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Biomedical subjects

N Takeuchi

Publications and source records attributed to N Takeuchi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Histologic examination of meniscal repair in rabbits.

After a cylindrical defect was made in the anterior segment of the lateral meniscus in rabbits, the meniscus was examined postoperatively at 2, 8, and 13 weeks. Horizontal sections were prepared at a central level of the meniscus from each sample and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Safranin O, and Masson trichrome. In addition, part of the tissue was immunologically stained with antibodies to chondroitin-4-sulfate, chondroitin-6-sulfate, keratan sulfate, and Type II collagen. Hematoxylin and eosin stained specimens were analyzed for repair tissue by microscopic study, and the cells observed in repair tissue were found to change from fibroblastlike cells to chondrocytelike cells with the progress of repair. Safranin O stained specimens showed a higher stainability with the progress of repair, confirming that abundant proteoglycan existed. In cases of complete healing, the repair tissue immunostained with antibodies to chondroitin-4-sulfate, chondroitin-6-sulfate, keratan sulfate, and Type II collagen showed a higher stainability than did the surrounding meniscus tissue. Thus, it is possible that the repair tissue might have been hyalinelike cartilage.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Acute interstitial pneumonia: high-resolution CT findings correlated with pathology.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between pathologic phases and high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings in patients with acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our retrospective review found 14 patients with AIP who were included in this study. Three patients were pathologically diagnosed as having AIP by open lung biopsy, and the other 11 patients were confirmed at autopsy. In eight of the 11 autopsy patients, the postmortem lungs were inflated and fixed by Heitzman's method, and a postmortem HRCT scan was obtained on all 11 autopsy patients. Paying special attention to the disease stage, we selected 27 areas of the lung from antemortem or postmortem HRCT and correlated them with pathologic findings. RESULTS: Nine areas of the lung that showed increased attenuation without traction bronchiectasis were associated with either the exudative (n = 5) or early proliferative (n = 4) phase of AIP. Eleven areas of increased attenuation with traction bronchiectasis were associated with either the proliferative (n = 4) or fibrotic (n = 7) phase of AIP. Honey-combing, observed in one area of the lung, corresponded to restructuring of distal airspaces and dense interstitial fibrosis. Six spared areas, within or adjacent to areas of increased attenuation, showed pathologic findings of the exudative phase. CONCLUSION: HRCT findings were not specific for the pathologic findings in our patients with AIP. Nevertheless, the findings of traction bronchiectasis in areas of increased attenuation suggested the proliferative or fibrotic phase.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

New sandwich ELISA for human urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase isoenzyme B as a useful clinical test.

We have developed a new ELISA for quantifying N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) isoenzyme B in human urine after raising monoclonal antibodies against the isoenzyme from human placenta. Though the obtained antibodies reacted not only to isoenzyme B but also to A, we could detect isoenzyme B selectively by a two-step sandwich ELISA with a pair of selected antibodies at low pH in the first reaction. The detected limit was 0.5 microgram/L for a sample volume of 25 microL. Within-run CVs ranged from 2.5% to 5.4% and between-run CVs ranged from 6.2% to 9.1%. Recoveries of NAG isoenzyme B added to each of three urine samples ranged from 91% to 114%. The dilution curves of urine samples showed good linearity. The cross-reactivity of NAG isoenzyme A was practically negligible (2-3%). The mean value for NAG isoenzyme B in spot urines from healthy adults was 2.9 micrograms/g creatinine. This ELISA method is rapid and precise enough for routine determination of NAG isoenzyme B in human urine.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1997

Increased alanine uptake and lipid synthesis from alanine in isolated hepatocytes of Wistar-Kyoto fatty rats: an inhibitory effect of biguanides.

To examine the pathophysiological characteristics of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, alanine metabolism in isolated hepatocytes of male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) fatty rats (genetically obese and hyperglycemic) and their lean littermates was investigated. The effects of glucagon and the biguanides, metformin and buformin, on alanine metabolism were also studied by measuring alanine uptake and lipid synthesis from alanine. WKY fatty rats showed higher plasma insulin and lipid concentrations than lean rats at 5 as well as at 12 weeks of age. Alanine uptake into hepatocytes was increased in fatty rats only at 12 weeks of age compared with lean rats. Lipid synthesis from alanine in hepatocytes was increased in fatty rats at 5 and 12 weeks of age compared with lean rats. Glucagon increased alanine uptake into hepatocytes but did not affect lipid synthesis from alanine in both fatty and lean rats. Low concentrations (0.1 mM) of biguanides decreased lipid synthesis from alanine only in fatty rats without inhibiting alanine uptake into hepatocytes. These observations suggest that lipid synthesis from alanine in hepatocytes of WKY fatty rats is accelerated prior to the onset of diabetes mellitus, which might be associated with the development of diabetes, and that an inhibitory effect on increased lipid synthesis is one of the pharmacodynamic actions of biguanides.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

Matrilysin gene expression in sporadic and familial colorectal adenomas.

