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Biomedical subjects

N Saitoh

Publications and source records attributed to N Saitoh.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effect of total-body cold exposure on plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor, endothelin-1 and thrombomodulin in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with or without Raynaud's phenomenon.

The effect of total-body cold exposure on plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor (vWF), endothelin-1 (ET) and thrombomodulin (TM), all of which are considered to be generated from the endothelium, was studied in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with and without Raynaud's phenomenon. The plasma levels of vWF, ET and TM in SLE patients, irrespective of the presence of Raynaud's phenomenon, were significantly higher than in normal controls even before the cold provocation test. After the cold provocation test, plasma levels of vWF and ET were significantly higher in SLE patients with Raynaud's phenomenon than in those without and in normal controls. No significant increase in TM was observed in either the SLE patients or the controls. These results suggest that SLE patients, regardless of the presence of Raynaud's phenomenon, are in a hypercoagulable state and that this state may be further intensified by cold exposure. Hence, it is concluded that we should consider antithrombotic therapy for SLE patients, especially those with Raynaud's phenomenon, to prevent unwanted activation of the coagulation system and possible endothelial damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of mexiletine on the haemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation.

The efficacy of intravenous mexiletine in attenuating the cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation was studied in 30 normotensive patients undergoing elective surgery. The patients were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups: saline (n = 10); 2 mg/kg mexiletine (n = 10); and 3 mg/kg mexiletine (n = 10). The placebo/mexiletine was administered immediately before induction of anaesthesia using 5 mg/kg thiopentone and tracheal intubation was facilitated with 0.2 mg/kg vecuronium; laryngoscopy lasting 30 s was attempted 2 min after induction of anaesthesia. All groups showed a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in mean arterial pressure and heart rate associated with tracheal intubation. The increase in mean arterial pressure was significantly (P less than 0.05) smaller in patients receiving 3 mg/kg mexiletine compared with those receiving either saline or 2 mg/kg mexiletine. There was no significant attenuation in heart rate in either of the mexiletine treatment groups compared with the saline group. It is concluded that 3 mg/kg mexiletine given intravenously provides a simple and effective method for attenuating the pressor response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of trimetaphan on the cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation.

In three groups of 10 patients, we have studied the effect on the cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and intubation of bolus doses of saline or trimetaphan 0.05 mg kg-1 or 0.1 mg kg-1 given 1.75 min before the start of laryngoscopy. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone 5 mg kg-1 i.v. and tracheal intubation was facilitated with vecuronium 0.2 mg kg-1. During anaesthesia, ventilation was assisted or controlled with 1% enflurane and 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Patients receiving saline showed a significant increase in mean arterial pressure and rate-pressure product associated with tracheal intubation. These increases following tracheal intubation were less in trimetaphan-treated patients compared with those of the control group (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in heart rate following tracheal intubation between the three groups. These data suggest that trimetaphan may be used as a supplement during induction, to attenuate the hypertensive response associated with laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1991

Gastrointestinal absorption of quaternary ammonium compounds correlated to their binding to small intestinal brush border membrane in rat.

The relationship between absorption of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) from rat intestine and their in-vitro binding to isolated brush-border membrane has been examined, using a series of n-alkyltrimethylammoniums. The binding of these QACs gradually increased with each extension of unbranched hydrocarbon chain from octyltrimethylammonium to tetradecyltrimethylammonium. However, hexyltrimethylammonium and heptyltrimethylammonium failed to bind to the membrane. On the other hand, the disappearance of these QACs from rat jejunal loop also increased with the length of hydrocarbon chain over the range of 8.9 to 71.3%. A good correlation was found between binding to the brush-border membrane and disappearance from jejunal loop. From these results, it was suggested that the size of the hydrophobic part of a QAC molecule was a principal determinant of both absorption and membrane binding, and that the absorption of QACs with an appropriate sized hydrophobic part, was closely associated with the degree of binding to the membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Surgical indication and significance of portal vein resection in biliary and pancreatic cancer.

