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Biomedical subjects

N R Miller

Publications and source records attributed to N R Miller.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Bilateral Duane's retraction syndrome. A clinical-pathologic case report.

Duane's retraction syndrome (DRS) is a congenital eye movement disorder characterized by abduction deficiency, adduction limitation, globe retraction, and palpebral fissure narrowing on attempted adduction. Although data from surgical and autopsy studies suggest a neurogenic cause for this disorder, only one well-documented case of DRS has been studied pathologically, and that report was incomplete. We describe the intracranial and orbital pathology of a clinically documented case of bilateral DRS. Both abducens nuclei and nerves were absent from the brainstem, and the lateral rectus muscles were partially innervated by branches from the oculomotor nerves. This report presents evidence that a cranial nerve anomaly may cause DRS. The reason for this neurogenic abnormality is briefly discussed.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1980

Central retinal vein occlusion in Reye's syndrome.

A male infant with a fatal case of Reye's syndrome had numerous intraretinal hemorrhages and hemorrhagic schisis blebs under the internal limiting membrane (ILM). Histopathologic examination showed bilateral central retinal vein thrombosis with recanalization and confirmed the presence of intraretinal hemorrhages and the sub-ILM schisis cavities. Ghost erythrocytes were demonstrated in the cavities by electron microscopy. Central retinal vein occlusion, to our knowledge, is a previously unreported complication of Reye's syndrome. Four other pairs of autopsy eyes from the Wilmer Eye Pathology Laboratory files of patients with Reye's syndrome were examined. These are compared with previously reported ophthalmic findings in the context of a general review of Reye's syndrome.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Clinical evaluation of nerve fiber layer atrophy as an indicator of glaucomatous optic nerve damage.

To evaluate the usefulness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) appearance in the estimation of glaucomatous optic nerve damage, we examined 335 eyes of normal, glaucoma suspect, of glaucomatous patients. In eyes with field loss, 84% had NFL atrophy. In normal eyes, NFL atrophy was suspected in 3%. In glaucoma suspects, 13% of eyes had NFL defects. Defects in glaucoma suspect eyes were more often localized, compared with the diffuse atrophy found in eyes with visual field loss. The NFL abnormalities were seen in areas of the retina corresponding to the location of visual field defects with a high accuracy. The NFL examination is as sensitive in detecting eyes with field loss as the optic disc configuration and may help to identify which eyes are suffering optic nerve damage prior to field loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Medulloblastoma causing a corticosteroid-responsive optic neuropathy.

A 25-year-old man had signs of optic nerve dysfunction. A diagnosis of optic neuritis was made and was supported by rapid resolution of signs and symptoms with use of corticosteroids. After initial negative radiologic investigations, his corticosteroid dosage was tapered, and the recurrence of his symptoms and signs prompted repeat computed tomographic scans. A suprasellar mass and a posterior-fossa mass were observed, and frontal craniotomy disclosed typical medulloblastoma, confirmed histologically. Although visual signs and symptoms in medulloblastoma have been reported secondary to optochiasmatic arachnoiditis and to papilledema, to the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case in which direct compression of the optic nerve has occurred as a result of extension of a posterior-fossa medulloblastoma. The favorable response of this compressive tumor to corticosteroids, stimulating an inflammatory optic neuritis, emphasizes the importance of reassessing any optic neuritis that follows an atypical course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

An evaluation of currently available, noninvasive tests of carotid artery disease.

A clinical study compared compression ophthalmodynamometry, suction ophthalmodynamometry, oculoplethysmography, modified oculopneumoplethysmography, and Doppler flow studies with graded arteriography for the detection of carotid artery stenosis. Compression ophthalmodynamometry and suction ophthalmodynamometry were the most accurate tests in this series with the results of both types of ophthalmodynanometry almost identical. A new, noninvasive procedure, oculocerebrovasculometry, was also performed in a slightly different group of patients. This procedure has theoretic advantages over the others tested because it measures directly the intraocular pressure as the end point of the test.

Carotid Arteries↗
PubMed1980

Isolation of a virus closely related to gibbon ape leukaemia virus from cells infected with virus (HL-23V) released by human leukaemic cells.

