Isolation, characterization, and unique properties of ubiquitin: acetylation, esterase, and CO2 hydration activity.
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Acetazolamide↗
Biomedical subjects
N Taniguchi
Publications and source records attributed to N Taniguchi.
Inactive form of carbonic anhydrase I in erythrocytes from primary aldosteronism.
An inactive form of erythrocyte CA I was found in patients with primary aldosteronism. The levels of CA I in the patients were within the normal range: however, the specific esterase activity of CA I from three patients was in the range of 0.12-0.26 u/mg CA I (normal control: 0.66 +/- 0.1 u/mg CA I). In one subject, who had been treated with spironolactone, the specific activity of CA I was in the normal range. However after the termination of the drug the specific activity of CA I decreased to 0.3 u/mg CA I. Two months after adrenalectomy, the specific activity of the subjects was restored. The inactive CA I isolated from a patient was not immunologically distinguishable from that of normal individuals. The level of zinc in the inactive CA I was not different from that of normal CA I. The inhibitory effect of acetazolamide on the inactive CA I was weaker than that on normal CA I. The binding affinity of 3[H]acetazolamide to the inactive CA I was also lower than that of normal CA I. These results suggested the presence of a novel variant form of CA I in this disease.
Acetazolamide↗
Inhibition of slow-reacting substance release by calmodulin blocker.
It was examined whether a calmodulin blocker could inhibit release of slow-reacting substance from human leukocytes. W-7, a specific calmodulin blocker, completely inhibited slow-reacting substance release induced by calcium ionophore or mite allergen at 5 X 10(-5) M, while W-12, which had a lower affinity to calmodulin, failed to inhibit the release even at 10(-4) M. It was suggested that calmodulin was involved in mechanisms of slow-reacting substance release. Release of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha by calcium ionophore was partially inhibited by 5 X 10(-5) M of W-7. The inhibitory effects of W-7 on slow-reacting substance release could be considered responsible for the suppression of phospholipase A2.
Autacoids↗
Effects of treadmill exercise on platelet functions and blood coagulating activities in healthy men.
The effects of treadmill exercise (up to 85% of the predicted maximum heart rate) on platelet functions and coagulating activities were studied in 26 normal men. Blood sampling for the measurements were performed from the antecubital vein at rest, at 3, 6, 9, and 12 min during exercise, immediately postexercise, and at 6 and 30 min after exercise. Measurements for blood analysis included the following: platelet sensitivity and percent aggregation to ADP, platelet counts, plasma thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha levels, plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels, plasma fibrinogen level, activity of plasma antithrombin III, and of plasma factors VIII, IX, XI, and XII. No significant changes were induced by dynamic leg exercise in platelet sensitivities and the maximum and 3-min percent aggregation. The platelet counts increased during exercise in platelet-rich plasma without a significant change in that in whole blood. During exercise, plasma thromboxane B2 levels showed a tendency to increase, while plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha levels to decrease. Plasma epinephrine levels showed a tendency to increase and norepinephrine levels increased during exercise. Among coagulating factors, factor VIII activities and fibrinogen levels increased without altering activities of factors IX, XI, and XII. Antithrombin III activities also increased during exercise. In spite of significant changes in several coagulating factors, prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were not influenced by exercise. In conclusion, dynamic leg exercise of a moderate to high intensity produced a significantly elevated plasma level of factor VIII, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, and catecholamines without affecting the hemostatic balance in normal subjects.
Adult↗
Immunohistologic localization and immune phenotypes of lymphocytes expressing Tac antigen in human lymphoid tissues.
A monoclonal anti-Tac antibody has been identified as a putative antibody against the human interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor. In the present study, anti-Tac antibody was used to determine the location of cells expressing IL 2 receptors in frozen sections of human lymph nodes and tonsils by means of an immunoperoxidase technique. It was found that a substantial number of lymphoid cells reactive with anti-Tac antibody were present in these tissues. The majority of the Tac-positive cells were located in the paracortical and interfollicular regions of lymph nodes and tonsils, whereas only a few Tac-positive cells were scattered in the mantle zones and germinal centers of the secondary follicles. In contrast, no Tac-positive cells were demonstrated on cytocentrifuge preparations of peripheral blood lymphocytes from some of tissue donors, as evaluated by the same technique. In some experiments, a double-marker immunofluorescence analysis with the use of different fluorochromes, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) was applied to characterize the phenotypes of cells expressing Tac antigen. Double staining with TRITC and FITC, respectively, for the identification of Tac-positive cells and T cells, showed that Tac-positive cells in lymph nodes and tonsils almost exclusively co-expressed a pan-T cell marker, Leu-1 antigen, that probably does not belong to non-T cell lineages. About 80% of Tac-positive cells were Leu-3 (helper/inducer) positive, and 20% of them Leu-2 (suppressor/cytotoxic) positive. These observations imply the plausible notion that an IL 2-mediated immune activation of T cells may actually occur in local lymphoid organs.
