribution of activity and peripheral lung penetration (n = 14, r = 0.94, P < 0.001 and r = 0.75, P < 0.0025, respectively). In 169 consecutive patients, DTPA aerosol images performed immediately following perfusion (inhalation scan I) were compared to those carried out on the next day (inhalation scan II) with respect to image quality and assessment of perfusion-ventilation matches or mismatches. Agreement between inhalation scans I and II with respect to perfusion defects matched or mismatched to ventilation was found in 166/169 (98%) studies. The image quality of inhalation scan I was equal to that of scan II in 72%; inhalation scan I was superior in 11% of cases, while scan II was superior in 17%. This submicronic 99mTc-labelled DTPA aerosol is well suited for fast same-day post-perfusion ventilation imaging in patients with clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism.
Aerosols↗
The impact of geographical, clinical, dietary and radiation-induced features in epidemiology of thyroid cancer.
Cancer of the thyroid accounts for less than 1% of all cancers recognised each year, but the incidence is rising. Much of the early work of the epidemiology and aetiology of thyroid cancer was based on the assumption that thyroid cancer can be treated as an entity. The recognition that two distinct types of endocrine cell occur within the thyroid has made it clear that any discussion of the aetiology and epidemiology of thyroid malignancies must take into account the histological classification of these tumours. Moreover, there are difficult problems to be considered when comparing thyroid cancer incidence across tumour registries, because of a lack of standardisation or morbidity data collection, difficulties in histological diagnosis, varying rates of diagnosis of occult papillary carcinoma, and prevalence and techniques of autopsies. So far only a relatively small proportion of thyroid cancer cases can be explained with adequate certainty as regards epidemiology and aetiology. As in cancer in general, the aetiology and epidemiology of thyroid cancer in detail remains unknown in the majority of cases.
Adult↗
Expression of various MHC class II molecules and of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on focal clusters of dendritic cells in iodine deficiency goitres.
Thyroid sections from 18 consecutive euthyroid patients undergoing surgery for iodine deficiency goitre were investigated by means of immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, evaluating the expression of MHC class II antigens (HLA-DR, -DP, -DQ, and RFD1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on the formerly described clusters of dendritic cells, as well as on thyrocytes. Eleven of 18 iodine deficiency goitres contained clusters of dendritic cells. These clusters appeared to express only HLA-DR in two cases; in nine of 12 cases they showed a differential expression of class II molecules in the following frequency: HLA-DR > DQ and/or -DP > RFD1. These dendritic cells also were ICAM-1+. In four of 18 iodine deficiency goitres, thyroid epithelial cells showed MHC class II expression in several combinations, but were ICAM-1-. In normal thyroids and in nodular goitres from inhabitants of the endemic area not having an actual iodine deficiency, only sparse clusters of dendritic cells were found; these cells were only HLA-DR+. Follicle lining cells were negative for the MHC class II molecules. In normal thyroids from an area with sufficient iodine supply, no clusters of dendritic cells were seen. The few dendritic cells observed were lying isolated in the interstitium and only positive for HLA-DR and ICAM-1; epithelial cells were negative for the studied markers. These data show clusters of dendritic cells in thyroids of inhabitants of an endemic area. When goitre is accompanied by iodine deficiency at the moment of operation, there appears to be activation of these dendritic cells and of thyroid epithelial cells.
Adult↗
The effect of treatment with levothyroxine or iodine on thyroid size and thyroid growth stimulating immunoglobulins in endemic goitre patients.
OBJECTIVE: We assessed the effect of levothyroxine or iodine on thyroid size and on thyroid growth stimulating immunoglobulins in endemic goitre patients. DESIGN: Levothyroxine or iodine was given orally in an open randomized prospective study (100 and 200 micrograms respectively). PATIENTS: Thirty-seven euthyroid patients with diffuse iodine deficiency goitres and thyroid growth stimulating immunoglobulins were studied. MEASUREMENTS: Thyroid size, thyroid growth stimulating immunoglobulins (mitosis arrest assay), basal TSH, free T3, free T4, thyroid anti-microsomal antibodies, antithyroglobulin antibodies, anti-TSH receptor antibodies and urinary iodine excretion were measured. RESULTS: Thyroid size decreased significantly in both groups, in the levothyroxine group more than in the iodine treated group. Thyroid growth stimulating immunoglobulins levels also decreased significantly in both groups. Between groups there was no statistically significant difference. A statistically significant correlation between thyroid growth stimulating immunoglobulins reduction profiles and goitre size reduction could not be established. TSH levels became suppressed in the levothyroxine group while the T4 values rose; in the iodine treated group TSH levels stayed constant as did T4. None of the patients developed thyroid microsomal or thyroglobulin auto-antibodies and/or hyperthyroidism during the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Levothyroxine as well as iodine was effective in reducing thyroid size as well as thyroid growth stimulating immunoglobulins levels in endemic goitre patients. Since in both groups TSH levels were not related to thyroid size reduction, other factors than TSH suppression must be responsible for the observed thyroid size reduction. Iodine itself by virtue of its antiproliferative action on thyrocytes may have had a direct action on the goitre reduction during iodine treatment; however, the levothyroxine dose, containing less iodine, had a similar effect. A complicated picture hence emerges with regard to factors involved in the shrinkage of iodine deficiency goitre during thyroxine or iodine therapy. These findings indicate that TSH and thyroid growth promoting immunoglobulins are not the only influences on the size of endemic goitres, although it cannot be excluded that these two factors contribute to influence the pathogenetic process.
