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Biomedical subjects

N Takada

Publications and source records attributed to N Takada.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Alcoholic liver disease in heterozygotes of mutant and normal aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genes.

To clarify the pathogenetic role of acetaldehyde in the development of alcoholic liver disease, genotyping of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genes was performed and the clinical features of the alcoholic liver disease patients with different genotypes were compared. Genotyping of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 was performed in 47 patients with alcoholic liver disease using the polymerase chain reaction and slot-blot hybridization. Of the 47 patients with alcoholic liver disease, 40 were homozygous for the normal aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 gene and the remaining seven cases were heterozygous for the normal and mutant aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genes. No homozygote was found for the mutant aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genes. Daily alcohol intake was less than 100 gm in all heterozygotes without relation to the type of alcoholic liver disease. On the other hand, all but four patients homozygotic for the normal aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 gene drank more than 100 gm alcohol/day. The mean daily alcohol intake in the heterozygotes was significantly lower than that in the normal homozygotes. The incidence of alcoholic fibrosis tended to be lower in the heterozygotes than in the normal homozygotes (14.2% vs. 52.5%). On the other hand, the incidence of alcoholic hepatitis and/or cirrhosis tended to be higher in the heterozygotes than in the normal homozygotes. These results indicate that alcoholic liver disease develops even with moderate amounts of alcohol intake in heterozygotes of the aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genes, in which acetaldehyde metabolism in the liver is impaired and liver damage in the heterozygotes is more severe than that in the normal homozygotes, suggesting that habitual drinkers who are heterozygotes of the aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genes may be at high risk for alcoholic liver disease.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

[Effects of combination therapy with hyperthermia and immuno-targeting chemotherapy using anti-AFP antigen on hepatocellular carcinoma].

Combination therapy with hyperthermia and immuno-targeting chemotherapy was studied using conjugate of anti-AFP-antibody and adriamycin on AFP producing hepatocellular carcinoma (HC-4) in nude mice. Experimental groups were designed as follows; A. Control B. Adriamycin alone C. Conjugate alone D. Hyperthermia alone E. Adriamycin and hyperthermia F. Conjugate and hyperthermia. Hyperthermia was performed immediately after administration of ADM-conjugate (8.0 mg/kg as ADM) or ADM alone (8.0 mg/kg). Heating in the water bath was continued for 30 minutes at 42 degrees C or 40 degrees C and drug was injected intraperitoneally. Hyperthermic therapy at 42 degrees C along with ADM-conjugate completely inhibited the tumor growth compared with others. The serum AFP was undetectable level. The effectiveness of this treatment was also histologically confirmed. Tumor concentration of ADM remained at a significantly higher level for a prolonged period comparing other groups. Growth of HC-4 was completely suppressed by the combination therapy of hyperthermia and immuno-targeting chemotherapy. One of the probable causes of this antitumor effect may be due to prolonged and high level of ADM concentration in the tumor.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The limb-salvage surgery in the treatment of patient with osteosarcoma].

The survival of patient with osteosarcoma could be successfully prolonged and, moreover, limb-salvage procedures have become possible in carefully selected patients. One hundred and forty-seven patients with osteosarcoma, ranging in age from 5 to 56 years, were treated in our institute (1971-1989). Fifty-eight of them underwent limb-salvage surgery including 38 prosthetic replacement and 15 with wide resection only and 5 with rotation plasty. The survival rates of the 58 patients is shown in Table 5. The functional evaluation according to the Enneking's criteria was evaluated. In the evaluation of a function of the affected limbs following surgery satisfactory daily life capability may be taken into consideration even if the recreational capability is low.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Kidney-preserving radical tumor resection in advanced neuroblastoma.

The possibility of kidney-preserving radical tumor resection in advanced neuroblastoma was evaluated. Eighteen patients with stage III and IV adrenal neuroblastoma underwent delayed primary surgery after chemotherapy consisting of high doses of cyclophosphamide (1,250 mg/m2). Radical tumor resection with nephrectomy was performed in 13 patients (group A) and kidney-preserving radical tumor resection was performed in six patients (group B). Macroscopic findings were evaluated in all patients; angiographic and microscopic findings were evaluated in group A patients and tumor recurrence in group B patients. Macroscopically, the tumors were observed within the tumor capsule (C1) in five, outside the tumor capsule but not beyond the midline (C2) in seven, and beyond the midline (C3) in six. In group A, under microscopic examination, the tumor invasion into the renal parenchyma was observed in only three patients among C2 and C3 cases. Tumor vessels from the capsular and/or perforating arteries plus from the intrarenal arteries could be visualized in all patients, three of whom had tumor invasion into the renal parenchyma. In group B, no tumor recurrence around the kidney occurred, and two patients have survived for greater than 2 years. The kidney-preserving radical tumor resection is recommended in surgical treatment of advanced neuroblastoma following preoperative chemotherapy, and is predictable preoperatively by angiography.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Plasmid dependence of Pseudomonas sp. strain NK87 enzymes that degrade 6-aminohexanoate-cyclic dimer.

