Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

N Nishida

Publications and source records attributed to N Nishida.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Serum and urinary carnitine and organic acids in Reye syndrome and Reye-like syndrome.

Free and acyl-carnitine in serum and urine, and urinary organic acids were measured in 6 patients with Reye syndrome and Reye-like syndrome. The free and total carnitine concentrations were significantly reduced in serum during the acute phases of the diseases. Thus, the ratio of acylcarnitine to free carnitine was significantly increased. Urinary excretion of acylcarnitine was greatly increased, and the acylcarnitine to total carnitine ratio was therefore greater than in controls. The urinary organic acids comprised large amounts of lactic acid, dicarboxylic acids and ketone bodies. It is suggested that carnitine deficiency is induced as more carnitine is consumed to buffer the increased amount of toxic acyl-CoA compounds metabolized from free fatty acids and the many organic acids. These results indicate that administration of L-carnitine should generally be considered in patients with Reye syndrome and Reye-like syndrome.

Acids↗
PubMed1985

Computed tomography in young children with herpes simplex virus encephalitis.

Computed tomographic (CT) scans were obtained from eight infants and young children with herpes simplex virus encephalitis. In two cases the initial scan showed diffuse edematous changes as a mass effect without laterality. Unilateral localized low attenuation in the initial scan was evident 4 days after the onset in one patient, and high attenuation in the initial scan appeared on the 6th day in another patient, but in general, it was not possible to establish an early diagnosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis from CT scan. In the longitudinal study the calcification with ventriculomegaly appeared in 3 of 5 survivors, and gyriform calcification in 2 of 3 patients, respectively. The appearance of multicystic encephalomalacia was evident in one patient 6 months after the onset of neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis. It is shown that the CT findings of neonates and young children with herpes simplex encephalitis are different from those of older children and adults, and the importance of longitudinal CT studies was stressed in clarifying the pathophysiology of the central nervous system involvement in survivors.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1984

Depolarization-elicited accumulation of cyclic AMP in slices of rat cerebral cortex with a chronic epileptic focus.

Ferrous chloride solution was injected unilaterally into the sensorimotor cortex of rats to induce a chronic epileptic focus. Accumulation of cyclic AMP elicited by depolarizing agents was determined in slices from different cortical areas of rats 30-60 days after the injection. In anterior cortical areas which include the sensorimotor cortex, the cyclic AMP accumulation elicited by ouabain or a high concentration of potassium ion was greater in electrographic spike activity on the dominant side than on the other. In posterior cortical areas, no difference in cyclic AMP accumulation was detected. The regional difference in the depolarization-elicited accumulation of cyclic AMP is discussed with regard to the process of epileptic focus.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Non-invasive estimates of hemodynamics in normal pregnancy].

Pregnancy provides excellent opportunities for observing the hemodynamic alterations in cardiac function occurring during the physiologic stress imposed on the normal myocardium. Hemodynamically, the most important change in the maternal circulation during pregnancy is an increase in the circulating blood volume and cardiac output. In the average woman, the cardiac output at rest rises 30-50% above the normal non-gestational resting value. Echocardiography was performed for 25 normal pregnant women, ranging in age from 21 to 36 years (mean age of 28.7 years). Echocardiography was performed periodically through out pregnancy, at the gestational ages of the 10th, 24th, 32nd, 36th, and the 3rd postpartal weeks. Tracings were obtained in the left lateral and supine positions. All pregnancies were uncomplicated, and there was no twin pregnancy. The heart rate increased throughout gestation. However, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures did not change significantly throughout pregnancy. End-diastolic left ventricular dimension (LVDd) increased throughout gestation, with the peak at the 36th week of gestation. Left atrial dimension (LAD) and mVCF increased at the 36th week of gestation. Throughout gestation, the ejection fraction (EF) showed no significant change. There were no measurable differences in the cardiac size and function in the left lateral and supine positions. Increased LVDd and LAD throughout gestation were thought the reflexion of the increased blood volume and venous return which had its peak in the 36th week of gestation. The slightly larger cardiac size and end-diastolic volume seemed to induce the increased myocardial fiber stretch and, in turn, the increased mVCF. Our results indicated that chronic volume overload with increased circulating blood volume occurs in normal pregnancy, resulting in the large cardiac size and increased contractility of myocardial fiber.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Reye-like syndrome associated with valproic acid.