Adult↗
Arylsulfatase A activities in urine and tissues taken from bladder cancer patients.
Urinary arylsulfatase A activity expressed as units/mg of urinary creatinine was significantly increased in bladder cancer patients, but not in patients with other genitourinary tract disorders, such as cystitis, urethritis and prostatic cancer, nor in patients with non-urological malignant diseases. The urinary enzyme activity was positively correlated with the stage of the bladder cancer, while post surgical follow-up revealed a marked decrease of the activity. Arylsulfatase A activity was also shown to be higher in malignant than in normal bladder tissue, demonstrating the activity to be a function of the grade of the tumor. Furthermore, the isoelectric point (pI 5.2-5.3) of the tissue enzyme in the bladder tumor coincided with that of the urine enzyme from the same cancer patients; the pI of the enzyme in urine from normal subjects was 4.7. These results suggest that most of the urinary arylsulfatase A in bladder cancer originates from tumor tissue.
Cerebroside-Sulfatase↗
[Therapeutic effectiveness of ceftizoxime on severe infections associated with hematologic disorders].
One hundred patients with severe infections associated with hematologic disorders, including leukemia and lymphoma, were treated with ceftizoxime (CZX) in daily doses of 4 approximately 9 g for an average of 8.9 days. In the 84 patients who completed the trial, response was excellent in 27 (32.1%) and moderate in 25 (29.8%). The rate of effectiveness was 61.9%. The only side effect seen during the treatment was skin rash in 3 patients. Hepatic disorders were observed in 5 patients. The relation between CZX and these abnormal findings was not established. These results indicate that CZX is a therapeutically effective and safe antibiotic for the treatment of severe infections in patients with underlying hematologic disorders.
Adolescent↗
[Immunoregulatory T-T cellular interactions in man].
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Antigens, T-Independent↗
Correlation of epizootiological observations with experimental data: chemical induction of chromatophoromas in the croaker, Nibea mitsukurii.
Chromatophoromas in the croaker nibe, Nibea mitsukurii, are common neoplasms in feral fish which inhabit the shallow water in a unique geographic distribution along the Pacific coast of Japan. We undertook surveys of the epizootiology of tumor-bearing fish at 25 sites. The highest tumor incidence occurred at the station near the mouth of the Kumano river and was 47% (1,415 of 2,991). The incidence at 2 adjacent survey stations located approximately 18 and 30 km away were 2.7 and 2.5%, respectively. At the other survey stations, no tumor incidences were recorded or they were less than 5%. During the course of experimental studies on the chromatophoromas using tank-reared nibe, we found that nifurpirinol (NP), a drug used for the treatment of fish diseases, might also induce the chromatophoromas in the fish, as well as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene. Therefore, tank-reared nibe 5 months of age were divided into 4 groups of about 50 each and exposed to water containing 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 ppm NP, respectively, fourteen times for 1 hour each time. Three hundred nibe were kept as untreated controls. The incidences of chromatophore hyperplasia or neoplasia per group at 13 months were as follows: the untreated: 2.9% (6 of 204), 0 ppm: 5.3% (2 of 38), 0.5 ppm: 73% (36 of 49), 1 ppm: 87% (20 of 23), and 2 ppm: 100% (2 of 2). These and other results led us to believe that 1) NP is a carcinogen, 2) nibe have a high susceptibility to induction of chromatophoromas by chemical carcinogens, and 3) some environmental chemicals are causal factors in the hyperendemic occurrences of the tumors in wild nibe.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
Cancer-associated alteration of beta-glucuronidase in human lung cancer: elevated activity and increased phosphorylation.
