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Biomedical subjects

N Takeuchi

Publications and source records attributed to N Takeuchi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Limb salvage and survival rates among elderly patients with advanced limb ischemia.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the incidence of limb salvage and patient survival rates among elderly patients with advanced leg ischemia. We reviewed the records of 159 patients treated for advanced ischemia over a 15-year period at Aichi Medical University, 74 of whom were aged over 75 years and 85, between 65 and 74 years. There was a collective total of 186 limbs; 82 in the older group and 104 in the younger group. The older group had a greater proportion of women, and a higher incidence of coronary heart disease, pulmonary dysfunction, and acute onset of advanced ischemia than the younger group. Limb salvage was achieved in 73% of the affected limbs in the older group and in 92% of the limbs in the younger group. The poor limb salvage rate in the older group was mainly related to the high initial amputation rate. Early recognition of the sentinel ischemic signs before the ischemia is essential, especially in the elderly. Timely revascularization should be attempted whenever possible, and it should not be abandoned simply because the patient is deemed too old. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates in the older group were 59%, 28%, and 23%, respectively, which were markedly poorer than the expected survival rates of the age- and sex-matched Japanese population at 1, 3, and 5 years, which were 93%, 79%, and 65%, respectively. Thus, advanced limb ischemia carries a poor prognosis to the point of being life-threatening, and further continuous systemic management with the collaboration of physicians and surgeons must be provided even after the patient has left the hospital.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Stabilities of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) isoenzymes in urine: advantage of NAG isoenzyme B measurement in clinical applications.

N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) is a widely used urinary enzyme for the assessment of renal diseases. We studied the stabilities of NAG isoenzymes in urine at 37 degrees C by enzyme assay and ELISA using a model simulating in vivo conditions. The stabilities were found to be affected by the pH. Under mild acidic condition (about pH 6), there was no significant loss of enzymatic activity of NAG isoenzyme A, enzymatic activity of NAG isoenzyme B and immunological activity of NAG isoenzyme B even after 8 h incubation. In contrast, under alkaline condition (about pH 8), the enzymatic activity of NAG isoenzyme A was rapidly lost, whereas both enzymatic and immunological activities of NAG isoenzyme B were maintained at more than 80% of their initial values. Also, we found that the ratios of endogenous NAG isoenzyme B to total NAG were elevated in alkaline urine samples. These results indicate that NAG isoenzyme A, which is a major isoenzyme in normal urine (pH 5-7), seems to be inactivated in alkaline urine. Our results suggest that for alkaline urine, NAG isoenzyme B should be measured to avoid misinterpretation of total NAG enzymatic activities.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1998

Diesel exhaust particles stimulate human airway epithelial cells to produce cytokines relevant to airway inflammation in vitro.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic and experimental studies suggest that air pollution such as diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), one of the important air pollutants, may play a role in the increasing prevalence of allergic airway diseases. OBJECTIVE: We studied the effect of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and its main component, DEPs, on the production of IL-8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by human airway epithelial cells in vitro. METHODS: SPM obtained from high-volume air samplers and DEPs were added to cultured human nasal polyp-derived upper airway, normal bronchial, and transformed bronchial epithelial cells. Production of GM-CSF and IL-8 by airway epithelial cells was evaluated. RESULTS: Nontoxic doses of DEPs showed a significant stimulatory effect on IL-8 and GM-CSF production by these three kinds of epithelial cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. SPM had a stimulatory effect on GM-CSF, but not IL-8, production. These effects were abrogated by treatment with a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, suggesting that the process required a de novo protein synthesis. On the double-chamber plates, airway epithelial cells responded to DEPs only when they were stimulated from the apical sides, which can be a model for in vivo environments. Neither charcoal nor graphite showed such stimulatory effects, indicating that the activity of DEPs did not derive from their particulate nature. Benzo(a)pyrene, one of the main aromatic hydrocarbons contained in DEPs, showed a stimulatory effect on the release of the cytokines, and this organic substance might have a causative effect on of the potency of DEPs. CONCLUSION: We conclude that SPM and DEPs, its main component, might be important air pollutants in the activation of airway epithelial cells for the release of cytokines relevant to allergic airway inflammation.

Allergens↗
PubMed1998

Effects of chroman derivatives on platelet aggregation induced by some aggregating agents in rabbits.