A case of a Reye-like syndrome during the course of treatment with VPA was reported. Hyperammonemia and severe liver damage as well as diffuse small droplets in the liver biopsy material were demonstrated. On analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of the urine immediately after the onset, the metabolites of VPA were detected together with lactate and other substances, and electron microscopic observation of liver biopsy material revealed deformation of mitochondria, disappearance of cristae and electron dense deposits in the matrix.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Dual effects of glutamate on cyclic AMP levels in slices of rat cerebral cortex with an iron-induced epileptic focus.

An epileptic focus not resulting in generalized convulsions was induced by a microinjection of ferric chloride solution into the left anterior cortex of rats. The formation of the epileptic focus was confirmed by the appearance of bilateral spike and slow wave complexes as well as focal isolated spikes in electrocorticograms (ECoGs). The effect of glutamate on cyclic AMP accumulation was examined in incubated slices prepared from four quadrants of the epileptic cortex. In animals showing isolated spikes 8 to 10 days after the microinjection, the effect of glutamate on cyclic AMP accumulation was stimulatory. It was greatest in the left anterior quadrant which included the injection site, but only slight in the left and right posterior quadrants. In animals showing spike and slow wave complexes 30 to 60 days after the microinjection, the stimulatory effect of glutamate was also most pronounced in the left anterior quadrant. In the right anterior and the left posterior quadrants glutamate had almost no effect, while in the right posterior quadrant, glutamate was inhibitory.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Elicitation of cyclic AMP accumulation by norepinephrine in the iron-induced epileptogenic cerebral cortex of rats.

A microinjection of ferric chloride solution into the left frontal cortex of rats induced epileptic discharges which were recorded by electrocorticography. In animals having such electrographic seizure activity 30 to 60 days after the injection, the accumulation of cyclic AMP elicited by norepinephrine was examined in slices from four cortical regions. The accumulation was significantly greater in the left anterior area, into which region the ferric chloride solution was injected, than in the right anterior area. There was also a tendency for greater norepinephrine-elicited accumulation of cyclic AMP to occur in the left posterior area than in the right posterior area.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Deviation of somatosensory evoked potential and lateral dominance of spike activity in iron-induced epileptic cortex of the rat.

A chronic epileptic focus was induced by a microinjection of ferric chloride solution into the sensorimotor cortex of rats. Two types of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded from the cortex near the injection site. In animals showing an initial positive-negative biphasic SEP, spikes appeared in electrocorticograms (ECoGs) more frequently on the side ipsilateral to the injection site than on the contralateral side, whereas in animals showing an initial negative monophasic SEP, spikes appeared more frequently on the contralateral side.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[In vivo effects of cefoperazone in local infection].

The in vivo antibacterial activity and the penetration into inflammatory tissues of cefoperazone (CPZ) were compared with those of cefotiam (CTM) in local infection systems using mouse subcutaneous abscess and rat granuloma pouch. The serum levels of CPZ in subcutaneous abscess in mice caused by Staphylococcus aureus F-230 (penicillinase producing strain) were lower than that of CTM, but there was no significance between the therapeutic effects of both drugs. The same results were obtained using Staphylococcus aureus F-196 (penicillinase non-producing strain). When infected with Enterobacter cloacae H-27 (cephalosporinase producing strain) in rat granuloma pouch, the exudate levels of CTM were lower than those of CPZ. Judging from these results, it was suggested that CPZ was a useful antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial-inflammatory tissues.

Abscess↗
PubMed1982

[Effects of aromatic nitro and amino compounds on the osmotic fragility of red cells].

