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Biomedical subjects

N Tani

Publications and source records attributed to N Tani.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The effect of omeprazole on ultrastructural changes in gastric parietal cells.

This study was designed to compare the effects of omeprazole and cimetidine on ultrastructural changes in parietal cells of guinea pigs during histamine stimulation. Both omeprazole and cimetidine remarkably inhibited acid secretion induced by histamine stimulation. Omeprazole, however, failed to prevent the morphological transition of parietal cells to an active stage during histamine stimulation, in contrast to cimetidine which inhibited the morphological transition. In addition, it was noticed that administration of omeprazole caused vacuolation in approximately 27% of all parietal cells. This phenomenon was not seen in control animals with histamine stimulation alone and only very rarely in cimetidine treated animals. Ultrastructural findings suggested that vacuoles originated in secretory canaliculi of parietal cells. These results may be the key to explain the difference of the inhibitory mechanism between omeprazole which acts on the final step of intracellular process (so-called proton pump) and cimetidine which acts on the H2-receptor site of plasma membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Gastric metaplasia in duodenal ulcer. Histochemical considerations of its pathophysiological significance.

Gastric metaplasia of the duodenal mucosa in biopsy specimens of healed duodenal ulcer and in surgical specimens of perforated duodenal ulcer was investigated using mucin histochemistry and the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Endoscopic methylene blue test was performed prior to biopsy. All specimens from areas showing no dye absorption revealed varying degrees of gastric metaplasia characterized by heterotopic occurrence of gastric-type foveolar cells mainly at the tips of stunted intestinal villi. On average, 31.8% of the total surface length of duodenal mucosa taken from areas showing no dye absorption was occupied by the metaplastic cells. They showed strong reactivities for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and galactose oxidase-Schiff sequences, while alcian blue and paradoxical concanavalin A staining, class III, were negative. Immunoperoxidase-PAS double staining revealed a few gastrin and somatostatin cells in foci of gastric metaplasia, but almost no cells containing motilin, secretin, cholecystokinin and gastric inhibitory peptide. Such endocrine cells were scattered in nonmetaplastic mucosa. While such metaplastic change has been regarded as a self-defence mechanism or adaptation of the duodenal mucosa against acid, a local decrease of normal endocrine cells, which allegedly function as acid receptors, may lead to alterations of gastroduodenal interaction. It is suggested that gastric metaplasia is important as one of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the recurrence of duodenal ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A family case with autosomal-dominantly inherited pituitary dwarfism.

Isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency (IGHD) is detected in 1/10 of pituitary dwarfism, but there are only a few reports on IGHD as an autosomal-dominant trait. We found one family with autosomal-dominantly inherited IGHD and examined their pituitary functions and GH genomes. Brothers (9.5 year and 11 year) and their mother (37 year) were diagnosed as having IGHD and their grandmother and uncle also seemed to have IGHD. All of their heights were under "mean-4.0 S.D.". Cerebral tomography of brothers and their mother all showed "empty sella", and GH-releasing hormone (GRH) tests showed no responses of GH not only to bolus intravenous injections but also after repeated intramuscular injections of GRH (100 micrograms/day) for 7 days. Although genetic analysis (Southern blotting method) could not detect any mutations in their GH genomes, the IGHD lesion of them seemed to be pituitary in origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A new method of conserving the inferior alveolar nerve during resection of the mandible.

A method is presented of conserving the inferior alveolar nerve where resection of the mandible is necessary. The technique features the delivery of the nerve through the mandibular foramen and the end-to-end anastomosis of the previously sectioned nerve. The technique is particularly indicated in the treatment of carefully chosen cases of benign and locally invasive neoplasms and cysts with complex cavities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Adsorption of lipoprotein containing apolipoprotein-B through plasma separation for treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia.

For the treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia, Liposorber LA-40 was clinically applied. The Liposorber is a commercially developed affinity adsorbent for plasma perfusion which selectivity adsorbs low density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins and is specially designed for plasmapheretic treatment of hypercholesterolemia. The Liposorber column, containing activated cellulose beads having an affinity for lipoprotein containing apolipoprotein-B, has an excellent adsorption capacity, excellent selectivity, minimum albumin loss. This new apheresis system was applied to 2 clinical cases. After seven months of trial perfusion every 2 weeks, patient condition was good, with a level of total cholesterol under 300 mg/dl. No replacement fluids were given during or after treatment. In this paper, clinical results of these patients were shown and the mechanism of adsorption of this specific adsorbent was discussed.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1985

[Epidemiologic study of dwarfism in Niigata Prefecture].

