Biomedical subjects
N W Thompson
Publications and source records attributed to N W Thompson.
Complications of total thyroidectomy for carcinoma.
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New techniques in the treatment of extensive fibromuscular disease involving the renal arteries.
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Central venous aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas.
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Occult rupture of the spleen.
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Late complications of traumatic arteriovenous fistulas.
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Free bowel perforations with regional enteritis.
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Hydroxyethyl starch: extracellular cryophylactic agent for erythrocytes.
Studies in vitro indicate that hydroxyethyl starch is an effective extracellular cryoprotective agent for erythrocytes. It is as effective as polyvinylpyrrolidone in cryophylactic ability. It is degraded to glucose units in the circulation, is not retained in tissues, and is inexpensive to produce. Changes in the size and degree of hydroxyethylation of the branched-chain starch may result in a more effective cryoprotective agent.
Duplication of the duodenum in the adult.
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The spectrum of emetogenic injury to the esophagus and stomach.
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Vagotomy and pyloroplasty for duodenal ulcer.
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Sphenoid sinus brown tumor, hypercalcemia, and blindness: an unusual presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism.
This is a first report of primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) masquerading as a destructive fibrous sphenoid sinus "Brown tumor" associated with progressive blindness and hypercalcemia. Diagnosis of a Brown tumor was delayed despite serial computerized tomography of the head and repeated transnasal and transethmoid sphenoid biopsies demonstrating diffuse fibrosis. Only detection and medical evaluation of hypercalcemia, demonstrating elevation of both serum calcium and C-terminal parathyroid hormone with an elevated chloride/phosphate ratio, prompted neck exploration, thus confirming a solitary left superior parathyroid adenoma. Postoperative normocalcemia occurred synchronously with the return of light perception and the arrest of sphenoid sinus and parasellar erosion. Although maxillary Brown tumors of secondary HPT have been reported, this is the first report of osteitis fibrosa of the sphenoid sinus. Differential diagnosis of an erosive sphenoid lesion with cranial nerve dysfunction, exclusive of inflammatory or vascular disease, should include sarcoidosis, primary and metastatic sphenoid carcinoma, fibrous dysplasia, giant cell reparative granuloma, midline lethal granuloma, chordoma, and chondrosarcoma. Furthermore, the bony destructive lesions with concomitant hypercalcemia of sarcoidosis and HPT are distinguishable by radiographic and laboratory analyses and by the Dent corticosteroid suppression test. Hypercalcemia of primary HPT is associated with elevated serum C-terminal parathormone, osteitis fibrosa, a negative Dent test, and a chloride/phosphate ratio greater than 33 in 94% of primary HPT patients. Hypercalcemia of sarcoidosis is associated with a normal or decreased C-terminal parathormone assay and a positive Dent test, as well as elevated serum immunoglobulins and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a positive angiotensin-converting enzyme assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Duodenal gastrinomas, duodenotomy, and duodenal exploration in the surgical management of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Studies have shown that the duodenum is a more common site (30-40%) of primary gastrinomas than previously reported. These tumors are often occult to conventional exploration, and their detection requires duodenotomy and meticulous evaluation of the mucosa by eversion and direct palpation. Furthermore, tumors as small as 1 to 2 mm may be associated with lymph node metastases. Seven patients with duodenal gastrinomas treated during a 2-year period are reported. Four had sporadic Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES), and three had multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN-I) syndrome. All seven patients had malignant duodenal gastrinomas as proved by metastatic lymph nodes and in one case a large liver metastasis as well. Local excision of the tumor, lymph node excisions, and in one case liver lobectomy resulted in eugastrinemia in the 4 with sporadic ZES. Two of the three with MEN-I were also eugastrinemic after similar procedures, with the addition of distal pancreatectomy. Duodenotomy is considered an essential procedure in sporadic ZES patients when no pancreatic tumor is found and in all MEN-I/ZES patients, regardless of the pancreatic findings. Regional lymph node excisions are essential when a duodenal tumor has been found.
Stricture and perforation of the esophagus: overlooked threats in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
This study was undertaken to assess the frequency of significant esophageal involvement in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). In a consecutive series of 24 patients with this disease, 9 (37%) showed endoscopic evidence of acid-induced esophageal lesions ranging from erosive inflammation to ulceration with massive bleeding, severe stricture formation, and perforation. In 3 cases, pronounces esophagitis was known 1-5 years before the underlying disease was diagnosed. Severe esophageal complications developed despite treatment with antisecretory drugs. It is emphasized that the best way to limit such complications is by excision of the underlying gastrin-secreting tumor(s) when possible.
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents.
From 1936 to 1990, 89 children and adolescents (72 girls and 17 boys) were treated for differentiated thyroid carcinoma at the University of Michigan Medical Center; 58 of these patients were first reported in 1971. Thirty (34%) patients had previously received external irradiation to the head and neck, although only 1 (3%) patient of the last 33 patients seen had this history. Patients first presenting from 1971 to 1990 had less advanced disease than those seen earlier. Also, during this time period, the rate of initial palpable cervical adenopathy fell from 63% to 36%, local infiltration of primary cancer from 31% to 6%, and initial pulmonary metastases from 19% to 6%. The incidence of cervical nodal metastases has remained 88% for 54 years. Papillary or the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma was found in 93% of all patients. Seventy-nine (89%) patients had total or completion total thyroidectomy. Surgical management of lymphatic metastases varied from regional excision of nodes to radical neck dissection. The overall rate of permanent accidental recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and hypoparathyroidism was 4.5%, although neither has occurred in a child or adolescent undergoing surgery at the center in the past 25 years. The most recent 33 patients had a low rate of local/regional persistence or recurrence. Cervical nodal persistence occurred in 21%; there were no thyroid recurrences. Eighty-two percent of patients received 131I. The long-term mortality rate was 2.2%. We continue to advocate total thyroidectomy, cervical lymph node dissection, and postoperative 131I therapy as the most conservative treatment regimen for children with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
The incidence of bilateral well-differentiated thyroid cancer found at completion thyroidectomy.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcome of completion thyroidectomy in patients with presumed unilateral well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC). The medical records of all patients having had unilateral thyroid lobectomy for WDTC, who subsequently underwent completion thyroidectomy, were reviewed. From 1980 to 1991, 60 patients with WDTC underwent completion thyroidectomy. Forty-seven patients had presumed unilateral WDTC, with no evidence of residual disease prior to their completion thyroidectomy. Twenty-five (53%) of these patients were found to have residual neoplastic disease in the neck. In 20 (43%) of 47 patients, a focus of cancer was found in the remaining thyroid lobe and in 5 additional patients no cancer was found in the contralateral lobe, however, unsuspected nodal disease was found. The remaining 13 of the 60 patients presented with either regional recurrence (n = 12) or distant metastases (n = 1) at the time of their completion thyroidectomy. All (92%) but 1 of these 13 patients had cancer in the remaining thyroid lobe. Multifocal disease in the primary lobe was associated with bilateral thyroid cancer (p less than 0.01). Complications were infrequent; transient hypocalcemia occurred in 5 (8%) patients, permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred in 1 (1.7%) patient, and transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred in 3 (5%) patients. Residual WDTC was found in 37 (62%) of 60 patients undergoing completion thyroidectomy. Multifocal disease in the primary resected lobe was associated with a high incidence of contralateral thyroid cancer. Completion thyroidectomy is a safe procedure and may prevent the development of regional recurrence by eliminating an unsuspected focus of cancer.