A bacterial strain, Pseudomonas sp. strain NK87, that can use 6-aminohexanoate-cyclic dimer as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen was newly isolated from wastewater of a factory which produces nylon-6. Two responsible enzymes, 6-aminohexanoate-cyclic-dimer hydrolase (P-EI) and 6-aminohexanoate-dimer hydrolase (P-EII), were found in the NK87 strain, as is the case with Flavobacterium sp. strain KI72, another 6-aminohexanoate-cyclic-dimer-metabolizing bacterium (H. Okada, S. Negoro, H. Kimura, and S. Nakamura, Nature [London] 306:203-206, 1983). The P-EI enzyme is immunologically identical to the 6-aminohexanoate-cyclic-dimer hydrolase of KI72 (F-EI). However, antiserum against the 6-aminohexanoate-dimer hydrolase purified from KI72 (F-EII) did not react with cell extracts of NK87, indicating that the F-EII and P-EII enzymes are immunologically different. Restriction endonuclease analyses show that the NK87 strain harbors at least six plasmids ranging in size from 20 to 80 kilobase pairs (kbp). The P-EI and P-EII genes were cloned in Escherichia coli. Both the P-EI and F-EI probes strongly hybridized with a 23-kbp plasmid in Southern hybridization analyses. The P-EII probe hybridized specifically with an 80-kbp plasmid, but the F-EII probe hybridized with none of the plasmids harbored in NK87. These results indicate that the P-EI gene and P-EII gene are encoded on the 23-kbp and 80-kbp plasmids, respectively.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1989

[Development of a new therapeutic method in hepatocellular carcinoma using a culture system--the intensifying effect of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) on the antitumor action of antitumor agents].

The culture system of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been established and the effect of hepatotrophic factors on these cell lines have been studied. During this study the effect of the human epidermal growth factor intensifying anti-tumor action of anti-tumor agents will be evaluated. HCC cell lines (C-HC-4, C-HC-20) show logarithmic growth in the serum-free medium. These growth curves after administration of 1 x 10(-12- -8) M of hEGF were measured, and the existence of the hEGF receptors was evaluated using the ABC method. The growth curve of HC-4 transplanted into nude mice was measured in 4 groups; the control group, the hEGF group, the gamma Interferon (gamma IFN) group, and the hEGF + gamma IFN group. The hEGF enhanced the cell growth of C-HC-4 and C-HC-20, and EGF receptors were confirmed immunohistologically. In the hEGF+ gamma IFN group, growth inhibition seems to be most important. The hEGF may intensify the anti-tumor action of the anti-tumor agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Small RNAs of the silkworm, Bombyx mori as revealed by in vitro capping and in vitro transcription.

1. We characterized several small RNAs in various tissues and strains of the silkworm, Bombyx mori by the in vitro capping and in vitro transcription. 2. Three subspecies of 7SL RNA, which is believed to be involved in protein secretion, were detected in the commercial strains. Structural differences among the three molecules were due to the nucleotide substitution at two positions or more. 3. A very AU-rich RNA, which is about 500 bases long, was always present in any tissue of Bombyx mori while 55 base RNA was only observed in a substantial amount in the fat body and culture cells. 4. These small RNAs were also observed among the in vitro transcripts of total Bombyx DNA in the cell-free extracts from the silkgland and fat body.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Diagnosis of malignant bone and soft part tumors].

In most bone tumors, the patient's local symptoms, which are usually pain and/or swelling, are nonspecific. Laboratory studies are of little significance in the diagnosis of the bone tumors, except myeloma and metastatic prostatic carcinoma. Though a definitive diagnosis must be made histologically, roentgenograms afford practically conclusive evidence of the malignant or benign nature of bony lesions and often indicate the histologic type. Differential diagnosis of malignant bone tumors which were misled as benign conditions were mainly described, and advantages and disadvantages of radiologic imaging methods such as RI, CT, and MRI, were also discussed. In the diagnosis of malignant soft part tumors, aspiration biopsy was strongly recommended but this necessitates experts' hand to avoid dissemination of the tumor cells to the normal tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Surgery for spine tumors].

