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Biomedical subjects

N Zaias

Publications and source records attributed to N Zaias.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A review of two controlled multicenter trials comparing 0.05% halobetasol propionate ointment to its vehicle in the treatment of chronic eczematous dermatoses.

The efficacy and safety of 0.05% halobetasol propionate ointment were evaluated in patients with chronic atopic or other eczematous dermatoses in two vehicle-controlled, double-blind studies: a paired-comparison study in 124 patients (study A) and a parallel-group study in 100 patients (study B). In study A, patients applied both treatments twice daily for 2 weeks and were evaluated by investigators on days 0, 7, and 14 with 0 to 3 severity scales and by self-assessment with two 5-step end-of-treatment rating scales. In study B, patients applied treatments twice daily for 2 weeks, and investigators made evaluations on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 with 0 to 6 scales and also made a 5-step end-of-treatment physician's global assessment. In study A, both severity scores and patient ratings favored halobetasol propionate significantly on days 7 (p less than or equal to 0.0013) and 14 (p less than 0.0001); in study B, severity scores on days 3 (p less than or equal to 0.045, pruritus, erythema, and overall lesion severity), 7, and 14 (p less than 0.001, all comparisons) also favored halobetasol propionate significantly, and global assessments showed complete resolution or marked improvement for 83% of patients using halobetasol propionate versus 28% of those using vehicle (p less than 0.0001). No instances of systemic effects or skin atrophy were reported in either study. We conclude that 0.05% halobetasol propionate ointment is highly effective and well tolerated in the treatment of the conditions studied, with the rapid action and high degree of clearing associated with superpotent corticosteroid formulations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Treatment of chronic moccasin-type tinea pedis with terbinafine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Terbinafine is an orally and topically active fungicidal drug of the allylamine series. Its oral efficacy at 125 mg taken twice daily was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in moccasin-type tinea pedis. The study was conducted simultaneously in two centers and consisted of 41 evaluable cases (23 terbinafine, 18 placebo). Mycologic cure and near to complete clearing of signs and symptoms were obtained in 59% of the terbinafine-treated patients after 6 weeks of treatment and in 65% at 2 weeks after treatment. Corresponding efficacy for placebo-treated patients was zero at both evaluations. Side effects in both groups were minimal. We conclude that terbinafine is well tolerated and highly effective in moccasin-type tinea pedis.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1990

Management of onychomycosis with oral terbinafine.

The safety and efficacy of oral terbinafine in the treatment of finger onychomycosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum were evaluated in an open study including 11 patients. Treatment consisted of 125 mg of terbinafine given twice daily for 6 months or until the infection cleared. At the end of the treatment period, all patients were clinically and mycologically normal, with the drug acting as a fungal barrier to prevent further distal fungal invasion into the nailplate. Mild gastric discomfort in one patient was the only side effect reported during this study. No laboratory abnormalities were detected.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

The successful treatment of finger Trichophyton rubrum onychomycosis with oral terbinafine.

Eleven patients with distal subungal onychomycosis of the fingers by Trichophyton rubrum infection were treated with daily doses of oral terbinafine, a new allylamine derivative. A 125-mg capsule was given twice daily. Each patient's nailplate was marked appropriately following the Zaias and Drachman method for the determination of antifungal efficacy in onychomycosis. Patients were monitored monthly for the antifungal effect of the drug, as well as side-effects, including laboratory values for liver and kidney function tests and a full blood count. At the end of 6 months, all 11 patients were clinically and mycologically normal. It can be concluded that 250 mg (125 mg b.i.d.) oral terbinafine is the most appropriate drug for the treatment of finger onychomycosis. No side-effects of any kind were noted in this 6-month period. Onychomycosis is a common disease of the toenails. No topical treatments have yet been found to be satisfactory. In a very motivated patient-doctor relationship, the use of topically applied thiabendazole has proved effective, particularly after nailplate avulsion. Systemic antifungal treatment is possible with griseofulvin and ketoconazole. Griseofulvin may cause enzyme induction in the liver, which requires a higher dose intake to achieve results. This has been demonstrated using the Zaias and Drachman method of judging successful antifungal clinical effects in onychomycosis. Ketoconazole is a very effective drug which must be carefully monitored. Its difficulties are with liver function, anti-androgenic dysfunction in males, and adrenal dysfunction. There is a great need for an effective and safe oral systemic drug. Terbinafine is an allylamine derivative which is highly antifungal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Vesicular scabies in an adult.

We describe an unusual vesicular eruption occurring secondary to scabies in an elderly patient receiving high-dose prednisone therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Naftifine cream in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis.

