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Biomedical subjects

N Tajima

Publications and source records attributed to N Tajima.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effect of an iso-osmolar contrast medium on pulmonary arterial pressure at pulmonary angiography.

A clinical comparison of the effects on pulmonary arterial pressure induced by contrast media with various osmolalities, iohexol 140 mg I/ml (300 mosm/kg H2O), iohexol 300 mg I/ml (690 mosm/kg H2O), and diatrizoate 292 mg I/ml (1480 mosm/kg H2O) following selective pulmonary angiography was made in 12 patients with normal pulmonary arterial pressure. A double-blind crossover study was performed and the contrast media were administered in random order. The pulmonary arterial pressure was recorded continuously before, during, and for 3 min after the injection. The effect of iohexol 140 on the pulmonary arterial pressure was significantly less marked than that of diatrizoate 292, whereas no statistical significance was shown between iohexol 140 and iohexol 300. These results indicate that iso-osmolar contrast medium (iohexol 140), as well as iohexol 300, would be better tolerated than diatrizoate 292, and is therefore a safer contrast medium for selective pulmonary angiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Experimental study of reflectance spectrophotometric analysis of the dog's dural sac--in the open decompressed state and after the application of external dural pressure.

Haemoperfusion and oxygen saturation were studied by tissue reflection spectra on the dural sac of dogs, Experimentally, decompression laminectomy and external pressure on the dural sac were carried out. Haemoperfusion and oxygen saturation were investigated in the open state, and after an external pressure was applied. After the application of external pressure, paraplegia occurred. The tissue Spectrum Analyser 'TS-200' (Sumitomo Electric Industries Co. Ltd, Japan) was used for the measurement of haemoperfusion and oxygen saturation. With this apparatus, an optical fibre probe is applied to irradiate tissue with white light, and the absorption spectrum of the reflected light from tissue is analysed. It has been confirmed that oxygen saturation was not changed in either state, however, haemoperfusion was decreased when external pressure was applied.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of NADH kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

At least two enzymes that phosphorylate diphosphopyridine nucleotides were detected in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: NADH-specific kinase was localized exclusively in the mitochondria, and NAD+-specific kinase was distributed in the microsomal and cytosol fractions but not in the mitochondria. The identity of NAD+ kinase detected in the two fractions remains equivocal. NADH kinase was highly purified 1,041-fold from the mitochondrial fraction. The Km values for NADH and ATP were 105 microM and 2.1 mM, respectively. The relative molecular mass was estimated to be 160,000 by means of molecular sieve chromatography. From inactivation studies with SH inhibitors and protection by NADH, it was demonstrated that a cysteine residue is involved in the binding site of NADH.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1989

Pilots with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus can self-monitor their blood glucose.

The study aims to clarify the efficacy of self-monitoring of blood glucose as a tool for diabetic management in seven airline pilots with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. All were controlled with diet alone and were encouraged to measure fasting blood glucose at least three times weekly and occasional postprandial determinations for 6 months. HbAlc levels were measured every other month. After starting self-monitoring, fasting blood glucose level significantly declined from 126 +/- 18 mg.dl-1 to 109 +/- 13 mg.dl-1. HbAlc and serum lipids concentrations were also improved. The motivation of the subjects in adhering to strict diet therapy which led to the better control of diabetes was remarkable, and resulted in a lower rate of temporary disqualification from flying (17.6% vs. 7.7%). We conclude that self-monitoring of blood glucose is highly effective and should be recommended to airline pilots with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus for diabetes management.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Posterolateral fusion of the lumbar and lumbosacral spine--a review of long term results.

1. Long-term results of posterolateral lumbar and lumbosacral spinal fusion were evaluated in 40 patients who had been treated by this technique 10 years or more (mean: 14 years and 6 months). 2. In the clinical evaluation employing the criteria for assessment by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA score), the total score averaged 24.2 points. The roentgenographically assessed bone union rate was 93.2%. At the site of operation, the angular displacement was within 5 degrees and the horizontal displacement ranged from 0.7% to 1.4%. Thus, a long-term stability was confirmed. 3. Although age-related problems such as osteoporosis remain unsolved, the long-term results were so good that this technique can be recommended as a salvage operation in patients with an unstable spine or those requiring decompression from the posterior approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Species identification of blood stains using a biotin-labeled DNA probe.