One hundred and nine patients with spine tumors were treated surgically at Chiba University Hospital and Chiba Cancer Center in 1977-1987. The primary spine tumors included 9 chordomas, 6 myelomas and 5 giant cell tumors. The metastatic spine tumors were from primary lesions of the lung, breast, kidney, thyroid, prostate, and unknown origin. Fifty-eight patients were treated surgically by the posterior procedure, 18 with the anterior procedure and 33 with the combined anterior and posterior procedure. According to Frankel's classification, changes in neurological status were evaluated. In the patients classified as degree A, B or C by Frankel's classification before surgery, 56% showed improvement of neurological deficit. With regard to pain, about 90% of patients treated with surgical decompression and stabilization had pain relief, although only 42% of 21 patients given laminectomy alone experienced pain relief. Among the patients treated with the anterior procedure or combined anterior and posterior procedure, 60% of non-ambulatory patients were ambulatory after surgery, but in patients treated with the posterior procedure, only 48% of non-ambulatory patients were ambulatory after surgery. In planning of the surgical treatment of spine tumors, immediate surgical decompression and stabilization should be indicated before complete paralysis develops due to rapid deterioration of neurological status, after which the anterior approach for anterior lesions and the combined approach for extensive lesions is indicated.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

[A study of transfer of cefbuperazone into postoperative exudates in patients with cancer mastectomy or thyroidectomy].

Cefbuperazone (CBPZ) at a dose of 2 g was administered postoperatively by intravenous drip infusion to 9 patients subjected to radical mastectomy and 10 others subjected to thyroidectomy then levels of CBPZ in postoperative exudates were measured and its prophylactic effect on postoperative infections was determined. 1. Serum CBPZ levels in the patients after cancer mastectomy and thyroidectomy on postoperative day 1 were similar to those in healthy adults. 2. Levels of CBPZ in the postoperative exudates in patients subjected to cancer mastectomy reached a mean peak value of 66.3 micrograms/ml (range: 26.0-99.6 micrograms/ml) in 0-3 hours after administration, and the mean CBPZ level at 6 hours after administration was 33.3 micrograms/ml (range: 19.1-54.1 micrograms/ml). 3. As compared to the cases of cancer mastectomy, levels of CBPZ in postoperative exudates in patients subjected to thyroidectomy varied considerably from a patient to another: a mean peak level of 76.4 micrograms/ml (range: 31.3-128 micrograms/ml) appeared in 0 to 6 hours after administration. 4. There was no correlation between CBPZ levels in the exudate and hemoglobin levels or hematocrit values. 5. Likely because of the CBPZ administration at 4 g/day for 2 to 6 days postoperatively to 19 patients, postoperative infection was absent and no side effect attributable to this drug occurred in any of the patients. Because levels of CBPZ in postoperative exudates in patients subjected to cancer mastectomy or thyroidectomy were greater than MICs for principal Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, it is likely that this drug is a useful agent for prophylaxis against postoperative infections in patients undergoing cancer mastectomy or thyroidectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Fast neutron radiotherapy in the treatment of limb-salvage surgery in patients with osteosarcoma].

Preoperative radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy are effective for reducing the size of a tumor and rendering it resectable. The results achieved with systemic chemotherapy are ultimately reflected in improved survival. Moreover, limb-saving procedure in the treatment of osteosarcoma has become possible with rationality in carefully selected patients. Since 1975, 38 patients with osteosarcoma within an age range of 5 to 56 years, (average 17.9 years) have been treated by fast neutron radiotherapy, systemic chemotherapy and limb-salvage surgery. Twenty-two of these 38 patients underwent en bloc resection of the femur, eight resection of the proximal tibia and five resection of the proximal humerus. Only one of the 38 patients had evidence of local tumor recurrence and overall, 31 patients are currently alive without distant metastasis after 9 to 120 months follow-up. Preoperative fast neutron radiotherapy was employed and it was suggested that fast neutrons had a higher relative biological effectiveness and a greater therapeutic gain factor in comparison with X-rays. Fast neutron radiotherapy thus seems capable of playing a significant role in the treatment of osteosarcoma and is specifically useful for preservation of the affected limb.

Adolescent↗