Tumor and vascular resection was carried out in 27 patients with biliary and pancreatic cancer. Vascular resection included resection and reconstruction of the both the portal vein and hepatic artery in two of the patients. Portal vein resection only was carried out in 23 patients, and resection of the side wall and plasty of the portal vein was carried out in the other two patients. The technical limit of portal vein resection without graft was 4 cm in the hepatic hilus and 7 cm after total pancreatectomy or pancreatoduodenectomy without grafts. On temporary occlusion of the portal vein between resection and reconstruction, simple occlusion was sufficient if it occurred within 30 minutes. In occlusion of more than 30 minutes, simultaneous occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery is better to prevent congestion of the intestine. If occlusion of more than 60 minutes is anticipated, a bypass between the superior mesenteric vein and the femoral vein with Anthron tube is recommended. The postoperative course was uneventful in 20 of the 27 patients. Two patients died within 1 month after surgery. The mortality rate for this aggressive surgery was 8.4%. Minor complications such as hydrothorax, small bile leakage, and localized abscess were observed but soon subsided in five patients. Fourteen of 27 patients survived or are alive after more than 1 year, and 9 of 14 patients survived or are alive after 2 years. Forty-seven percent of the patients who had no lymph node metastasis or peritumor lymph node metastasis without cancerous invasion of the portal vein intima survived more than 2 years. The longest length of survival of a patient with nonfunctioning islet cell carcinoma of the pancreatic head was 5 years 9 months. The longest surviving patient with ductal cell carcinoma of the pancreas is still living after 4 years. This approach is recommended in certain patients with vascular involvement but without lymph node metastasis or those patients with only peritumor lymph node involvement. Frozen section of mesenteric and paraaortic nodes should be standard practice before this aggressive resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Preoperative radiotherapy in rectal carcinoma. 2. The effect of irradiation on lymph node involvement].

A total of 38 cases of advanced rectal cancer (non-radiation group; 25 cases, radiation group; 13 cases) was studied in order to clarify the effect of preoperative radiation therapy (42.6 Gy) on lymph node metastases in rectal carcinoma. In all cases, microcarbon was submucosally injected into the rectal wall the day before operation in order to increase the number of removable lymph nodes from resected specimens as many as possible. By this method, the number of lymph nodes detected per specimen increased from 40 to 60. The incidence of lymph node metastases was 38.5% in radiation group and 64.0% in non-radiation group. The mean number of lymph nodes with metastases was 8.6 in non-radiation group, however, 2.8 in radiation group. With regard to the relationship between size and number of positive lymph nodes, especially in small lymph nodes measuring less than 3 mm, the incidence of metastases was 6.4% in non-radiation group, whereas 0% in radiation group. As a result, it was evident that preoperative radiation therapy in rectal cancer would reduce the number of positive lymph nodes significantly and the effect of radiation was prominent in small lymph nodes.

Charcoal↗
PubMed1990

[Contamination of urban air in a snowy district with 1-nitropyrene and particulate matter during the winter].

Nitroarenes, potent rodent carcinogens, have attracted much attention as environmental contaminants. Recently, simultaneous exposure to dust have been found to potentiate tumorigenicity of nitroarenes in rats (14). We hypothesized that inhabitants of northwestern Japan may be exposed to such substances in winter. First, we sought to develop a sensitive yet time saving method to determine nitroarene concentrations in airborne particulate matter. The method developed used a high-performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a fluorescence detector. By on-column catalytic reduction, using silica coated with platinum and rhodium, 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), 1,3-dinitropyrene, 1,6-dinitropyrene, and 1,8-dinitropyrene were effectively reduced to their amino derivatives which were easily detectable with the fluorescence detector. The lowest detectable limits found using the present method were on the order of picograms for individual compounds. Subsequently, we sought to determine the concentrations of nitroarenes using the new method on airborne particulate matter during the period from November to April. Samples were collected at sampling sites on road with high-volume air samplers for 24 hours or 72 hours in four different rural areas in Iwate Prefecture. At one location in the city of Morioka, samples were collected at the height of 25 m from the ground. Among the four nitropyrenes mentioned above, only 1-NP was detected in the samples. The concentrations of 1-NP and airborne particulates changed significantly in all examined areas in parallel with the rise and fall of the frequencies of studded tire use. The highest 1-NP and airborne particulate concentrations were 1.210 pg/m3 and 1,291 micrograms/m3, respectively, being recorded at the busiest road in Kitakami. In contrast, the lowest values were 38 to 66 pg/m3 for 1-NP and 54 to 94 micrograms/m3 for airborne particulates in Morioka, being recorded in November and April, respectively. The mutagenicities of extracts of airborne particulate matter showed similar trends. Thus, exposure situations with high concentrations of dust and 1-NP were confirmed to occur in Iwate. Finally, the risk posed by 1-NP in airborne particulate matter was estimated using the equation proposed by Cuddihy and McClellan (37) and was found to range from 3.12 x 10(-2) to 24.2 x 10(-2) lung cancer/year/10(6) people. Although the estimated risk due to 1-NP is relatively small, further surveillance is highly recommended in those areas since heavy dust exposure also occurs there.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1990

[Preoperative radiotherapy in rectal carcinoma. I. The effect of irradiation on the tumor volume].

