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Biomedical subjects

N Tajima

Publications and source records attributed to N Tajima.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury on myocardial single pass extraction and retention of Cu-PTSM in perfused rat hearts: comparison with 201T1 and 14C-iodoantipyrine.

The effects of ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial damage on the single pass extraction and retention of 64Cu-pyruvaldehyde-di(N4-methylthiosemicabazone) (64Cu-PTSM) in perfused rat hearts were compared to these effects on that of 201T1 and 14C-iodoantipyrine. 201T1 and 14C-iodoantipyrine did not show significant changes, but in the case of 64Cu-PTSM, the single pass extraction and retention was reduced with reperfusion. These findings indicate that ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial damage decrease the generator-produced 62Cu-labeled 62Cu-PTSM extraction and retention, and that 62Cu-PTSM might have potential not only as a blood flow tracer but also as a functional tracer.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Cu-ATSM, an intracellular-accessible superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like copper complex: evaluation in an ischemia-reperfusion injury model.

We have reported a stable superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like copper complex, Cu-ATSM, which shows high membrane permeability and distribution to the brain or heart. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of Cu-ATSM on superoxide-mediated tissue damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion using an isolated perfused rat heart model. Lipid peroxidation levels in the Cu-ATSM treated group were lower than those in the non-treated group. Furthermore, released creatine phosphokinase into the perfusate, a marker of tissue damage, was reduced by Cu-ATSM treatment. These results indicated the possibility of Cu-ATSM being an effective SOD-like drug for the treatment of superoxide-mediated damage, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Shanghai, China, has the lowest confirmed incidence of childhood diabetes in the world.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in 0- to 14-year-old children in Shanghai, China, from 1980 to 1991. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were collected from hospitals with pediatric departments. The secondary source of validation was primary and middle schools. RESULTS: The average crude annual incidence rate was 0.61/100,000 (95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.77). The ascertainment-corrected incidence rates were 0.72/100,000 (0.57-0.91). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of childhood diabetes in Shanghai, China, was one of the lowest, if not the lowest, in the world.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Disease monitoring.

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Epidemiologic Methods↗
PubMed1993

Counting diabetes in the next millennium. Application of capture-recapture technology.

Monitoring diabetes is critical for our understanding of the etiology and natural history of disease and for public health actions. However, traditional methods for monitoring are either too expensive (e.g., IDDM registries, NIDDM-OGTT prevalence surveys) or too inaccurate (routinely collected data or passive surveillance) for broad accurate, national programs for monitoring the incidence and prevalence of disease. We suggest that one technology called capture-recapture would considerably increase our ability to "count" diabetes, both nationally and globally. Implementation of this approach could lead to accurate inter- and intracountry data on rates of disease. Moreover, such tracking of diabetes could serve as the model for the monitoring of all disease in the 21st century and beyond.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Social and economic impact on youth-onset diabetes in Japan.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the social and economic backgrounds of youth-onset insulin-treated diabetes mellitus in Japan. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a case-control study on 35 diabetic patients with age at onset of 19.5 +/- 5.1 yr and duration of diabetes 14.9 +/- 6.7 yr. Sex- and age-matched (within 5 yr) siblings were selected as control subjects. Thirty-five matched pairs were asked to complete a questionnaire, including employment status and educational achievement. RESULTS: Overall, diabetic patients were more likely to encounter job refusal in their lives than sibling control subjects (20 vs. 0%), and most patients (6/7) who had an experience of job refusal told job interviewers about their diabetes. Although the full-time employment rate and unemployment rate did not differ significantly between patients and control subjects, income levels were lower among patients than in the sibling (1600 vs. 2500 thousand yen). A multivariate analysis indicated that patients had lower incomes than control subjects after adjusting for the effect of physical disability. Educational achievements in the patients were similar to those in the siblings. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that diabetic patients had several social and economic problems in Japan. Further studies in more subjects are required to grasp the social and economic impact on diabetes precisely, and minimize the social handicaps on diabetic patients.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1993

Immunohistochemical study of chymopapain injected into the rabbit intervertebral disc using anti-chymopapain antibody.

This study was undertaken to investigate the morphological action of chymopapain (CP) in intervertebral discs. Of 20 mature Japanese white rabbits, 19 lumbar intervertebral discs were used for electron microscopic examination, and 36 discs, for immunohistochemical examination. Discs from 3 hours to 8 weeks after injection were observed by light and electron microscopy using anti-CP rabbit antibody labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Using Kagami's DMF-dehydration, two types of fine fibers were observed in the extracellular matrix of normal nucleus pulposus, in addition to collagen fiber. After injection of CP, the thinner fibers disappeared, while the thicker fibers remained. The injected CP spread from the nucleus pulposus to the annulus fibrosus within several hours and remained as long as 4 weeks. By immunoelectron microscopy, positive granules were divided into Type 1 (lacking relationship to collagen fibers) and Type 2 (adhering to or surrounding collagen fibers). The thinner fibers appear to be proteoglycan monomer and are the target for CP.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Correction of scoliosis with shape-memory alloy.