We examined the expression of matrilysin mRNA in sporadic and hereditary colorectal adenomas to clarify the role of matrilysin in tumorigenesis. Matrilysin mRNA was not detected in normal colorectal mucosa from patients with either sporadic or familial adenomas. Matrilysin mRNA expression in sporadic adenomas correlated with the degree of dysplasia and the size of the mass, whereas most of the adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis coli expressed matrilysin mRNA irrespective of adenoma size or degree of dysplasia. Because matrilysin is more likely to be expressed in adenomas with a potential for malignancy, this enzyme may play a role in the malignant conversion of colorectal adenomas.

Actins↗
PubMed1997

[Bilateral synchronous testicular seminomas: a case report and review of the Japanese literature].

A 39-year-old man was referred to our hospital with right testicular swelling. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral, synchronous testicular tumors. Bilateral high inguinal orchiectomy was performed. Histological examination revealed anaplastic seminomas. Prophylactic radiation therapy was performed in the para-aortic and pelvic regions postoperatively, and no signs of metastasis have been found during the follow-up period of more than 5 months. Including the present case, 186 cases of bilateral testicular tumors reported in Japan are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA transformylase from bovine liver.

Substrate specificities of mammalian mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA transformylase (MTFmt) toward tRNA substrates were characterized in vitro. The MTFmt is able to formylate E. coli initiator methionyl-tRNA (Met-tRNA(fMet)) as efficiently as mammalian mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA. Furthermore, E. coli elongator methionyl-tRNA (Met-tRNA(mMet)) also serves as a substrate for mt MTF, whereas E. coli MTF rigorously excludes E. coli Met-tRNA(mMet) from formylation reaction. Thus, mammal mt MTF is suggested to have recognition mechanism different from E. coli MTF. To pursue the relationship between protein structure and unexpected substrate specificity of mammalian MTFmt, the nucleotide sequence of MTFmt gene was determined and its amino acids sequence was compared to other MTFs of prokaryotic origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Ambulatory manometric examination in patients with a colonic J pouch and in normal controls.

Anorectal function after anterior resection may be impaired as a result of reduced luminal capacity in the pelvis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the colonic J pouch neorectum by means of ambulatory manometry. Twelve patients with a colonic pouch following anterior resection and seven healthy controls were studied for a median of 6 (range 6-24) h using a probe with two pouch-rectal and two anal canal transducers. Records were interpreted by visual inspection. Pressure values and wave frequencies were determined by software analysis. Pouches had been functioning for a median of 32 (range 11-55) months. All patients with a pouch had an acceptable stool frequency. Seven of 12 patients complained of incomplete evacuation. Resting anal canal pressure (73 versus 100 cmH2O), pouch-rectal pressure (29 versus 15 cmH2O) and anal canal pouch-rectal pressure gradients (60 versus 85 cmH2O) were similar in patients and controls. The frequency of slow-wave activity in patients with a pouch was significantly lower than that in controls (7 versus 16 cycles per min, P = 0.001). Coordination between the colonic J pouch and the anal canal, in the form of sampling episodes, was observed in more than half of the patients with a functioning pouch. Large isolated contractions (pressure greater than 30 cmH2O and lasting longer than 20 s) and rhythmic contractions were the most frequent pattern of pouch motility.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Intraoperative ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hepatic metastases during surgery for colorectal cancer.

Approximately 20-25% of colorectal cancers have hepatic metastases at the time of operation and occult liver secondaries appear in 10-30% of curatively operated cases. Intraoperative liver ultrasonography has been reported to be the most accurate method for detecting colorectal metastases. A consecutive series of 119 colorectal cancer patients was studied by routine extracorporeal preoperative ultrasound (EUS), inspection and palpation of the liver at laparotomy and intraoperative liver ultrasound (IUS). 19 patients had liver metastases at the time of surgery. In eight, diagnosis was by EUS. Inspection and palpation yielded a further seven, and IUS alone a further four. Additional lesions were detected in 3 patients after preoperative ultrasound and in 6 patients following intraoperative palpation of the liver. In a further 4 cases IUS demonstrated additional metastases. Follow up for a median 38 months (12-59) was by clinical examination and six monthly liver ultrasound. During this time 8 patients, who were thought to have a clear liver, developed hepatic metastases. The mean time from surgery to the detection of occult hepatic metastases was 14.7 (8-26) months and 4 of these appeared in the second year. Intraoperative ultrasonography is a sensitive and useful method in detecting liver metastases, and may improve clinical staging and the selection of patients for further therapy. However some occult hepatic metastases will remain undetected.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Colonic J-pouch rectal reconstruction--is it really a neorectum?

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine whether a colonic J-pouch has similar properties to that of a normal rectum, including recovery of rectoanal coordination. METHODS: Ten patients with colonic J-pouch-anal anastomosis (anastomotic distance from anal verge, 3.5 (range, 2.0-4.5) cm for low rectal cancer (7 men; mean age, 64.7 (range, 44-76) years) were studied clinically and in the anorectal physiology laboratory at least one year after operation. Results were compared with a series of ten matched patients who underwent high anterior resection for upper rectal carcinoma (anastomotic height, 12.7 (range, 9.5-16) cm). RESULTS: Although results seemed to be slightly better in the group with the rectum preserved, no statistical differences could be found either in functional outcome or anorectal physiology. One-half of the patients with colonic J-pouch (neorectum) had a positive rectoanal inhibitory reflex. CONCLUSION: Addition of a colon pouch neorectum would appear to improve function to the level of those patients with a high anastomosis and "normal" rectum.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effects of beta-lactam antibiotics on intestinal microflora and bile acid metabolism in rats.