We studied an effect of preoperative radiation upon the change of tumor volume in rectal carcinoma. As a preliminary study, tumor volume of 15 cases of rectal carcinoma with no preoperative irradiation was estimated preoperatively using the transrectal ultrasonography, and were compared with those determined by resected specimens after operation. As a result, there was a parallel relationship between the two values, and mean estimation error rate was 14.6%. Next, the same method was applied to 15 patients with rectal carcinoma who underwent preoperative radiation in order to detect the reduction rate of tumor volume after radiation therapy (42.6 Gy). As a consequence, 80% of cases exhibited the reduction rate more than 50% with an average of 61.7%. It was suggested that the determination of pre- and postoperative tumor volume would be beneficial to evaluation of preoperative radiation therapy as well as decision of the optimal dose of radiation in rectal carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative study of the bacterial flora in both uterocervical and uterine regions].

The relationship between indigenous bacterial floras in the lower genitals and the uterocervical region is of importance due to a barrier-like role against ascending infections through the mechanism of the localized protection at a boundary of the uterocervical region. Therefore, bacterial flora in the uterocervical and uterine regions was studied in cases for which gynecological operations were performed (n = 77). 1. Ratios of incidences of the detection of bacteria on the uterocervical and in the uterine regions were 50/77 (64.9%) and 6/77 (7.8%), respectively. When different age groups are compared, the detection ratio from the uterocervical region was high among patients in the 40 s, and all the cases in which bacteria were detected from the uterine region were in the 40 s. 2. Gram-positive bacteria were detected at a high ratio, and anaerobic bacteria were noted in the uterocervical region, and ratios of detection of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Lactobacillus sp. and Propionibacterium acnes were high. Six strains of Gram-positive bacteria and 1 strain of Candida sp. were noted in the uterine region. 3. When cefmetazole (CMZ) was administered for the prevention of the infections after these panhysterectomy cases examined here, no postoperative infectious diseases nor adverse reactions were noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Immunohistochemical study of keratin-positive cells in human prostatic cancer].

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the localization and distribution of keratin-positive cells (KPC) in the various pathological types of prostatic cancer, and to investigate the correlation between the basal cell and KPC. The localization of keratin was immunohistochemically investigated in 20 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 33 human prostatic adenocarcinomas by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique, using anti human keratin rabbit serum on frozen sections. In BPH, strongly positive staining for keratin was detected in the cytoplasm of basal cells. Glandular epithelial cells were positive. In the cancer sections, no KPC was observed in all 6 cases of the large acinar type, all 10 cases of the small acinar type and all 12 cases of the column and cord type. On the other hand, KPC remained around the cancer cell populations in all 10 cases of the cribriform type. In the fused gland type, KPC was localized in 3 of 9 cases and in the medullary type 3 of 7 cases. If KPC was regarded as the marker of the basal cell as shown in BPH, it would be speculated that the absence of KPC occurred in some type of prostatic cancer showed the disappearance of basal cell. That is, KPC could not be detected in large acinar, small acinar and column and cord type, while KPC remained completely or partially in the cribriform, fused gland and medullary type. These histochemical alteration would suggest the different degree of malignancy in the various histological type of prostatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of second-look operations in colorectal cancer].

Second look operations in colorectal cancer after curative resection were undertaken for liver metastasis or local recurrence. In our 247 curative cases, 35 were operated for liver metastasis and 18 for local recurrence. In 35 cases of liver metastasis, 25 had local disease amenable to resection and one had palliative resection. Among 21 pelvic recurrences, 11 had curative re-resection and 2 had palliative resection. The survivors generally experienced relief from various clinical distress, and most of those previously employed could return to work. The actual 3-year survival rate is 51.9% in the group of resected liver metastasis, and 9 of 13 cases resected for local recurrence are alive without evidence of re-recurrence. In conclusion, selected patients with recurrence may recover and resume ordinary living with the second look operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Postoperative changes in amount of granulocyte-elastase, alpha 1-antitrypsin and other acute phase reactants in blood in obstetrical and gynecological patients].