1. We synthesized 10 chroman derivatives (CD-1 to CD-10) derived from khellactone, including praeruptorin A and praeruptorin B and examined the effects of these compounds on rabbit platelet aggregation. 2. These compounds exhibited an inhibitory effect on platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced platelet aggregation and their effects were more potent on PAF-induced platelet aggregation than on adenosine triphosphate (ADP)-, arachidonate (AA)- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation. In particular, (+/-)-cis-5-methoxy-6-methoxycarbonyl-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-ditiglyloxychr oman (CD-6), (+/-)-cis-5-methoxy-6-(2-methoxycarbonylethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl- 3,4-ditiglyloxychroman (CD-8), (+/-)-cis-3,4-diacetoxy-5-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-propylchroman (CD-9) and (+/-)-cis-5-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-propyl-3,4-ditiglyloxychroman (CD-10) showed a moderate inhibition of PAF-induced platelet aggregation. 3. From these findings, it is suggested that compounds with potent PAF antagonist activities have the following features: (i) a tiglyloxy moiety is required at the 3 and 4 positions; and (ii) the methoxy moiety is also required at the 5 position of chroman skeleton in khellactone.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1998

Roxithromycin inhibits cytokine production by and neutrophil attachment to human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro.

We evaluated the effect of roxithromycin on cytokine production and neutrophil attachment to human airway epithelial cells. Roxithromycin suppressed production of interleukin 8 (IL-8), IL-6, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. It inhibited neutrophil adhesion to epithelial cells. Roxithromycin modulates local recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells, which may have relevance to its efficacy in airway diseases.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

Pharmacological activities of khellactones, compounds isolated from Peucedanum japonicum THUNB. and Peucedanum praeruptorium DUNN.

The spasmolytic and antiallergic effects of AA and BB, compounds isolated from Peucedanum japonicum THUNB. (P. japonicum THUNB.) and Peucedanum praeruptorium DUNN. (P. praeruptorium DUNN.), were investigated in isolated smooth muscle and rat PCA. AA and BB showed noncompetitive antagonistic effects on Ach- and histamine-induced contraction in the isolated guinea pig ileum. Both AA and BB at 10(-6) g/ml caused a slight shift to the right of the dose-response curve for Ca2+ in isolated guinea pig ileum, and a concentration up to 3 x 10(-6) g/ml displayed noncompetitive antagonistic effects. The Ba2+ (3 x 10(-4) g/ml)-induced contraction in ileum and the histamine (10(-3) g/ml)-induced contraction in trachea were obtained to relaxation by AA and BB in a concentration-dependent fashion. AA and BB showed noncompetitive antagonist action on serotonin-induced contraction of the rat uterus excised 24-48 h after subcutaneous injection of female rats with estradiol. But, AA and BB were found to have hardly any inhibitory effect on rabbit thoracic aorta contractions induced by epinephrine (3 x 10(-6) g/ml). When the effect of oral administration of 40 mg/kg dose of BB was tested on the rat homologous PCA using anti-egg albumin mouse serum dilutions (1:100, 1:250, 1:500 and 1:750), it inhibited the 1:750 serum reaction 42.6%, but the inhibition rates for the other dilutions were 12-20%. Thus, based on the results of testing AA and BB, compounds isolated from P. japonicum THUNB. and P. praeruptorium DUNN. were confirmed to possess a spasmolytic effect on different types of smooth muscle and a mild antiallergic effect. These findings are of interest in regard to the medical uses of P. japonicum THUNB. and P. praeruptorium DUNN. as a herbal drug for bronchial asthma, spasmolytic effect, etc.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Chylous reflux into the lower limb with septic shock successfully treated by resection of the retroperitoneal megalymphatics.

A 15-year-old boy with primary chylous reflux into the left lower limb with septic shock was successfully treated by en bloc resection and ligation of the retroperitoneal megalymphatics. The episode of chyle discharge from the lower limb and/or genitalia and the presence of small vesicles of the skin may be an important sign in diagnosing chylous reflux. Surgical interruption of the chylous reflux and reduction of girth may be needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Long-term results and quality of life of hemi-Kock orthotopic ileal neobladder after radical cystectomy].