Antibodies↗
Comparison of direct versus indirect determination of zinc concentration in erythrocytes in euthyroid and hyperthyroid subjects.
Zinc concentration in erythrocytes is a suitable marker of peripheral tissue response to thyroid hormones. Therefore, the determination of erythrocyte zinc concentration has become an important marker for duration of preexisting hyperthyroidism in the clinical laboratory. We compared a new indirect erythrocyte zinc determination method with a commonly used direct method in 42 euthyroid and 14 hyperthyroid subjects. Zinc concentrations (median and range) obtained by direct and indirect methods were 172.8 (134.4-241.1) and 176.8 (143-243.9) mumol/l erythrocytes in the euthyroid group and 117.1 (71-141.9) and 118.5 (73-137) mumol/l erythrocytes in the hyperthyroid group. Values measured by the indirect method were slightly higher in both groups. Regression analysis showed a good correlation (r = 0.967, p = 0.0001). The influence of the anticoagulants, potassium EDTA and heparin, on erythrocyte and plasma zinc values was studied, and zinc concentrations in serum and plasma were compared. No statistically significant differences were found. Thus, the indirect determination of erythrocyte zinc concentration is a simple and rapid technique well suited for use in clinical laboratory work, yielding accurate and reliable results. For the indirect method reference concentrations were established in a collective of 102 thyroid healthy subjects. An erythrocyte zinc concentration of 176.3 +/- 23.9 mumol/l (mean +/- SD) was found with a cut-off limit of 138 mumol/l to hyperthyroidism.
Biomarkers↗
Evaluating cavernous hepatic hemangiomas.
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Hemangioma, Cavernous↗
[Iodine content of infant food in Austria].
An adequate iodine supplementation is essential for the normal and intellectual development in premature birth and in newborns. The ceric arsenite reaction method modified by the authors was applied to examine whether a sufficient iodine content in milk samples of four manufacturers ensured the iodine supply of bottlefed preterms and fullterms. Only very few of 23 preparations examined contained the required iodine content recommended by the Food and Drug Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Research Council of the United States, the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, and the German Society of Nutrition. It could be demonstrated that the majority of the commercially available baby food-milk preparations contained insufficient quantities of iodine. To assure a sufficient iodine supply in this bottlefed group it would be necessary to add a varied quantity of iodine to formula milk or to prepare baby food with iodine containing mineral water. Moreover, manufacturers might use milk from cows fed with iodinated salt. The results show clearly that an improvement in iodine content of commercial baby food is essential for the cerebral development of solely bottlefed newborns.
Austria↗
False-positive scans in papillary thyroid carcinoma.
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Carcinoma, Papillary↗
[Beta-carotene, vitamin A and carrier proteins in thyroid diseases].
The conversion of beta-carotene (provitamin A) to 2 molecules of vitamin A (retinol) is accelerated by thyroxine and hyperthyroidism, respectively. The characteristic yellow tint of the skin in hypothyroidism is due to hyper-beta-carotenemia. Both in hyper- and hypothyroidism in a retinol deficiency has been observed in literature. In a series of 36 patients (16 hyper-, 8 hypo-, and 12 euthyroid) serum samples were analyzed for retinol and beta-carotene levels (high pressure liquid chromatography) as well as retinol binding protein (radial immune diffusion), prealbumin (nephelometry), and serum zinc values (atomic absorption spectrometry) were established. The beta-carotene serum level in the hypothyroid group (mean 1.1 microgram/ml) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in relation to euthyroid controls (0.6 microgram/ml), the hyperthyroid group showed significantly lower values (0.3 microgram/ml). RBP and prealbumin concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in hyperthyroid as against eu- and hypothyroid patients. Surprisingly, in all 3 groups the retinol levels were not significantly different, although the hyperthyroid group was slightly lower (0.6 microgram/ml) than the mean value of 0.7 micrograms/ml in the other groups. A vitamin A and protein rich food, customary in Central Europe, seems to rule out any vitamin A deficiency both in hyper- and hypothyroidism. However, the beta-carotene values are significantly higher in hypothyroidism, while in hyperthyroidism they were lower. As intrahepatic zinc content plays an important role in the synthesis of RBP and its secretion together with retinol, we also analyzed this component: The serum zinc levels in hyperthyroid patients were clearly higher (79.1 micrograms/dl) than in the hypothyroid group with 57 micrograms/dl (p < 0.05).
