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Biomedical subjects

N Taniguchi

Publications and source records attributed to N Taniguchi.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Different Ia antigen characterization between granulocyte progenitor cells (CFC-G) and monocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFC-M).

Ia-like antigen-positive (Ia+) and -negative (Ia-) cell populations were separated from human cord blood cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells by a rosette technique with a combined use of staphylococcal protein-A-coated bovine red blood cells and the monoclonal OKIa 1 antibody, or by using a cell-sorting technique. Colony-forming units-granulocytes-monocytes-macrophages (GFU-GM) were assayed in a semisolid agar culture, and colony-forming cells-granulocytes (CFC-G) were differentiated from colony-forming cells-monocytes-macrophages (CFC-M) by double staining for esterase activity. The majority of CFC-G in cord blood was grown in the Ia+ fraction; Ia+ CFC-G/Ia- CFC-G = 1.62 +/- 0.34 (mean +/- SD), which was similar to the ratio in bone marrow (Ia+/Ia- = 1.80 +/- 0.37). In contrast, the majority of CFC-M in cord blood was grown in the Ia- fraction; Ia+/Ia- for CFC-M = 0.50 +/- 0.09. The predominance of CFC-G in the Ia+ fraction in contrast to predominance of CFC-M in the Ia- fraction was confirmed by using a cell-sorting technique. T-lymphocyte depletion and the culture supernatants of Ia+ and Ia- cells did not affect differentiation of CFC-G and CFC-M. These data suggest that there are potent differences in the expression of Ia-like antigens between CFC-G and CFC-M, indicating that the Ia+ progenitor cell population generates predominantly CFC-G, whereas the Ia- population generates mainly CFC-M during the maturation process in granulopoiesis.

Bone Marrow Cells↗
PubMed1985

[Therapeutic effects of micronomicin against severe infections in patients with hematopoietic disorders. Hanshin Infection Study Group].

Micronomicin (MCR) at a daily dose of 120 to 360 mg was administered to patients with severe infections who had hematopoietic disorders as underlying diseases. Efficacy and safety of the drug were evaluated. The underlying diseases in the 56 patients included in the evaluation of efficacy were acute myelocytic leukemia (24 cases), acute lymphocytic leukemia (8), acute promyelocytic leukemia (6), acute monomyelocytic leukemia (4), acute monocytic leukemia (1), erythroleukemia (1), chronic myelocytic leukemia-blastic crisis (4), malignant lymphoma (3), aplastic anemia (2), and others (3). The infections were septicemia in 9 patients, suspected septicemia in 48, respiratory tract infection in 7, and perianal abscess in 2. The clinical efficacy of MCR was 'excellent' in 12 patients, 'good' in 17, 'fair' in 7, 'poor' in 30 for an efficacy rate of 43.9%. The efficacy rate classified according to infections was 22.2% in septicemia, 56.3% in suspected septicemia. The organisms isolated from the patients with septicemia were Escherichia coli in 2, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 2, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 1, alpha-Streptococcus in 1, Serratia marcescens in 1, and Acinetobacter sp. in 1. The efficacy rate was 15.4% in the 13 patients whose causative organisms were identified. The efficacy rate for patients who had failed to respond to prior antibiotic therapy was 43.9%. The efficacy rate in patients (34 cases) with an initial neutrophil count less than 100/microliter was 44.1%. Side effect which might have been caused by MCR was skin eruption in only one episode among 83 episodes those were evaluated for safety.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Dissociated production of interleukin-2 and immune (gamma) interferon by phytohaemagglutinin stimulated lymphocytes in healthy infants.

Cord blood lymphocytes were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) and immune interferon (IFN-gamma). On PHA stimulation, cord blood lymphocytes produced efficiently IL-2 as much as adult ones. Antiviral activity generated on PHA stimulation was shown to consist mainly of IFN-gamma as assessed by the sensitivity to pH 2.0 treatment and neutralization with anti-human IFN-gamma antibody. In contrast to IL-2 production, cord blood lymphocytes released extremely low levels of IFN-gamma following PHA stimulation. The producing ability of IFN-gamma by lymphocytes on PHA stimulation gradually increased with child growth, but was significantly low at 1-2 years of age as compared with adult controls. Around 3 years of age or later, the producing ability of IFN-gamma by lymphocytes on PHA stimulation attained levels comparable to those of adult cells. These results suggested that IL-2 producing ability of lymphocytes appeared to be at a mature stage at birth, whereas lymphocytes in the early human life might be relatively deficient in their ability to produce IFN-gamma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Differential effects of recombinant human interferon-gamma and interleukin 2 on natural killer cell activity of peripheral blood in early human development.