We analyzed the long-term results and the quality of life in patients who received orthotopic lower urinary tract reconstruction using the Kock ileal neobladder. Between July 1990 and October 1993, 37 consecutive patients including 2 females received orthotopic hemi-Kock neobladder after radical cystectomy. In these patients, we analyzed the urinary continence, complications and urethral recurrence, and performed a questionnaire survey by mail. Good continence all day had been achieved in 71% of the patients 4 years after surgery. The rate of the pouch-related complications requiring reoperation was 27%. There was no urethral recurrence. Compared with preoperative conditions, 42% were not satisfied with urination. In these dissatisfied patients, the need to use pads in the daytime, sensation of residual urine and weak urine stream were significantly more frequent than in satisfied patients. In summary, the rate of complications was higher than that of other methods. However, the Kock orthotopic ileal neobladder is a stable procedure providing good function over the long-term.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Polyol pathway hyperactivity is closely related to carnitine deficiency in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy of streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

To investigate the relationship between polyol pathway hyperactivity and altered carnitine metabolism in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, the effects of an aldose reductase inhibitor, [5-(3-thienyl) tetrazol-1-yl]acetic acid (TAT), and a carnitine analog, acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), on neural functions and biochemistry and hemodynamic factors were compared in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Significantly delayed motor nerve conduction velocity, decreased R-R interval variation, reduced sciatic nerve blood flow and decreased erythrocyte 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations in diabetic rats were all ameliorated by treatment with TAT (administered with rat chow containing 0.05% TAT, approximately 50 mg/kg/day) or ALC (by gavage, 300 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Platelet hyperaggregation activity in diabetic rats was diminished by TAT but not by ALC. TAT decreased sorbitol accumulation and prevented not only myo-inositol depletion but also free-carnitine deficiency in diabetic nerves. On the other hand, ALC also increased the myo-inositol as well as the free-carnitine content without affecting the sorbitol content. These observations suggest that there is a close relationship between increased polyol pathway activity and carnitine deficiency in the development of diabetic neuropathy and that an aldose reductase inhibitor, TAT, and a carnitine analog, ALC, have therapeutic potential for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.

Acetylcarnitine↗
PubMed1997

Bile acid metabolism in young-old parabiotic rats.

Serum cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid levels, liver cholesterol concentration, bile flow, biliary cholesterol, phospholipid and bile acid secretion rates, fecal sterol and bile acid levels and their bile acid compositions were examined in young-old parabiotic rats and compared with those in young and old control rats and young-young parabiotic rats. Bile acid composition was expressed in terms of the cholic acid group/chenodeoxycholic acid group (CA/CDCA) ratio. Body weight (BW) gain decreased after parabiosis especially in old rats, but the liver weight (g/100 g BW), diet-intake, feces dry weight, liver cholesterol concentration and fecal sterol level were almost the same in all the groups. The biliary bile acid secretion rate was higher and the fecal bile acid level was lower in old rats than those in young rats but both the levels became comparable with those in young rats after parabiosis of old rats with young rats. Young rats, however, showed no changes in these levels after parabiosis. The serum cholesterol level and the biliary and fecal CA/CDCA ratios in old rats were higher than those in young rats but decreased after parabiosis with young rats, although they were still higher than those in young rats. The serum cholesterol level in young rats increased after parabiosis with old rats, but not after parabiosis with young rats, and the fecal bile acid level and the CA/CDCA ratio were not changed in either case. It is concluded from these findings that the serum cholesterol level and the CA/CDCA ratio increased with age and that these increases were prevented after parabiosis with young rats while young rats, although their serum cholesterol level was increased, showed no increase in the CA/CDCA ratio after parabiosis with old rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

Histologic examination of meniscal repair in rabbits.

