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Biomedical subjects

N Nakano

Publications and source records attributed to N Nakano.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Comparative double-blind trial of KN-7 tablet and Robaveron injection in the treatment of neurogenic bladder].

The clinical effectiveness, safety and usefulness of KN-7 tablet as a new oral application of the prostatic extract, on urinary dysfunction of neurogenic bladder were compared with those of Robaveron injection by the double-blind test method. In the study, 2 tablets t.i.d. and a shot of intramuscular injection 1 ml a day were given successively for 3 weeks. A total of 233 cases were reported from 37 facilities belonging to the KN-7 Clinical Research Group. Some of them were excluded or dropped out. The number of cases used for analysing the effectiveness, safety and usefulness were 214, 232 and 215, respectively. There was no bias between the two groups with a significant homogeneity in the background. In the overall clinical effectiveness, the effective rate including excellent, moderate and slightly effective was 76.9% with KN-7 and 77.4% with Robaveron. In the clinical usefulness, the rate of usefulness of slightly useful or above was 75.0% with KN-7 and 75.7% with Robaveron. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the clinical effective and useful rates at a significant level of 5%. Side effects were observed in 1 of the 114 (0.9%) patients given KN-7 and 8 of the 118 (6.8%) patients given Robaveron. The incidence of adverse reactions with KN-7 was significantly lower than that with Robaveron. Based on the results, it was concluded that KN-7 tablets, 2 tablets t.i.d., would be as effective and useful as a Robaveron injection 1 ml daily and safer than the latter in the treatment of neurogenic bladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Chemotherapy of gastric and rectal cancers incorporating non-radical irradiation during remission induction. 1].

For the remission induction therapy of advanced gastric and rectal cancer, 25 cases were treated by non-radical irradiation (total doses: 3000-6000 rad) combined with tegafur, which minimized the tumor mass. For the reduction of tumor mass, a modified method of FAMT was employed and for the maintenance therapy of long-term chemotherapy a modified method of FAMT, MFE, MF or tegarfur alone were performed. Prolongation in survival was obtained with this combination therapy: Of 25 cases, 11 cases survived longer than one year and 6 cases longer then two years. One case of survived rectal cancer obtained disease-free for about 8 years with this treatment. But the observation period was too short to calculate one-year and two-year survival rates of all cases. The indications for application of this combination therapy were as follows; (1) Locally operable cases with myocardial infarct, heart insufficiency, poor risk or refusal of operation, (2) Very aged patients, (3) Locally inoperable cases without clinical metastasis, and (4) Primary lesion of gastric cancer with small metastasis controllable by tegafur. It was concluded that over 3000 rad of irradiation combined with tegafur was necessary to obtain the sufficient radiation effect. As for side effects, loss of appetite , leukopenia and a few case of gastric bleeding by radiation were noted. From the result this treatment modality appears to be valuable in the management of gastric and rectal cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1983

Interactions of aflatoxin B1 and blood components of various species in vitro: interconversion of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxicol in the blood.

The fate of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the blood of various species of animals was studied in vitro. Examination of the distribution of radioactivity in blood incubated with [14C]AFB1 at 37 degrees C showed that high levels of radioactivity were associated with blood cells. The radioactivity was readily removed from the blood cells by washing with fresh plasma, indicating loose binding of AFB1 to blood cells. Most of the radioactivity in plasma was bound to protein. These results suggest that a large part of the AFB1 in blood in vivo may be carried not only by the plasma proteins but also by the blood cells. When chloroform extracts of plasma of [14C]AFB1-treated mouse, rat, duckling, and hamster blood were developed by thin-layer chromatography, high levels of radioactivity were found in both the AFB1 region and the aflatoxicol (AFL) region. Incubation of blood with nonradioactive AFB1 and AFL showed marked interconversion of AFB1 and AFL in the blood of rats, hamsters, mice, and Mongolian gerbils, but not in the blood of guinea pigs, rhesus monkeys, squirrel monkeys, or humans. Interconversion occurred in red blood cell suspensions but not in plasma, indicating that the red blood cells are responsible for AFB1-AFL interconversion in the blood.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed1983

Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide release by macrophages from mice treated with Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton: inhibition of macrophage cytotoxicity by a protease inhibitor but not by superoxide dismutase and catalase.