Ontogenic development and the lymphokine responsiveness of human NK cell activity against K562 target cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes were evaluated in fetuses, premature infants, and term neonates by using a 4-hr 51Cr-release assay. Basal NK activity and NK boosting by lymphokines were comparatively assayed after an 18-hr incubation with medium alone, recombinant human IFN-gamma (1000 U/ml), and recombinant human IL 2 (25 U/ml), respectively. Lymphocytes from 20-wk-old fetuses lacked NK cell activity even after the pretreatment with IFN-gamma. Low, but significant levels of NK activity and NK boosting by IFN-gamma were observed in premature infants after 27 wk of gestation, with a progressive intrauterine maturation of these activities. Both basal NK activity and NK boosting by IFN-gamma in term neonates were still lower than those of adult controls. The grade of NK boosting by IFN-gamma appeared to depend on the development of basal NK activity. Contrary to IFN-gamma, IL 2 could induce marked NK activity even in 20-wk-old fetuses who lacked both basal and IFN-gamma inducible NK activities. NK boosting by IL 2 was much more efficient than that by IFN-gamma at any period of human life. The facts that IL 2-induced NK boosting could occur without any appreciable production of IFN-gamma in neonatal lymphocytes, and that ample neutralizing doses of anti-IFN-gamma antibody hardly suppressed IL 2-mediated NK boosting even in adult lymphocytes, indicated that the effect of IL 2 on NK boosting might be independent of IFN-gamma production. On the basis of the ontogenic differences in the development of the lymphokine responsiveness of NK cell activity and on the different NK boosting mechanisms of these lymphokines it was suggested that so-called human "pre-NK cells" might be divided into IFN-gamma sensitive and IL 2-sensitive cells. Whether these cell populations belong to different cell lineages or different maturation stages of the same cell line, however, remains unsettled.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Mode of in vitro augmentation of natural killer cell activity by recombinant human interleukin 2: a comparative study of Leu-11+ and Leu-11- cell populations in cord blood and adult peripheral blood.

Human newborn natural killer (NK) cell activity against K562 target cells was observed to be low compared with adult controls. Although Leu-7 (HNK-1)+ cells were negligible in cord blood, the proportions of Leu-11+ cells were equal to those of adult peripheral blood. Leu-11+ cells sorted from cord blood lymphocytes, as well as from adult lymphocytes exhibited the morphology of granular lymphocytes. In this study, we have investigated the phenotypic characterization of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL 2)-induced cytotoxic lymphocytes against K562 cells by using anti-Leu-11 monoclonal antibody. Spontaneous cytotoxicity of lymphocytes was restricted to Leu-11+ cells in cord blood, as well as in adult blood, but this activity was low in cord blood Leu-11+ cells as compared with that of adult ones. NK cell activity of adult Leu-11+ cells could not be additionally enhanced after an 18-hr incubation with rIL 2(25 U/ml), whereas rIL 2 could potentiate the cytotoxicity of cord blood Leu-11+ cells approximately to the adult levels. It should be noted that cytotoxic activity of both Leu-11- cells from cord blood and adult blood that had no basal NK cells activity could be significantly potentiated by rIL 2. On the other hand, lymphokine-activated killer cells cytotoxic for HL-60 cell line could not be generated, and no proliferation of the lymphocytes was detected after an 18-hr incubation with rIL 2. It was shown that rIL 2 could not enhance the ability to bind to target cells in Leu-11+ and Leu-11- cells by means of a single cell conjugate assay, but the rate of target lysis of Leu-11+ cells from cord blood was significantly enhanced by rIL 2. These results suggested that rIL 2-induced cytotoxic effector cells were heterogeneous, and rIL 2 might potentiate the cytotoxicity of functionally immature NK cells or NK precursor cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Stimulation of human B lymphocytes by Nocardia-delipidated cell mitogen and derived fractions from N. opaca. Structure-activity relationship.