After a cylindrical defect was made in the anterior segment of the lateral meniscus in rabbits, the meniscus was examined postoperatively at 2, 8, and 13 weeks. Horizontal sections were prepared at a central level of the meniscus from each sample and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Safranin O, and Masson trichrome. In addition, part of the tissue was immunologically stained with antibodies to chondroitin-4-sulfate, chondroitin-6-sulfate, keratan sulfate, and Type II collagen. Hematoxylin and eosin stained specimens were analyzed for repair tissue by microscopic study, and the cells observed in repair tissue were found to change from fibroblastlike cells to chondrocytelike cells with the progress of repair. Safranin O stained specimens showed a higher stainability with the progress of repair, confirming that abundant proteoglycan existed. In cases of complete healing, the repair tissue immunostained with antibodies to chondroitin-4-sulfate, chondroitin-6-sulfate, keratan sulfate, and Type II collagen showed a higher stainability than did the surrounding meniscus tissue. Thus, it is possible that the repair tissue might have been hyalinelike cartilage.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Acute interstitial pneumonia: high-resolution CT findings correlated with pathology.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between pathologic phases and high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings in patients with acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our retrospective review found 14 patients with AIP who were included in this study. Three patients were pathologically diagnosed as having AIP by open lung biopsy, and the other 11 patients were confirmed at autopsy. In eight of the 11 autopsy patients, the postmortem lungs were inflated and fixed by Heitzman's method, and a postmortem HRCT scan was obtained on all 11 autopsy patients. Paying special attention to the disease stage, we selected 27 areas of the lung from antemortem or postmortem HRCT and correlated them with pathologic findings. RESULTS: Nine areas of the lung that showed increased attenuation without traction bronchiectasis were associated with either the exudative (n = 5) or early proliferative (n = 4) phase of AIP. Eleven areas of increased attenuation with traction bronchiectasis were associated with either the proliferative (n = 4) or fibrotic (n = 7) phase of AIP. Honey-combing, observed in one area of the lung, corresponded to restructuring of distal airspaces and dense interstitial fibrosis. Six spared areas, within or adjacent to areas of increased attenuation, showed pathologic findings of the exudative phase. CONCLUSION: HRCT findings were not specific for the pathologic findings in our patients with AIP. Nevertheless, the findings of traction bronchiectasis in areas of increased attenuation suggested the proliferative or fibrotic phase.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

New sandwich ELISA for human urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase isoenzyme B as a useful clinical test.

We have developed a new ELISA for quantifying N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) isoenzyme B in human urine after raising monoclonal antibodies against the isoenzyme from human placenta. Though the obtained antibodies reacted not only to isoenzyme B but also to A, we could detect isoenzyme B selectively by a two-step sandwich ELISA with a pair of selected antibodies at low pH in the first reaction. The detected limit was 0.5 microgram/L for a sample volume of 25 microL. Within-run CVs ranged from 2.5% to 5.4% and between-run CVs ranged from 6.2% to 9.1%. Recoveries of NAG isoenzyme B added to each of three urine samples ranged from 91% to 114%. The dilution curves of urine samples showed good linearity. The cross-reactivity of NAG isoenzyme A was practically negligible (2-3%). The mean value for NAG isoenzyme B in spot urines from healthy adults was 2.9 micrograms/g creatinine. This ELISA method is rapid and precise enough for routine determination of NAG isoenzyme B in human urine.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1997

Increased alanine uptake and lipid synthesis from alanine in isolated hepatocytes of Wistar-Kyoto fatty rats: an inhibitory effect of biguanides.

To examine the pathophysiological characteristics of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, alanine metabolism in isolated hepatocytes of male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) fatty rats (genetically obese and hyperglycemic) and their lean littermates was investigated. The effects of glucagon and the biguanides, metformin and buformin, on alanine metabolism were also studied by measuring alanine uptake and lipid synthesis from alanine. WKY fatty rats showed higher plasma insulin and lipid concentrations than lean rats at 5 as well as at 12 weeks of age. Alanine uptake into hepatocytes was increased in fatty rats only at 12 weeks of age compared with lean rats. Lipid synthesis from alanine in hepatocytes was increased in fatty rats at 5 and 12 weeks of age compared with lean rats. Glucagon increased alanine uptake into hepatocytes but did not affect lipid synthesis from alanine in both fatty and lean rats. Low concentrations (0.1 mM) of biguanides decreased lipid synthesis from alanine only in fatty rats without inhibiting alanine uptake into hepatocytes. These observations suggest that lipid synthesis from alanine in hepatocytes of WKY fatty rats is accelerated prior to the onset of diabetes mellitus, which might be associated with the development of diabetes, and that an inhibitory effect on increased lipid synthesis is one of the pharmacodynamic actions of biguanides.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

Matrilysin gene expression in sporadic and familial colorectal adenomas.

We examined the expression of matrilysin mRNA in sporadic and hereditary colorectal adenomas to clarify the role of matrilysin in tumorigenesis. Matrilysin mRNA was not detected in normal colorectal mucosa from patients with either sporadic or familial adenomas. Matrilysin mRNA expression in sporadic adenomas correlated with the degree of dysplasia and the size of the mass, whereas most of the adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis coli expressed matrilysin mRNA irrespective of adenoma size or degree of dysplasia. Because matrilysin is more likely to be expressed in adenomas with a potential for malignancy, this enzyme may play a role in the malignant conversion of colorectal adenomas.

Actins↗