beta-Glucuronidase from human lung neoplasms of various histological types and from uninvolved tissues was studied. A significant elevation of beta-glucuronidase activity was observed in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung as compared with the corresponding uninvolved tissues (P less than 0.01). Saccharo-1,4-lactone, a strong inhibitor of the enzyme, exhibited a substantially greater stabilizing effect on the adenocarcinoma enzyme than on the other enzymes. However, removal of the carbohydrate moiety from the adenocarcinoma enzyme by treatment with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosamidase H (endoglycosidase H) brought about a decrease in the stabilizing effect. Tumor beta-glucuronidase showed considerable negative charge heterogeneity in the pI range from 4.2 to 6.2 in isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel. Upon treatment with exogenous alkaline phosphatase or endoglycosidase H, the heterogenous variant forms of the tumor enzyme appeared to partly or completely lose their negative charge and to be converted into forms similar to those of the normal lung enzyme. These data strongly suggest that the variants are highly phosphorylated on the oligosaccharide chains of the enzyme. An experiment on the labelling of beta-glucuronidase with [32P]-phosphoric acid provided further evidence that the acidic variants found in lung cancers are extensively phosphorylated forms of the enzyme.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Chronic anethole trithione treatment enhances the salivary secretion and increases the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the rat submaxillary gland.
Chronic treatment with trithio-p-methoxyphenylpropene (anethole trithione; ANTT) increased the salivary secretion from the rat submaxillary gland induced by electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic nerve and by injection of pilocarpine. In parallel with the enhancement of the salivary secretion, the number of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors was significantly increased. The increased number of receptors may be involved in the enhancement of the salivary secretion by ANTT treatment.
Anethole Trithione↗
Changes in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, and copper, and catecholamine concentrations in human plasma with physical exercise.
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Adult↗
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human manganese-containing superoxide dismutase and its content in lung cancer.
A manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) was purified from human liver. Polyclonal antibody for the Mn-SOD was prepared in goat, and a simple and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the Mn-SOD was developed. This assay was found to be sensitive to nanogram amounts of the enzyme. With respect to Mn-SOD levels of normal lung tissues, a positive correlation (r = 0.92, P less than .001) was observed between the results of enzymatic assay and those of immunochemical assay by ELISA. In lung carcinoma tissue the enzyme activity was in the same order of magnitude as in uninvolved tissues. However, the enzyme content determined by ELISA was significantly higher in adenocarcinoma than in the uninvolved lung tissue, whereas no significant difference from the control was observed in other histologic types. The discrepancy between the enzyme activity and immunoreactive content suggested that in the adenocarcinoma of the lung an immunoreactive but enzymatically inactive Mn-SOD protein existed and that a high content of this enzyme was characteristic of lung adenocarcinoma.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
Circadian changes of T lymphocyte subsets in human peripheral blood.
The circadian variations in circulating T cell subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies in eight healthy male volunteers were evaluated in whole blood using a flow cytometry. In all subjects, the number of lymphocytes showed a clear rhythmicity with high values at night and low values during the day. This circadian variation in circulating lymphocytes appeared to reflect largely a change in the number of T cells rather than B cells. The percentage of OKT3+ and OKT11+ cells showed a similar fluctuation with a peak at night and a depression during the day. It was found that the percentage of OKT4+ cells varied in parallel with that of T cells, particularly of OKT3+ cells, but the OKT8+ subset was not appreciably altered over a 24 h period. Thus, a circadian variation of T cells could be largely accounted for by a circadian change of OKT4+ cells. Plasma cortisol levels showed an expected circadian variation. It was also shown that there might be an intimate relationship between these circadian changes of T cell subsets and plasma cortisol levels.
Adult↗
[Investigation of the preventive effect of CoQ10 against the side-effects of anthracycline antineoplastic agents].