Nocardia-delipidated cell mitogen (NDCM), a particulate fraction prepared from Nocardia opaca, is able to stimulate the proliferation of small resting human B lymphocytes and their differentiation into Ig-secreting cells. This fraction contains two active structures: the cell wall peptidoglycan (PG) and a fraction (Cy I) derived from the cytoplasmic compartment. Treatment of insoluble PG with various bacteriolytic enzymes showed that the minimal structure required for mitogenic activity is more complex than that required for the differentiation of human lymphocytes. The mitogenic activity of cell wall fractions varies in different bacterial species; that prepared from N. opaca is the more potent. Both mitogenic structures of N. opaca induce higher responses in infant and adult PBL as compared to cord lymphocytes. The differentiation of B lymphocytes into Ig-secreting cells induced by PG fractions is T-dependent.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1984

A novel low-activity form of carbonic anhydrase I in erythrocytes of patients with primary aldosteronism. Evidence for the presence of a mixed disulfide with glutathione.

A low-activity form of erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase isozyme I was found in patients with primary aldosteronism. The specific activity was very low, but the activity was restored by drug treatment as well as adrenalectomy. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity from one of the patients. With respect to its antigenicity and zinc content, the low-activity form was not distinguishable from the normal enzyme. On the other hand, the inhibition constant and binding affinity to acetazolamide of the low-activity enzyme were lower than those of normal enzyme. Sulfhydryl group titration, amino acid analysis, and peptide-mapping analysis suggested that the low-activity enzyme contains a mixed disulfide with glutathione which is closely associated with its low activity.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1984

Significance of glutathione S-conjugate for glutathione metabolism in human erythrocytes.

The significance of glutathione S-conjugate in the regulation of glutathione synthesis was studied using human erythrocyte gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Feedback inhibition of the enzyme by reduced glutathione was released by the addition of the glutathione S-conjugate (S-2,4-dinitrophenyl glutathione). A half-maximal effect of glutathione S-conjugate on gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity was obtained at approximately 1 microM; 50 microM glutathione S-conjugate in the presence of 10 mM glutathione actually increased the enzyme activity twofold above uninhibited levels. Glutathione S-conjugate had no effect on the enzyme activity in the absence of glutathione. When erythrocytes were exposed to the electrophile 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, which forms a glutathione S-conjugate by the catalytic reaction of glutathione S-transferase, the level of glutathione synthesis increased. These data suggest that glutathione S-conjugate plays a role in stimulating the synthesis of glutathione.

Catalysis↗
PubMed1984

Isolation, characterization, and esterase and CO2 hydration activities of ubiquitin from bovine erythrocytes.

Ubiquitin was isolated from bovine erythrocytes by a relatively simple procedure involving extraction with chloroform and ethanol, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and gel filtration. Amino acid and partial sequence analyses showed it to be identical to previously isolated material. Ubiquitin released p-nitrophenolate from p-nitrophenyl acetate, but did not cleave other esterase substrates that were tested. It had a turnover number of 116 mmol for p-nitrophenyl acetate at pH 7.7 and 30 degrees C, and this activity was relatively stable to heat treatment. Electrophoretic studies indicated that the ubiquitin was sequentially acetylated by p-nitrophenyl acetate, as judged by the appearance of more anodically migrating components. The reactions of ubiquitin with p-nitrophenyl acetate at pH 7.0 were biphasic and consisted of (a) an initial phase, during which the release of p-nitrophenol resulted from monoacetylation of the ubiquitin and from ubiquitin-catalyzed hydrolysis of the ester; and (b) a second phase, during which the release of p-nitrophenol resulted only from the breakdown and reformation of the acetyl-enzyme complex. Ubiquitin also showed CO2 hydration activity and could be localized following gel electrophoresis by the CO2-bromthymol blue staining method. The strong inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, acetazolamide, also inhibited the CO2 hydration activity and p-nitrophenyl acetate activity of ubiquitin. An antibody against this protein did not precipitate bovine carbonic anhydrase II. The esterase activity of ubiquitin was much higher than those previously reported for the carbonic anhydrases.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1984

Purification and characterization of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine: globotriaosylceramide beta-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, a synthase of human blood group P antigen, from canine spleen.

A UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:globotriaosylceramide beta-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase which catalyzes the conversion of human blood group Pk antigen into P antigen has been purified over 18,000-fold in 4% yield from a Triton X-100 extract of canine spleen microsomes by affinity chromatography on UDP-hexanolamine-Sepharose and globotriaosylceramide acid-Sepharose. The purified enzyme migrates as two major bands with apparent molecular weights of 64,000 and 57,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A single band, with enzyme activity, was observed in nondenaturing acrylamide gels containing Triton X-100. Mn2+ was required for activity, and the pH optimum was 6.9. Km values for UDP-GalNAc and globotriaosylceramide were 14 and 2.5 microM, respectively. Studies on substrate specificities indicate that the preferred substrates have the general structure Gal alpha 1-4Gal-OR in which the nature of the R moiety has relatively little effect on activity. An antibody against the purified enzyme eliminated the activity of the enzyme, but did not neutralize the alpha-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of Forssman glycolipid.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes of patients with Down's syndrome.

The levels of cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase ( SOD1 ), catalase (CAT'ase), and carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (CA-B and CA-C) were determined in the erythrocytes from 11 male patients with Down's syndrome. The levels of SOD1 and CAT'ase, as well as CA-B showed significant increases compared with those in normal controls, whereas the CA-C level did not change substantially. In addition, a positive correlation was noted between the levels of SOD1 and of CAT'ase (r = 0.764).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Efficacy of several plasma components in a young boy with chronic thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia who responds repeatedly to normal plasma infusions.

This report describes a patient with thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, proteinuria, and microscopic hematuria that could be transiently improved by the infusion of plasma or various plasma components. An increase in platelet count following the transfusion of normal plasma was predictable and reproducible. In therapeutic trials with commercially available plasma components, factor VIII preparations were effective for inducing an increase in the platelet count and improving hemolytic anemia, but albumin, gamma-globulin, factor IX, and fibronectin preparations were ineffective. Serum from normal donors also relieved the symptoms of this condition in our patient. Partial plasma exchange (1,000 ml/m2 of body surface area) was performed with albumin instead of normal plasma, but there was no significant effect on platelet count or anemia. Large, multimeric von Willebrand factor components of the factor VIII complex (VIII/vWF) were found in the patient's plasma when his platelet count was normal, but their levels were reduced when the platelet count was decreased. The multimers of the patient's plasma were larger than those in normal plasma, but smaller than those in normal platelet lysate. Although the pathogenesis of this disease remains unknown, we conclude that transfusions of normal plasma, serum or factor VIII concentrate provide a factor that causes significant improvement in the thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia. Furthermore, large VIII/vWF multimers are possibly directly involved in pathogenesis of this disease.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital↗
PubMed1984

Siblings with renal tubular acidosis and nerve deafness. The first family in Japan.

Two siblings with renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and nerve deafness were examined. It was found by ammonium chloride and bicarbonate loading tests that the 6-year-old brother had a hybrid type of RTA and his 4-year-old sister, a distal type of RTA. Enzyme activity and amount of enzyme protein of carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme I and II in red blood cells, measured using an immunoadsorbent method, were normal in both cases. Although this indicated that the RTAs of these patients are not generated by the carbonic anhydrase deficiency, an investigation with renal tissue is necessary to arrive at a final conclusion.

Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗
PubMed1984

Interferon-gamma can augment expression ability of HLA-DR antigens on pokeweed mitogen-stimulated human T lymphocytes.

The effect of natural interferon (IFN)-gamma on HLA-DR molecule expression of pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated T cells from cord blood and adult peripheral blood was assessed by direct immunofluorescence with fluorescein-labeled monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibody on a flow cytometer. Although cord blood T cells showed only weak expression of HLA-DR antigens on PWM stimulation, IFN-gamma could enhance HLA-DR expression of PWM-stimulated cord blood T cells to levels comparable to those of adult ones. A similar, but slight, increase in HLA-DR expression was inducible in PWM-stimulated adult T cells by the addition of IFN-gamma, but at higher doses. This increased expression of HLA-Dr antigens on PWM-stimulated T cells was almost completely abolished by both acid treatment of IFN-gamma and neutralization of IFN-gamma with specific antiserum. In contrast to IFN-gamma, neither recombinant IFN-alpha nor IFN-beta showed any effect on HLA-DR expression of PWM-stimulated T cells. These results suggested a possible function of IFN-gamma that might modulate HLA-DR expression ability of T cells in their activation process.

Adult↗