Adult↗
[TBG isoforms in the course of hyperthyroidism].
In 7 hyperthyroid patients on the one hand thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) was determined by commercially available radioimmunoassay and on the other hand TBG-isovariants were established by means of isoelectric focusing. For assessment blood samples were taken upon admittance to our hospital and 2 and 4 weeks thereafter, respectively, during antithyroid drug treatment. A comparative series of 10 euthyroid subjects were equally evaluated. Both groups showed no significant differences of TBG values at onset and in the course of antithyroid treatment. However, TBG isovariants showed significant decreases in anionic bands (pH 4.25 to 4.45) whereas a significant increase in cathodic bands (pH 4.55 to 4.65) at onset of treatment compared to the euthyroid control group could be observed. During the course of antithyroid treatment the values of TBG-isobands reversed reaching the pattern of normal group. In contrast to the recent research by Hashizume et al. we observed no reduction in TBG level in hyperthyroid patients although a significant shift in the TBG isovariants could be established. Due to the antithyroid treatment prescribed, the TBG isovariants finally reached the normal pattern of euthyroid controls.
Female↗
[Modification of maximal binding capacity and radio-T3/T4 distribution by carbamazepine and diclofenac].
Marked changes in plasma thyroid function parameters due to medication have been described in literature. We, therefore, studied the influence of routine administration of carbamazepine and diclofenac upon the radio T3/T4 distribution to specific thyroid transport proteins as well as their maximal binding capacity (MBC) for T4. Both drugs have been found to lead to changes in T3 and T4 distribution but not to any influence upon MBC. The parameters of thyroid function mostly revealed reduced FT3 and FT4 values while bTSH was affected only by carbamazepine administration.
Adolescent↗
[Iodine content of thyroid tissue in the Styrian population].
The iodine concentration was determined in 89 thyroid tissue samples of post-mortem examination material of thyroid healthy persons in dependency to the age. Before the 22nd week little iodine is stored in the fetal thyroid gland (median and range: 24 micrograms/g wet weight [0 to 27 micrograms/g]). From the 23rd week on the concentration is significantly higher (p = 0.004). There is a further increase of iodine concentration in the first 6 months of life, with a median concentration of 171 micrograms/g (75 to 808 micrograms/g). With a median of 599 micrograms/g (464 to 699 micrograms/g) the iodine concentration in the second year of life is comparable with that of adults (640 micrograms/g [218 to 2772 micrograms/g]). From the 60th year of life the median concentration is 462 micrograms/g (155 to 2100 micrograms/g), but this decrease is not statistically significant. Additionally the iodine concentration was determined in 7 topographically defined regions of 28 thyroid glands. The median iodine concentration did not differ in the 7 regions, but the iodine content in one and the same thyroid gland differed from region to region. Therefore in the healthy thyroid gland no regions exist, which have generally stored less iodine than others. However, no conclusion can be drawn from the iodine concentration of one biopsy to the whole iodine concentration of the organ.
Adolescent↗
[Modification of blood viscosity and elasticity. Principle therapeutic approach in relation to its pathophysiology].
Exercising a therapeutic influence on the viscoelastic properties of whole blood is a very complex matter. In general, apart from hemodilution, the modification of such factors as erythrocyte aggregation, red cell rigidity or plasma viscosity, all of which may be influenced more or less independently of one another, are possible approaches. The present article discusses the basic possibilities of influencing the viscoelasticity of blood for therapeutic purposes, with attention being paid in particular to the pathogenesis of hyperviscosemia.
Blood Viscosity↗
Hypervolemic haemodilution and completed stroke: how important is the application time for its effect?
In 75 patients with completed stroke hypervolemic haemodilution was performed for 1 day with 500 ml 6% HES 200.000/0.6-0.66 (Elohäst) to test the acute influence of application time for haemorheological changes. The patients were divided into 3 groups randomly selected: group A received the infusion for 2 hours, group B for 4 hours and group C for 6 hours. Haematocrit (HCT), whole blood viscosity (VI-VB), blood elasticity (EL-VB) and plasma viscosity (VI-PL) were determined before onset of infusion, after 6 and 18 hours subsequently. The values obtained were compared with the onset results. In all groups and parameters after 6 hours there was a significant decrease. After 18 hours group A showed a significant higher value of HCT and increasing trends for VI-VB and EL-VB. In group B after 18 hours a significant decrease of VI-VB could be observed. In group C all values remained significantly below the onset. The results show, that one important haemorheological argument for an effective form of haemodilution should also be a long application time. This might be one of the reasons, why in some studies with hypervolemic haemodilution no positive results could be obtained.
Adult↗