Canine thymus cells infected with virus (HL-23V) produced by human acute myelogenous leukaemia cells in culture were shown in previous reports to produce transforming and non-transforming type C virus similar or identical to the simian sarcoma virus complex SSV(SSAV) and to induce tumours in marmoset monkeys (Bergholz et al. 1977a). In these earlier studies the appearance of breakthrough foci at low dilutions of antiserum in neutralization tests with high-titred anti-SSV(SSAV) serum suggested the presence of another virus, distinct from SSV-(SSAV). We now report the isolation of this component and, by comparative neutralization analysis, demonstrate that it is most closely related to gibbon ape leukaemia virus (GALV). It is distinguished from SSV(SSAV) by kinetics of neutralization and molecular hybridization experiments. This component was readily cloned both from virus produced by HL-23V chronically-infected canine thymus cells established by Teich et al. (1975) when HL-23V was first isolated and from virus produced by HL-23V-induced marmoset tumour cells in culture. The presence of this component in the original leukaemic cell cultures is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A technique for kinematic modeling of anatomical joints.

This paper describes a general technique for fitting a spatial kinematic model to an in-vivo anatomical joint under typical physiological loading conditions. The method employs a nonlinear least squares algorithm to minimize the aggregate deviation between postulated model motion and experimentally measured anatomical joint motion over multiple joint positions. Estimation of the parameters of a universal joint with skew-oblique revolutes to best reproduce wrist motion was used as an example. Experimental motion data from the right wrists of five subjects were analyzed. The technique performed very well and produced repeatable results consistent with previous biomechanical wrist findings.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1980

Failure of penicillin G benzathine in the treatment of neurosyphilis.

Although penicillin remains highly effective in syphilis, important questions exist regarding the optimal regimen for syphilitic involvement of the nervous system. Progression of neurosyphilis despite 7.2 million units of penicillin G benzathine occurred in the case reported here, with subsequent resolution following high-dose intravenous aqueous penicillin therapy. This and other recent reports support the conclusion that neurosyphilis should be treated with higher amounts of penicillin than is provided by the benzathine regimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Detection of virus-specific RNA in simian sarcoma-leukemia virus-infected cells in in situ hybridization to viral complementary DNA.

An in situ molecular hybridization system which will detect retrovirus RNA in the cytoplasm of individual virus-infected cells has been developed. The technique was applied to cells infected with simian sarcoma-leukemia virus, where the virus-specific RNA was detected by hybridization to simian sarcoma-leukemia virus 3H-labeled complementary DNA. The system is useful for detecting viral RNA-containing cells in the presence of an excess of virus-negative cells and for determining which type of cell in a heterogenous population is expressing viral RNA.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1979

Sphenoidal pneumosinus dilatans with bilateral optic nerve meningiomas. Case report.

The authors report a case of bilateral progressive visual loss in a patient with a radiological diagnosis of sphenoidal pneumosinus dilatans. At craniotomy, bilaterally symmetrical meningiomas of the optic nerve sheaths were found at the intracranial optic foramina. Reported cases of sphenoidal pneumosinus dilatans as well as bilateral meningiomas of the optic nerve sheaths are reviewed. The possible mechanisms of visual loss in pneumosinus dilatans and the management of nerve sheath and planum sphenoidale meningiomas are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Carotid artery disease and glaucoma.

Five patients with evidence of severe bilateral carotid artery disease and increased intraocular pressure have been followed up for 3 to 12 years without the development of glaucomatous disc or field changes. Although it is frequently stated that glaucoma patients with low systemic or ophthalmic artery blood pressures show rapid progression of their eye disease, our patients show that this is not necessarily true. Other more important and largely unknown susceptibility factors determine the occurrence of glaucoma in patients with raised intraocular pressure.

Carotid Artery Diseases↗
PubMed1978

Monochromatic (red-free) photography and ophthalmoscopy of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer.

The appearance of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (PRNFL) is crucial in the evaluation of patients with presumed optic neuropathies as well as in the differentiation of true optic disc edema from pseudopapilledema. Monochromatic (red-free) photography performed at 2 + magnification with a Zeiss fundus camera, a filter with maximum transmission at 540 nm, and Kodak Plus-X black-and-white film provides excellent PRNFL detail. Since direct ophthalmoscopy depends upon maximum illumination, which in turn depends upon increased color temperature of the light source, use of a direct ophthalmoscope with a gas-surrounded tungsten filament light source driven at 4.5 V raises color temperature sufficiently to allow practical use of monochromatic, red-free filters for optimum PRNFL evaluation.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1978

Enlarging optic chiasmal glioma with stable visual acuity.

A 13 1/2-year-old girl with stable, reduced visual acuity, nystagmus and Small, pale optic discs initially noted at age nine months, developed signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. At craniotomy, an intrinsic glioma of the optic chiasm and both optic nerves extended into both frontal lobes, the hypothalamus and the third ventricle.

Adolescent↗