Peritoneal macrophages obtained from male BALB/c mice intraperitoneally injected with Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (N-CWS) showed abundant superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide release in response to opsonized zymosan used as a trigger. These N-CWS-induced macrophages also showed marked cytolytic activity against syngeneic Meth A fibrosarcoma targets. To examine the possible role of superoxide anion and/or hydrogen peroxide in the lysis of Meth A cells, N-CWS-induced macrophages were assayed with Meth A targets in the presence of superoxide dismutase, catalase, or both. However, addition of these agents to the assays, in doses which abolished detectable superoxide anion and/or hydrogen peroxide release from the effector cells, had no inhibitory effects on the cytotoxicity of N-CWS-induced macrophages. In contrast, both a protease inhibitor and actinomycin D could inhibit the cytolysis of Meth A targets by N-CWS-induced macrophages. These data raise the possibility that protease(s) rather than oxygen intermediates might be involved in the cytotoxicity of N-CWS-induced macrophages against tumor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical efficacy of cefotaxime in the field of internal medicine].

Fifty-eight patients were treated with cefotaxime (CTX, Claforan) intravenously. Almost all patients (54 patients) had underlying diseases that were 16 cases of diabetes mellitus, 10 cases of respiratory diseases, 8 cases of cerebral vascular disturbance, 6 cases of renal diseases and blood diseases, 5 cases of carcinoma and hypertension, 4 cases of cholelithiasis, 3 cases of heart diseases and 7 cases of other diseases. The clinical efficacy of CTX in 34 cases of RTI, 11 cases of UTI, 8 cases of BTI and 5 cases of other infection was excellent in 11 cases, good in 27 cases, fair in 12 cases, poor in 4 cases and unclear in 4 cases. The over all clinical effectiveness was 70.4%. No adverse reaction was observed except for 2 cases (general fatigue in 1 case and eruption and itching in another). These results obtained should support the usefulness of CTX.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Lower lumbar anterior discectomy without fusion: a several year follow-up indicating usefulness of this technique in surgery of the lower lumbar spine--a report of one hundred ten cases.

For the surgical treatment of lumbar disc lesions, the posterior approach has often been used. It is not always easy to get good results, because one has to go through the spinal canal with irritation of the dura and the nerve root and cause bleeding. If the correct diagnosis is made by myelography or other methods, it is more logical to remove the disc from the front without disturbing the spinal canal. Under this idea, anterior discectomy has been performed on 110 patients suffering from low back pain and sciatica. The excellent results were obtained in 90.9 per cent.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1983

Metabolic fate of [14C] quercetin in the ACI rat.

To explain why quercetin, a mutagenic flavonoid distributed widely in edible plants, showed no carcinogenicity in experimental animals, overall metabolic fate of the drug was pursued using radiolabeled compound. [4-(14)C]Quercetin was administered orally or intraperitoneally to male ACI rats and its distribution, metabolism and excretion were studied by autoradiography and/or quantitation of radioactivity, and chemical analysis. [14C]Quercetin was also administered intravenously, intraperitoneally or orally to bile duct-cannulated rats and radioactivities in CO2 expired, bile, urine and feces were measured. To elucidate chemical structure of radiolabeled flavonoids in the bile and urine, urinary flavonoids derived from the rats given non-labeled quercetin diet was analyzed chemically. When [14C]-quercetin was administered orally, around 20% of the administered [14C]quercetin was absorbed from the digestive tract, more than 30% was decomposed to yield 14CO2 and around 30% was excreted unchanged in the feces. The absorbed [14C]quercetin was rapidly excreted into the bile and urine within 48 hours as the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of [14C]quercetin, 3'-O-monomethyl [14C]quercetin and 4'-O-monomethyl [14C]quercetin. The present data indicate that the lack of carcinogenicity of quercetin in the rat is attributable to neither its poor absorption from the digestive tract nor its microbial degradation in the tract. Efficient metabolism and elimination of quercetin may be one reason of the lack of carcinogenicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Demonstration of W chromosome-specific repetitive DNA sequences in the domestic fowl, Gallus g. domesticus.

Evidence is presented to demonstrate the presence of W chromosome-specific repetitive DNA sequences in the female White Leghorn chicken, Gallus g. domesticus, based on two different experimental approaches. First, 3H-labelled, female chicken DNA was hybridized with excess, unlabelled, mercurated, male DNA, and unhybridized single-stranded 3H-DNA (3H-SHU-DNA) was recovered by SH-Sepharose and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. Approximately 24% of the hybridizable 3H-SHU-DNA was female-specific and localized on the W chromosome. The second approach was to examine female-specific DNA fragments among the digests of chicken DNA with various restriction endonucleases. Among them, we found that digestion with XhoI produced two prominent female-specific brands of 0.60 kb (= kilobase pairs) and 1.1 kb. The 0.60 kb fragment was isolated and 3H-labelled by nick-translation. Female-specificity of the 3H-XhoI--0.60 kb DNA was judged to be at least 95% under the conditions of hybridization with membrane filter-bound DNA. Presence of amplified XhoI--0.60 kb DNA on the W chromosome seems to be limited to different lines of G.g. domesticus and no such repeat was detected in three species belonging to other genera in the order Galliformes and in three species belonging to other avian orders.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A solvent effect on the mutagenicity of tryptophan-pyrolysate mutagens in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay.