Naftifine, a member of a new class of synthetic antifungal drugs, the allylamines, was evaluated for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis. In a double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial, sixty patients with cutaneous candidiasis were randomly assigned to receive either naftifine cream 1 percent or its vehicle twice a day for three weeks. Two weeks after the end of therapy, 77 percent of the naftifine-treated patients were mycologically cured (negative results on potassium hydroxide preparations and culture) and had no clinically apparent disease, compared with 3 percent of the patients treated with vehicle (p less than 0.001). Side effects reported with naftifine cream were few and minor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Clinical evaluation of pediculicidal and ovicidal efficacy of two pyrethrin-piperonyl-butoxide formulations.

The pediculicidal and ovicidal efficacy of two pyrethrin-piperonyl-butoxide agents was evaluated in 40 children infested with head lice. Both commercial products, a lotion and a shampoo, had similar formulations. Specifically, the shampoo vehicle was tested to determine whether its surface-tension-lowering action made it more effective as an ovicidal agent than the lotion. Results of the study indicate that the shampoo is 49% more effective than the lotion as an ovicide.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1986

Multicentre double-blind clinical trials of ciclopirox olamine cream 1% in the treatment of tinea corporis and tinea cruris.

In separate multicentre, randomized, double-blind clinical trials, 1% ciclopirox olamine cream was compared with its cream vehicle and with 1% clotrimazole cream as treatment for tinea corporis and tinea cruris. Patients who demonstrated clinical and mycological findings consistent with the diagnoses of tinea corporis or tinea cruris were included in the study. Clinical and mycological evaluations were made pretreatment, at the end of each of the four weeks of treatment, and weekly for the two weeks immediately following cessation of treatment. In both studies, use of ciclopirox olamine cream resulted in demonstrable improvements after the first week of therapy and in complete clinical and mycological clearing in two thirds of the patients at the end of the treatment period. These results were maintained through the two-week drug-free observation period that followed the end of treatment. Statistically, the results with ciclopirox olamine cream were significantly better than those with the vehicle and were equivalent to those with clotrimazole cream. All treatments were well tolerated.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1986

Multicenter study comparing 0.05% gel formulations of desoximetasone and fluocinonide in patients with scalp psoriasis.

A double-blind, multicenter study was conducted to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of desoximetasone gel 0.05% and fluocinonide gel 0.05% in patients with scalp psoriasis. One hundred twenty-five patients were enrolled in this randomized, parallel-group trial. Responses based on clinical assessment in 123 patients showed that the desoximetasone gel formulation is a safe and effective treatment for psoriasis of the scalp. Although efficacy appears equivalent to that of fluocinonide gel 0.05% in treating psoriasis of the scalp, desoximetasone appears to be slightly better tolerated and better accepted cosmetically.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

Onychomycosis.

This article summarizes the diseases of the nail caused by fungi. The clinical appearance of the diseases are the key to understanding their causes. Therapy is updated. Specifically discussed are distal subungual onychomycosis, white superficial onychomycosis, proximal subungual onychomycosis, and onychomycosis in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A method for the determination of drug effectiveness in onychomycosis. Trials with ketoconazole and griseofulvin ultramicrosize.

A new method for assessing drug effectiveness in onychomycosis is presented. It is based on the clinical experience when three systemic antifungal drugs (griseofulvin, thiabendazole, and ketoconazole) are used against onychomycosis. These drugs act clinically as a barrier to the invasion of the fungus toward the proximal areas of the nail plate. A monthly quantity of normal nail plate should be produced by a given subject after the administration of an effective dose of the antifungal being tested. This quantity is best measured at monthly intervals, and this in fact reflects the normal monthly nail plate growth for the individual. Although there is a slight variation among individuals, most normal healthy subjects grow 1.5 to 2 mm of nail plate per month from their large toenails and 3 to 4 mm of nail plate per month from their fingernails. Utilizing this quantitative system, ketoconazole and griseofulvin ultramicrosize were compared in the treatment of distal subungual onychomycosis by Trichophyton rubrum. In a double-blind study, sixteen patients were treated. It appears that both griseofulvin and ketoconazole can eradicate the episode of onychomycosis. One-year use of a topical antifungal cream after clinical cure of onychomycosis prevented reinfection in the 12-month follow-up period. The use of ketoconazole in long-term therapy may result in serious side effects and should be considered carefully prior to treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Pitted and ringed keratolysis. A review and update.

The varied clinical manifestations of pitted keratolysis in the soles and of ringed keratolysis in the palms are presented. The etiologic agent, a species of Corynebacterium, has been proved to produce similar lesions in experimental patients. The histopathology in the stratum corneum and its treatment are also summarized.

Administration, Topical↗