Postoperative changes in acute phase reactants (APR) upon administration of latamoxef (LMOX) were studied in 43 patients who underwent laparotomy (total hysterectomy, cesarean section or resection of ovarian tumor). The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Postoperative changes in APR, i.e., amount of granulocyte-elastase, alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin and CRP, in the maternal blood were determined. These 5 markers increased and tended to decrease at 7 days and 14 days after surgery, respectively, in the total hysterectomy group. The vital defense response to surgical invasion and the reaction occurring during the process of recovery show that changes in level of granulocyte-elastase, alpha 1-AT and CRP immediately reflect the resulting inflammatory reaction. The changes in elastase and alpha 1-AT levels upon cesarean section showed a similar tendency, but levels of these markers were high as a whole during pregnancy and postpartum. 2. There were no postoperative complications or subjective or objective side effects of the LMOX treatment in any of the studied patients, suggesting that LMOX is useful for the prevention of postoperative infection.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1989

[Isoflurane anesthesia for a child with myotonic dystrophy].

A 5 year-old boy with myotonic dystrophy was anesthetized with isoflurane for bilateral orchiopexy. Intubation was easily done without muscle relaxants, following slow induction using isoflurane, nitrous oxide and oxygen. Myotonia was not observed perioperatively and postoperative course was uneventful. It is concluded that isoflurane is an anesthetic of choice for a patient with myotonic dystrophy.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

[CD33-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia with breast tumor and cavernous sinus tumor].

A 38-year-old woman was diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (L2) in Oct. 1985. After VP and AdVEMP therapy, complete remission was obtained. In Oct. 1987, she noticed bilateral breast tumors and leukemic cell infiltrations were shown in a biopsy specimen of the breast tumor. Bone marrow was occupied with 94 percent blasts. The second complete remission was achieved by the AdVP therapy. In Nov. 1988, she developed double vision and photophobia. The examinations of CT and MRI showed cavernous sinus tumor, and 20 percent blasts were recognized in a bone marrow aspirate. The leukemic cells were negative for peroxidase, but were positive for both lymphoid and myeloid cell surface markers (CD2, CD5, CD7, CD33). The two color flowcytometry showed that CD5 and CD33 were simultaneously expressed on the leukemic cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Choledochal cysts. Oligoganglionosis in the narrow portion of the choledochus.

To investigate whether cystic dilation may be due to a reduction of postcholinergic cell bodies that leads to autonomic dysfunction, ganglion cell bodies were counted in five patients with choledochal cysts and five patients with normal choledochus. In the normal choledochus, the ganglion cell counts in the proximal and distal portions were 374.7 +/- 82.7/cm2 and 349.2 +/- 51.2/cm2, respectively. In cases of choledochal cysts, the ganglion cell counts in the dilated portion and narrow portions were 298.6 +/- 86.9/cm2 and 81.0 +/- 34.8/cm2, respectively. The cell ratio (narrow to dilated) was 0.271. Significant reductions of cell numbers were observed in all the choledochal cysts having various types of pancreatobiliary junctions. These findings indicate that the reduction in the number of ganglion cells in the narrow portion of the choledochal cysts supports the concept of oligoganglionosis in distal choledochus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Clinico-pathological study on recurrent gastric cancer after curative resection].

Among 675 patients who had undergone curative resection of gastric cancer during last 13 years, 113 died of cancer recurrence. One hundred and forty-five patients who had survived longer than 5 years were used as controls. In the recurrence group, the primary lesion was larger and the lymph node metastasis more common as compared with the surviving controls. Moreover, these lesions were often located at the upper third of the stomach and exhibited Borrmann 3 or 4 type. Prognostic serosal invasion was positive in 75 per cent of the recurrence group and negative in 84 per cent of the surviving controls. The most frequent mode of recurrence was hematogenous metastasis in negative prognostic serosal invasion (54%) and peritoneal disseminated metastasis in positive prognostic serosal invasion (52%). There were no differences in the distribution of gross and histological types of cancer in the modes of recurrence. It was found that peritoneal dissemination and/or local recurrence dominated as the mode of recurrence (51%), followed by hematogenous metastasis (34%), but that lymph node recurrence was uncommon (15%). In peritoneal disseminated cases, long-term survival following reoperation should not be expected. It was suggested that in order to improve the prognosis in the case of hematogenous metastasis, postoperative immunochemotherapy should be applied.

Adenocarcinoma↗