The effect of adding organic solvents to the pre-incubation mixture in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay was examined in tests of the tryptophan-pyrolysate mutagens, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2). Acetonitrile enhanced the mutagenic activity of Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 by an order of magnitude under optimal conditions. Strong enhancement of mutagenicity was also observed for the addition of ethanol, methanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and N,N-dimethylformamide. The enhancing effect of acetonitrile on the mutagenicity of Trp-P-2 was found to be result of enrichment of the active metabolite in the assay system.

Acetonitriles↗
PubMed1982

Probable atherogenic role of zinc and copper as studied in chronic hemodialysis patients.

The relationship of lipoperoxidemia and HDL-cholesterolemia to circulating zinc and copper was investigated in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. When the serum zinc level was low and the copper level was high, or when the zinc, copper ratio was low, decreased concentrations of HDL-cholesterol were observed. In view of the high incidence of atherosclerosis among patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, zinc and copper may somehow contribute to atherogenesis by affecting the serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Cytological studies of esophageal carcinoma and gastric carcinoma receiving radiation and chemotherapy].

The cytology of the endoscopic biopsy materials from 85 cases of esophageal cancer were analyzed for effects of the combined radiotherapy with Bleomycin. Cancer cells were remarkably decreased in number after the combination therapy. Unaffected cancer cells declined to negligible levels in 64 of 79 esophageal cancer cases irradiated more than 6,000 rad. Out of 42 gastric cancer cases treated with only anticancer drugs, 37 cases exhibited hardly cytologic changes in the smears of biopsied materials. About the remnant 5 cases, cancer cells showed partially cytoplasmic swelling, nuclear enlargement and nuclear abnormal stain. The smears of the biopsy and resected specimens from 64 gastric cancer cases with radiation and chemotherapy were cytologically discussed. The combination therapy increased the amount of both necrotic materials and neutrophils in the smears. The cytoplasms of treated cancer cells were swollen, vacuolated and stained abnormally. The nuclei of cancer cells became enlarged, multiple, piknotic and/or stained pale. Nuclear swelling was more prominent in cancer cells of differentiated adenocarcinomas. Cancer cells were decreased in number almost in inverse proportion to irradiation dose. Unaffected cancer cells were disappeared in 13 of 24 cases irradiated more than 6,000 rad, in 7 of 35 cases irradiated in the range 3,000 to 6,000 rad, in none of 5 cases irradiated less than 3,000 rad.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

Effect of Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton on colony-stimulating activity and myeloid colony formation.

The in vivo effect of Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (N-CWS) was studies on the generation of bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells [colony-forming units culture (CFU-c)] and on the levels of myeloid colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in the conditioned medium of the lung (LCM) and serum obtained from mice. In vitro bone marrow culture showed that intraperitoneal (ip) treatment of mice with N-CWS markedly enhanced CFU-c formation induced by stimuli in LCM or serum derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice. The LCM and serum of mice injected with N-CWS ip were also prepared and assayed for CSA. CSA levels with N-CWS-LCM as well as LPS-LCM used as the standard CSA were markedly greater than those achieved with control LCM. N-CWS-serum also showed a low but significant level of CSA. The CSA level of N-CWS-LCM was maximal at 3 to 5 days after N-CWS injection. These results raise the possibility that enhanced CSA production might be a major mechanism for N-CWS stimulation of granulocyte-macrophage production.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Congenital factor X deficiency in Japan.

Congenital factor X deficiency is a very rare inherited coagulation abnormality. There have been reported 43 cases of this disorder in the world and only 2 cases in Japan. Recently, we have hemostatically and immunologically examined as many as 3 cases of this rare disease, 18-year-old male, 11-year-old male and 6-year-old female. Hemostatic examinations revealed prolonged prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time and decreased serum thromboplastic activity in these 3 cases. Stypven-cephalin clotting time was also abnormal. Factor X activities of our cases were low when assayed by either tissue thromboplastin and partial thromboplastin or by Stypven-cephalin mixture, which were 2.6, 1.5 and 4.5%, respectively. The half lives of infused factor X were 24, 38.6 and 56 hr, respectively, which are consistent with the data of other authors. Immunological assay of factor X (radioimmunoassay) showed 0.47 microgram/ml in the second case and 0.15 microgram/ml in the third case, from which our cases were considered to be classical factor X deficiency.

Adolescent↗