Using the Coil Planet Centrifuge system, effects of single and repeated subcutaneous injections of p-nitrochlorobenzene [PNCB], aniline [AN] and phenylhydrazine [PH] on the osmotic fragility of red cell membrane in rabbits were studied. Methemoglobin [MHb] levels and appearance of Heinz bodies were also determined. In the single injection experiment, the osmotic fragility was increased immediately after the subcutaneous injections of PNCB [50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg], AN [50 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg] and PH [25 mg/kg and 45 mg/kg]. The increased MHb levels were observed first, and secondly the maximum changes of the osmotic fragility and appearance of Heinz bodies were observed nearly simultaneouly after the injections of these three compounds. In the repeated injection experiment, hemolysis starting point was shifted toward higher osmotic pressure immediately after the injections of PNCB [5 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/kg/day], AN [20 mg/kg/day and 30 mg/kg/day] and PH [1 mg/kg/day and 3 mg/kg/day], while it was shifted toward lower osmotic pressure after the last doses of PNCB and PH. Hemolysis ending point was shifted toward higher osmotic pressure after the injections of PNCB [10 mg/kg/day] and AN, while it was shifted toward lower osmotic pressure after the injections of PNCB [5 mg/kg/day] and PH. The injection of PNCB induced continuously the increased MHb levels and appearance of Heinz bodies. The injection of PH induced the continuous appearance of Heinz bodies and the transiently increased MHb levels. Although the injection of AN induced the transiently increased MHb levels, there were no appearance of Heinz bodies. These findings show that the early and continuous changes in red cell membrane induced by these three compounds were able to be detected by the use of the Coil Planet Centrifuge system. The changes in red cell membrane induced by single and repeated injections of PH were able to be detected even when the increased MHb levels were not detected. Furthermore, the changes induced by the repeated injection of AN were able to be detected even when the increased MHb levels and the appearance of Heinz bodies were not detected. Thus, it seems likely that the Coil Planet Centrifuge method is useful to examine workers exposed to aromatic nitro and amino compounds.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1981

[Influence of cefotiam (SCE-963, CTM) on bowel flora (author's transl)].

The influence on bowel flora of CTM was studied in 5 children who were taking normal diet. 1) In the cases following no diarrhea, administration of CTM caused no significant changes in bowel flora. In the cases following diarrhea, administration of CTM caused a fall in coliform, BEP group, Lactobacillus and Peptostreptococcus. However, after the administration was discontinued, the reduced bowel flora was returned to the normal range within a few days. 2) No overgrowth of bowel flora by Pseudomonas, Clostridium difficile or Candida was observed. 3) One strain of nontoxigenic Clostridium difficile was observed in the case of following no diarrhea. 4) As for the side effects, diarrhea was observed in 2 cases. BEP group: Nonspore making anaerobic Gram positive rods of Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Propionibacterium.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[The absorption, excretion and influence on bowel flora of oral paromomycin sulfate (author's transl)].

The absorption, excretion and influence on bowel flora of oral paromomycin sulfate (aminosidine, PRM) were studied in ten normal volunteers taking a normal diet, and the following results were obtained. 1. Serum levels of PRM were observed 0.46 micrograms/ml at a half hour, 1.14 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 1.48 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 0.70 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, 0.29 micrograms at 6 hours and were almost faded out at 12 hours after 4 grams of oral administration. 2. During 0 approximately 2 hours, 2 approximately 4 hours, 4 approximately 6 hours and 6 approximately 12 hours, the mean urine concentration of PRM were observed 56.4 micrograms/ml, 56.2 micrograms/ml, 37.1 micrograms/ml and 13.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, and the total excretion in the urine by 12 hours were observed 21.14 mg (0.53%). 3. Oral administration of PRM caused fall in Lactobacillus, non spore-forming anaerobic Gram positive bacilli (BEP group) and Peptostreptococcus (P less than 0.001), Bacteroides (P less than 0.01). However, after administration was discontinued, reduced bowel flora was returned to the normal range within a few days. No overgrowth of bowel flora by coliform, Clostridium or yeast was observed. Klebsiella oxytoca and toxigenic Clostridium difficile were not observed overgrowth. 4. No side effect was observed clinically over 2 months.

Administration, Oral↗