This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in the prevention of side effects due to anthracycline agents-Adriamycin (ADM) and Daunorubicin (DNR)-by comparing the preventive effect between CoQ10-treated and non-treated groups. The subjects were 79 patients, 55 of whom had malignant lymphoma. The age range was from 16 to 77 years with a mean age of 45.4 years. CoQ10 was administered by intravenous drip at 1 mg/kg/day the day before ADM or DNR administration, on the day and for a further 2 days after administration. In mean total dose, complete remission rate and mortality, no significant differences were observed between the 2 groups. Although there were also no significant differences in the degree of alopecia, fever, nausea and vomiting, the incidences of diarrhea and stomatitis were significantly (p less than 0.10 and p less than 0.05, respectively) reduced in the CoQ10-treated group. Depression of ST waves (more than 0.05 mV) and changes in T waves (R/10 greater than T, flat, inversion) on ECG were regarded as a parameter of aggravation. Such ECG aggravation was found in 20 of 40 patients given CoQ10 (50.0%) and in 18 of 25 receiving none (72.0%); a cardiotoxicity-inhibiting tendency was thus evident (p less than 0.10). In heart rate, tachycardia was noted in the nontreated group when the period of use of anthracycline agents exceeded 8 weeks. Twenty nine patients received ADM or DNR for 8 weeks or more, and, of them, 17 were treated with CoQ10; 11 of the 17 (64.7%) showed ECG aggravation, while 11 of 12 patients (91.7%) not treated with CoQ10 showed ECG aggravation. A tendency to depress ECG aggravation was thus observed in the treated group (p less than 0.10).
Adolescent↗
A case of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL) expressing a peculiar phenotype (E+, OKM1+, Leu 1+, OKT3- and IgG EA-).
A case of chronic leukemia is reported. Malignant cells had the morphology of lymphocytes and an affinity for skin. Cytochemically, they were peroxidase negative, and NaF-resistant alpha-naphthyl esterase positive. The peripheral mononuclear cells formed E-rosettes and reacted with Leu 1 and OKM1. They were unreactive with OKT3, OKT4, OKT6, OKT8, and OKIa1. The cells did not possess surface IG, C3b receptors, or IgG Fc receptors (EAIgG). They responded weakly to phytohemagglutinin, and did not respond to concanavalin A. The cells did not adhere to Petri dishes or phagocytose latex beads. It is concluded that it was a case of OKT3-, OKM1+, EAIgG- T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This suggests that OKT3 does not recognize all peripheral T-cells, and that OKM1 is not specific for the monocyte-myeloid lineage. These cells may be useful in the characterization of E+, OKM1+ subset of peripheral mononuclear cells.
Adult↗
Effects of OKT3+, OKT4+ and OKT8+ T cell subsets on steady-state granulopoiesis in vitro.
The present study was undertaken to elucidate the role of T cell subsets in regulating the in vitro growth of human granulopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-C). Prior to CFU-C assay, mononuclear cells obtained from bone marrow and cord blood were depleted of T cells or functionally distinct T cell subsets by the method of complement-mediated cytolysis with the use of monoclonal antibodies, OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8. The depletion of any T cell subset of OKT3+, OKT4+ or OKT8+ cells from bone marrow and cord blood cells showed no significant alterations in the generation of CFU-C. The supplementation to the in vitro culture system of OKT4+ or OKT8+ cells, which had been negatively selected by complement-mediated cytolysis using the mutually exclusive monoclonal OKT8 or OKT4 antibody, respectively, did not alter the growth of CFU-C-derived colonies without mitogenic stimulation. In contrast, the production of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly reduced by removing not only OKT3+ cells but also OKT4+ or OKT8+ cell subsets. There were no significant differences in the degree of reduction between the different procedures. These results suggested that T cell subsets played an important role in the regulation of steady-state granulopoiesis through the stimulation of CSA production. The presence of a specific subset of T cells in CSA production was not demonstrated.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Subcostal 2-dimensional echocardiographic imaging of peripheral left coronary artery aneurysms in Kawasaki disease.
Our previous study provided a new 2-dimensional echocardiographic technique to detect peripheral right coronary artery aneurysms in Kawasaki disease, with use of the subcostal approach. An additional study was performed to detect peripheral left coronary artery aneurysms. Because the left anterior descending artery runs along the anterior interventricular sulcus and the left circumflex artery along the mitral valve ring, these regions were searched for coronary aneurysms by use of the subcostal imaging approach. Among 143 patients with Kawasaki disease, 44 left coronary aneurysms were visualized in 22 patients. Three aneurysms at the origin of the obtuse marginal artery and 1 in the further peripheral site of the left circumflex artery were observed in 3 patients. Two aneurysms at the origin of the second diagonal branch of the peripheral left anterior descending artery were detected. These echocardiographic studies were done prospectively, and their features coincided well in size, shape, and anatomic location with confirmatory angiographic appearances.
Aneurysm↗