Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to N N Besednova.
The impact of a biologically active food supplement containing salmon milt DNA on cellular immunity was experimentally studied. It was shown that the DNA had a dose-dependent stimulating effect on lymphocyte transformation, stimulated the DTH response and protected from experimental listeriosis infection.
The impact of Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens KMM 156 lipopolysaccharide and its fragments on adhesion of prokaryote and eukaryote cells was studied. The lipopolysaccharide and O-specific polysaccharide identical by its structure to capsular polysaccharide lowered the number of the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis bacteria attached to sheep erythrocytes and adhesion of mouse neutrophils to plastic. The kora oligosaccharide had no effect on the processes.
The therapeutic effect of a Polar shark cartilage preparation which is an enzymatic hydrolysate was studied in a rabbit model of infective allergic pseudotuberculous arthritis. Characterization of the chemical composition of the preparation designed by an original method is presented. Improvement of the general state of the affected joints and development of tissue immunomorphological responses were shown.
Biological activity of low molecular DNA isolated from salmon milt was studied. When administered subcutaneously to mice with with acute experimental radiation disease in a course dose of 10 mg/kg, it showed a therapeutic effect, stimulated hemopoiesis, increased the survival rate and the average life span of the animals. Moreover, its marked effect on the humoral immunity was observed.
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In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharide from Fucus evanescens (brown algae of the Okhotsk Sea) was similar to that of heparin. Anticoagulant properties of fucoidan are determined by thrombin inhibition mediated via plasma antithrombin III.
Fucoidan--nontoxic sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from brown algae Fucus evanescens in Okhotskoe Sea. Chemical analysis of the compound was performed, it was shown that fucoidan is freely soluble in water and acid solutions. Immunotropic and anticoagulating properties of the compound were evaluated in comparison with heparin. It was demonstrated that fucoidan in wide range of doses stimulated phagocytic and bactericidic activity at leucocytes of mice peritoneal exudate. Heparin on the contrary demonstrated depressive effect on these functions at high dose. It was shown that fucoidan has dose-dependent anticoagulating activity in vitro and in vivo comparable with heparin activity. The results of investigation demonstrated possibility of fucoidan application as immunomodulating and anticoagulating agent of plant origin.
Immune system modulating activity of exoglycane isolated from culture media of Vibrio alginolyticus (strain 945-80) was investigated. The substance demonstrated stimulating activity on the humoral and cell immune system, potentiated phagocyte activity of macrophage and neutrophils, increased survival index of the animals infected by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Susceptibility to antibiotics of Ureaplasma urealyticum strains isolated in Primorye Region and its changes were evaluated. Among the sexually transmited diseases urogenital ureaplasmosis has the leading position in combination with gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and infections caused by opportunistic pathogens. The spectrum of investigated antibacterial agents included gentamycin, clarithromycin, roxythromycin, azithromycin, doxycycline, three fluoroquinolones of II generation and for cephalosporins of the I and III generations. The most potent activity against U. urealyticum was demonstrated for pefloxacin (67 per cent of susceptible strains), ofloxacin (63 per cent) and roxythmycin (54 per cent). It is concluded that at Primorye Region the drugs of first choice for the urogenital infections therapy are fluoroquinolones.
The possibility to use immunomodulators isolated from marine invertebrates for the lowering of the toxic effects caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis thermoresistant toxin and lipopolysaccharide was investigated. Effects were evaluated by the animals survival rate in per cent and mice average lifetime after toxin lethal dose injection. It was shown that polypeptide gangleen when compared to timalin as well as glycanes mitilane and strombus had dose-dependent protective effect. These substances increased animals survival rate to 15-17 per cent and prolonged life period for about two times when compared to control group. These results demonstrates the possibility to use investigated immunomodulators is clinical practice at the treatment of the patients with pseudotuberculosis.
The results of translam chemical structure and biological activity investigation are presented. Translam is a new original semisynthetic polysaccharide of marine origin. The preparation demonstrated potent treatment effect in experimental radiation disease. It had preventing effect at experimental bacterial infections, stimulated hematopoiesis, had effect on humoral and cell immunity and on factors of nonspecific organism resistance.
Immunomodulating activity of panaxanes--polysaccharides isolated from the roots and culture of Panax ginseng was studied. Effects of both preparations were analogous. Profilaxy use of panaxanes provided increased resistance to coli-sepsis in mice, increased neutrophiles and macrophages phagocytosis, stimulated humoral and cell immune factors and induced important regulating cytokins--interferone gamma and tumor necrosis factor.
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Immunomodulating activity of three marine bioglycanes of different structure was investigated. The following preparations were compared: mitilan--glycoprotein, containing 1,4-alpha-D-glucane, isolated from mussel Crenomytilus grayanus; translam--beta-1,3; 1,6-beta-D-glucane isolated from Laminaria cichorioides and zosterin--low-metoxylated pectine isolated from marine plant of genera Zosteraceae. It was shown that immune response modulating was due to delicate and complex interaction of immune competent cells with cytokins participation. All bioglycanes investigated when introduced into animals organism produced changes in immune system: spleen mass enlarged, lymphocytes subpopulation redistributed, nonspecific T-supressors activity enhanced, content of interferone in blood serum increased. It is considered that similarity of immune system reactions is due to polysaccharide component of investigated biopolymers and potency of the effect is determined by structural specificity and by stereochemistry of each bioglycane.
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The effect of fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin and norfloxacin on adhesion of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was studied. It was shown that the effect of the fluoroquinolones was different: decreasing or increasing. The same effect was also observed in the closely related strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis. In the strains not dominating in the polyclonal population the adhesion decreased under the effect of the fluoroquinolones. In the strains of the dominant clones the effect on the adhesion was not single valued.
Effect of translam--beta-1,3;1,6-D-glucan on some of naturally occurring host protective mechanisms was investigated. It was shown that translam has potent biological activity: it has preventive effect on experimental bacterial infections, it stimulates absorbtion and digestion activity of mononuclear phagocytes, it effects on humoral and cell immunity. Translam had mitogenic activity.