In an attempt to identify blood stains of human origin, DNA was extracted from human and animal dried blood stains and examined using recombinant DNA techniques. As a DNA probe, biotin-labeled or radioisotopically labeled human repetitive sequence 2.3 Kb Hind III fragment (pH 12) in pBR 322 was used. The probe clearly hybridized with human DNA, but not with DNA extracted from frog, fish, mouse, rat, rabbit, chicken, cat, dog, and sheep. DNA from a Japanese monkeies and from a chimpanzee also hybridized with comparable efficiency. The minimum amount of the blood for the species identification was estimated to 0.4 microliter of fresh blood, 2.1 microliters of 2 weeks old blood stain and 3.8 microliters of 3 months old blood stains, indicating that only one drop of human blood is sufficient for species identification. There was no difference of "signal" between isotopic and non-isotopic procedures for DNA analysis. The advantages of the non-isotopic method for species identification of blood stains in forensic science is briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Telecommunication and international health research.

Telecommunication will revolutionize how international medical research is completed. It is faster, more accurate, less expensive, and potentially more accessible than all other existing modes of communication. It is time for medical scientists to come into the age of electronic communication.

International Cooperation↗
PubMed1986

Height at diagnosis of insulin dependent diabetes in patients and their non-diabetic family members.

Height at the onset of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus was evaluated in 200 newly diagnosed children, 187 non-diabetic siblings, and 169 parents. Diabetic children 5-9 years of age at diagnosis were consistently taller than the national average. Non-diabetic siblings of the same age were also tall. Diabetic children aged 14 or over at diagnosis were short, while their siblings and parents were of normal height. Diabetic children positive for islet cell antibodies were taller than those without islet cell antibodies. No association between height and HLA antigens was found. Non-diabetic siblings at high risk for the disease were closer in height to the diabetic children than were the lower risk, non-diabetic siblings. Siblings, particularly those under 10, were also significantly more obese than the general population. Deviations in growth in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus appear to be related to age at diagnosis and a factor(s) not related to parental height.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Differences between blacks and whites in the epidemiology of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.

Racial differences in the incidence and natural history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were evaluated in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The yearly incidence rate for whites was approximately 1.5 times that for blacks. The cumulative risk of developing insulin-dependent diabetes prior to age 20 was greater for whites (3.1/1,000, males; 2.8/1,000, females) than for blacks (1.7/1,000, males; 2.0/1,000, females). There was a slight excess risk for white males versus white females (relative risk = 1.09, p = 0.04), while no sex differential in risk was noted for blacks. The temporal trends and seasonal patterns were similar. Blacks more frequently possessed human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-DR3/X and whites DR4/X; however, the risks associated with these antigens were similar by race. At onset, blacks had evidence of greater immunologic disturbance and less frequently reported infection than whites, although blacks more often had evidence of previous coxsackie viral infections. Evaluation of mortality patterns by race revealed that blacks had a higher mortality rate than whites. By 20 years duration of diabetes, blacks had a 2.4-fold increase in the risk of mortality compared with whites.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Cryomicrotomy of the lumbar spine.

To investigate the pathogenesis of lumbar canal stenosis, a morphologic study was carried out by cryomicrotomy using 10 fresh lumbar spine specimens from the 3rd lumbar vertebra to the 1st sacral vertebra. The cryomicrotomy findings confirmed that anatomical relations were clearly demonstrated between dura, nerve root, osseous structure, disc and ligamentum flavum in frontal, sagittal, and transverse section. Furthermore, in sagittal section specimens, thickness of ligamentum flavum varies from extension to flexion. These conditions play a dynamic factor in the pathogenesis of spinal canal stenosis.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1986

New spinal instrumentation and a study of its kinetics.

The new system described here is a segmental square spinal instrumentation (termed 3-S) for spinal fusion. To estimate the strength of this instrumentation, compression, flexion and torsional strength were tested and compared with that of the conventional instrumentation of Harrington or Luque with the following results; In the compression and flexion tests, the 3-S instrumentation models are mechanically stronger but inflexible, and has less deformation than the other types. In the torsion test, with regard to the moment and the torsion angle at the time of breakage of spinal models, the 3-S type was ranked between the Harrington and Luque types. Those results suggested clinical usefulness for improving spinal stability.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Pittsburgh Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Morbidity and Mortality Study: physical activity and diabetic complications.

The long-term health consequences of chronic physical activity for patients with type I diabetes are unknown. In the current study, the association of physical activity to diabetic complications was assessed in 696 type I diabetic individuals diagnosed between 1950 and 1964. Participation in team sports in high school or college was not associated with a decreased prevalence of severe retinopathy or blindness later in life. There was, however, a suggestion of a negative association between physical activity and both cardiovascular disease and overall mortality, ie, individuals who participated in team sports were somewhat less likely to report macrovascular disease at follow-up or to have died than nonparticipants. The relationship between physical activity and diabetic complications only appeared in male subjects. The results suggest that activity early in life by patients with type I diabetes does not appear to be associated with an adverse health effect and may, in fact, be beneficial.

Actuarial Analysis↗