Epidemiologic study on dwarfism (height under "Mean-2.58 S.D") was performed in elementary schools and junior high schools in Niigata Prefecture. Results were as follows: Prevalences of dwarfism were 0.17% in elementary schools (age at 6-12 y.o.), 0.26% in junior high schools (12-15 y.o.), and 0.20% in all (690 dwarf students of 339,854 students). Prevalences in female was 1.3 times as high as that in male. 476 of 690 dwarf students were further examined. 50 (10.5%) of them had pituitary dwarfism and 2 (0.4%) had hypothyroidism. 24 of 50 cases with pituitary dwarfism and one of 2 cases with hypothyroidism were newly diagnosed in this study. One family who seemed to have autosomal-dominant inherited pituitary dwarfism was found in this study. The heights of brothers (11 y and 9 y 6 m) and their mother were under "Mean-4.0 S.D" and they were diagnosed as patients with isolated GH deficiency. The heights of their grandmother and aunt were also under "Mean-4.0 S.D", but they have not been examined. In both brothers and their mother, plasma GH levels didn't respond to iv bolus injection of GRF (1.0 micrograms/kg), and brain CT showed empty sella. Of 476 dwarf students, 249 (52.3%) had constitutional dwarfism, 118 (24.8%) had either constitutional dwarfism or delayed adolescence, 23 (4.8%) had Turner's syndrome (including Noonan's syndrome), and 13 (2.7%) had chondrodysplasia. Dwarf female whose ratios of the maximum response of plasma LH to LHRH/the maximum response of plasma FSH to LHRH were more than 2.0 and dwarf male whose plasma basal level of testosterone were more than 40 ng/ml were expected to become adolescent in the near future. Plasma IGF-I levels determined by RIA with unextracted samples did not clearly differentiate pituitary dwarfism from others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Solitary gastric polyps in the fundic gland area. A histochemical study.

Six solitary gastric polyps in the acid-secreting fundic mucosa were histochemically investigated using the mucin histochemistry, immunoperoxidase method, and silver methods for endocrine cells. Histologically, the polyps were grouped into three types: they largely consisted of either hyperplastic foveolar cells (group 1), normal-appearing fundic gland cells with mild cystic changes (group 2) or hyperplastic fundic gland cells with cystic dilatation (group 3). The presence of parietal cells and mucous neck cells was confirmed in all polyps by the immunoperoxidase method using parietal cell autoantibody and the paradoxical Concanavalin A staining, respectively. Regarding the endocrine component, somatostatin-containing cells, Grimelius-positive argyrophil cells, and Fontana-Masson-positive enterochromaffin cells were scattered in the fundic gland area of the polyps as well as in the surrounding normal-appearing fundic mucosa. Gastrin-containing cells were absent. In one of the group 2 polyps and both group 3 polyps, a varying number of glicentin-containing cells were found among the fundic gland components: In one polyp in group 3, glucagon immunoreactivity was detected in the glicentin-containing cells. These findings suggest that some of the polyps express characteristics of the fetal fundic mucosa, since glicentin and glucagon immunoreactivities in normal human stomach have been detected exclusively in the fetal fundus.

Gastric Fundus↗
PubMed1985

[Investigation of the concentration of cefmenoxime transferred to human serum and tissues in oral region].

The concentration transferred to human serum and tissues in oral region after the administration of cefmenoxime (CMX) were investigated. The results were obtained as follows: The mean values of CMX-concentrations in serum at 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after the intravenous administration of 20 ml of 5% glucose solution containing 1 g of CMX were 84.1, 52.7, 28.2, 12.7 and 8.81 micrograms/ml, respectively. The half-life times of serum concentration at T1/2 alpha and T1/2 beta were 0.55 and 1.05 hours, respectively. The mean concentrations transferred to gingiva at 15 (1 case), 30, 60 and 120 minutes after the intravenous administration of the same dose of CMX were 49.2, 14.1, 9.93 and 3.48 micrograms/g, respectively. Moreover, the ratios (tissue concentration to serum concentration) were also 67.50, 27.95, 38.46 and 32.28% at each time, respectively. CMX was administered intravenously for postoperative treatments of 13 patients, resulting in good effect from the laboratory data and clinical findings. No side effects were obtained.

Cefmenoxime↗
PubMed1984

Isolation of parietal cells from guinea-pig gastric mucosa by a Percoll density gradient.

Isolation of parietal cells from guinea-pig gastric mucosa was performed by density gradient centrifugation using percoll, a new gradient medium composed of colloidal silica coated with polyvinylpyrolidone. The gastric mucosa of the oxyntic gland area was exfoliated, minced and digested with 2.0 mg/ml of dispase and 0.1 mg/ml of collagenase. Dispersed mucosal cells were applied to the percoll density gradient. Parietal cells were fractionated in the layer between 1.04 and 1.06 g/ml in density with purity 80 approximately 90%. For identification of parietal cells staining with tetranitrobluetetrazolium and electron microscopy were used in addition to common staining. The viability of the cells was over 95% assessed by trypan-blue exclusion. The parietal cells obtained responded actively to histamine stimulation when 14C-aminopyrine uptake was used as an functional index. In conclusion, percoll density gradient medium is suitable for yielding isolated parietal cells with both high purity and high viability.

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed1984

Inhibition of gastric secretion by a new H2-antagonist, YM-11170 in healthy subjects.

Oral administration of YM-11170 (5-20 mg) inhibited both basal and tetragastrin-induced gastric secretion of acid and pepsin in healthy volunteers. YM-11170 was at least 20 times more potent than cimetidine in inhibiting stimulated acid secretion. The area under the plasma concentration of YM-11170 vs time curve correlated positively to both dose and percent inhibition of acid output in response to tetragastrin. YM-11170 significantly inhibited basal and stimulated acid secretion even 10 h after a 20-mg dose. A plasma level of YM-11170 required for 50% inhibition of stimulated acid secretion was found to be 13 ng/ml. These results indicate that YM-11170 is a very potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion and that twice daily medication of 20 mg YM-11170 is recommendable for further antisecretory studies with ulcer patients.

Administration, Oral↗