Wistar male rats were treated for six days with broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics, latamoxef, and cefotaxime. On the seventh day, the number of fecal anaerobic microbes decreased, total fecal bile acids decreased, and bile acid pools increased. Secondary bile acids such as beta-hyocholic, hyodeoxycholic, lithocholic, and deoxycholic acids decreased in the feces while the primary bile acids, cholic, beta-muricholic, and chenodeoxycholic acids, became predominant. Coprostanol, a microbial metabolite of cholesterol, also disappeared from the feces during the treatment. The cecum enlarged to almost twice the size of that in control rats, whereas the liver weight was not significantly changed. After treatment was stopped, the number of fecal microbes returned to the initial counts within a week, but restoration of bile acid and cholesterol metabolism required at least three weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effect of acarbose on blood glucose profiles and plasma 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol in type 2 diabetes poorly controlled by sulfonylurea therapy.

Sixteen patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled by glibenclamide (7.5-10.0 mg/day) were treated with acarbose (100 mg tds) for one week and the effect on the blood glucose profile, 24-hour urinary glucose excretion, plasma fructosamine, and plasma 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5-AG) level was determined. The blood glucose profile was more stable and levels were lower during acarbose administration. In some patients, this improvement was maintained after discontinuing acarbose. The M-value, an indicator of blood glucose fluctuations, decreased significantly from 33.2 +/- 3.0 (mean +/- SEM) in the run-in period to 13.4 +/- 2.4 during acarbose therapy (P < 0.001), and rose again to 26.5 +/- 4.4 (P < 0.001) in the follow-up period. The 24-hour urinary glucose excretion and plasma fructosamine decreased similarly (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) during and after acarbose therapy. Plasma 1,5-AG levels did not change significantly during acarbose therapy, but increased markedly afterwards (from 19.3 +/- 3.1 mumol 1(-1) to 25.0) +/- 3.1 mumol l-1, P < 0.001). Plasma 1,5-AG levels were significantly correlated with urinary glucose excretion one week earlier (r = 0.513, P < 0.006). These findings suggest that acarbose may improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients poorly controlled by sulfonylurea therapy and that plasma 1,5-AG might be used as a marker of glycemic control cooperating with other markers such as fructosamine and urinary glucose determination for monitoring the short-term response to antidiabetic therapy.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1996

Enhancement of CD3-mediated thymocyte apoptosis by the cross-linkage of heat-stable antigen.

Heat-stable antigen (HSA) is a murine differentiating antigen that is expressed on both CD4-CD8- double-negative and CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes but not CD4+ or CD8+ single-positive thymocytes. Effects of anti-HSA monoclonal antibody, R13, on thymocyte apoptosis induced by various stimulations were investigated by a single-cell suspension culture system. Immobilized R13 enhanced the CD3-mediated DNA fragmentation and killing of thymocytes but not the dexamethasone-induced or phorbol myristate acetate-induced killing of thymocytes. Immobilized R13 by itself could not induce thymocyte apoptosis. Soluble R13 enhanced CD3-mediated apoptosis when HSA and T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 were co-cross-linked by a cross-reactive secondary antibody. Even without the cross-reactive secondary antibody, soluble R13 enhanced CD3-mediated apoptosis, although a greater than 100-fold increase in the amount of R13 was needed to give a similar enhancement compared with immobilized R13. Neither R13 by itself nor R13 plus secondary antibody induced cytosolic calcium influx, whereas R13 enhanced CD3-mediated cytosolic calcium increase. These results suggest a functional role of HSA in promoting the activation-induced apoptosis of thymocytes and the involvement of HSA in negative selection.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

High-resolution CT findings of lung disease in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis.

The purpose of this study was to determine the type and distribution of interstitial lung disease seen in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis, using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). The presence and distribution of high-resolution CT findings were retrospectively evaluated in 25 patients with polymyositis/dermatiomyositis. In 14 patients, a pathological diagnosis of pulmonary disease was obtained. Three lung specimens were also studied. Results showed that 23 patients had abnormal HRCT showing the following abnormalities: ground glass opacities (92%), linear opacities (92%), irregular interfaces (88%), airspace consolidation (52%), parenchymal micronodules (28%), and honeycombing (16%). A relatively high prevalence of airspace consolidation (52%) and a low prevalence of honeycombing (16%) were observed. Two patients with extensive consolidation proved to have diffuse alveolar damage; eight patients with either subpleural band-like opacities (n = 5) and/or airspace consolidation (n = 7) had bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia; four patients with honeycombing had usual interstitial pneumonitis. We conclude that HRCT findings in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis are nonspecific. However, a high prevalence of airspace consolidation and a low prevalence of honeycombing were observed. Predominant HRCT patterns are suggestive of the pathologic processes occurring in polymyositis/dermatomyositis.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