Using NiTi shape-memory alloy, we devised an instrument for correction of scoliosis. Our instrument is characterized by gradual correction of the spine. Restoration power of the alloy was 25 kgcm in a rod with a diameter of 3 mm, 45 kgcm in a 4-mm rod, and 110 kgcm in a 5-mm rod. Spinal cord injuries on heating the rod were observed at an epidural temperature of 48 degrees C or more, suggesting that 48 degrees C is the critical temperature. The blood Ni concentration after implantation of the NiTi alloy rod reached a level twice normal after 6-9 hours. After 4 weeks, the Ni concentration increased 4-fold in the kidneys, 2-fold in the liver, and 10-fold in the urine. Alloy rods were attached to a scoliosis monkey and heated gradually. Scoliosis with a Cobb angle of 43 degrees was completely corrected.

Alloys↗
PubMed1993

Mortality experience of cockpit crewmembers from Japan Airlines.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term mortality and causes of death among cockpit crewmembers. A total of 2,327 cockpit crewmembers registered at Japan Airlines between August 1, 1952, and December 31, 1988, were traced to assess mortality. Medical records were also reviewed. The mortality rates for the cockpit crewmembers were compared to those for the general Japanese population using standardized mortality ratios (SMR's). As of December 31, 1988, 59 (2.5%) of 2,327 individuals were deceased, and the leading causes of death were accidents, malignant neoplasms, and cardiovascular diseases. The overall mortality rate for the cockpit crew was significantly lower than the national standard (SMR = 0.66, p < 0.001; 95% C.I. 0.50-0.85). However, marked differences were found in cause-specific mortality, where mortality due to accidents was significantly increased (SMR = 2.43, p < 0.001; 95% C.I. 1.63-3.50), while deaths from cancer were similar, and those for cerebral vascular accidents (CVA) and coronary artery disease (CAD) were lower than comparable rates for the general population. We conclude that cockpit crewmembers had a better total mortality experience compared to the general Japanese population, except for deaths due to accidents.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Chronic fatigue syndrome--51 cases in the Jikei University School of Medicine].

Between April 1991 and August 1992, we diagnosed 51 cases of CFS who met definition of CFS designated by CDC, 1988. They are 41 female and 11 male, and 78% are women. At first visit, their ages are ranged from 16 to 64 years old, and approximately 45% is 20 to 30 years old. In periods of illness from onset, 39.2% of the patients are in period of 6 month to 1 year, 19.6% within 2 years, and 15.6% within 3 years, respectively. The sufferer who have symptoms of CFS over 10 years long are in 6 cases. Most of patients have already been examined by many other clinics and hospitals. They have been told as no abnormal medical condition, or often as neurosis, depressive state and autonomous imbalance etc. Interesting things are trigger of CFS. 77.5% of patients have onset of flu-like symptom, including 5 cases of acute infectious mononucleosis. In many female patients, symptoms of CFS begun after hand work in addition to psychological factors. Specific laboratory results are not shown in CBC, urinalysis, biochemical studies and inflammatory marhers. 6 cases hare positive Rheumatoid factor and positive ANF are shown in 16 cases (31.3%). Specific patterns of anti EBV antibodies are not shown. Lymphocyte subsets used by monoclonal antibodies are not specific. At the present, prognosis is good and 56.8% of CFS patients are generally improved. For severe cases, NSAID, Sulpiride, Amitryptiline and minor tranquilizer are used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Digital artery tortuosity and elasticity: a biomechanical study.

The gross structure of the digital artery distal to the proximal interphalangeal joint is significantly different from its proximal portion. Previous research in this laboratory has revealed that over half of all fingers exhibit marked tortuosity of this artery in juxtaposition to the distal interphalangeal joint. Any structure with a large amount of bending will have the properties of a spring. An understanding of these properties may help in creating tension-free anastomoses during finger tip replantation. The elastic strength and energy storage capacities of the distal digital artery were measured in 26 cadaver arteries.

Arteries↗
PubMed1991

The influence of transmeridian flight on human circulating lymphocytes.

We studied the influence of transmeridian flight on the number of circulating lymphocytes, which have a circadian rhythm with low values in the daytime. The number of T lymphocytes was found to be higher than the baseline value, yet its rhythmicity was maintained after eastward flight with an 8-h time difference. The number of OKB2+ as well as Leu11+ cells were suppressed after the flight. The change in the number of T lymphocytes occurred due to the increased number of OKT4+ lymphocytes. There was no correlation between the number of OKT4+ lymphocytes and the plasma cortisol level, though plasma cortisol is a major factor in regulating the number of lymphocytes. These data showed that the number of helper/inducer T lymphocytes, B cells, and natural killer cells were affected by the physical conditions experienced after the flight. The changes in T lymphocytes were independent of those of plasma cortisol levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Recovery of circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol levels after a 3-day trip between Tokyo and San Francisco.

The objective of the present study is to investigate the change in the circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol levels following a 3-d trip and a westbound return flight from San Francisco (SFO) to Tokyo. Six healthy male students volunteered for the project. Plasma cortisol levels were monitored 4 times daily for 13 d during the experimental period. In Tokyo, the baseline pattern of cortisol concentrations showed the classical diurnal profile. During the 50-h stay in SFO, phase advancement of 8 h was observed for the initial 32 h. This was followed by a disturbance in the profile for the remaining 18-h period. After returning to Tokyo, the subjects exhibited the original diurnal pattern beginning Day 1. However, complete resynchronization was not apparent until Day 4 after the return.

Adaptation, Physiological↗