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Biomedical subjects

N Mygind

Publications and source records attributed to N Mygind.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Penicillin and acute otitis: short and long-term results.

The effect of peroral penicillin V (55 mg/kg/day) on acute otitis media was investigated in 149 children between the ages of one and ten years in a double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation. The parameters of the disease employed were symptom scores for earache, the use of analgetics, otoscopy, as well as tympanometry. The children were followed up for three months. Penicillin had a significant effect on pain on the second day of treatment. The acute course of the disease was satisfactory in 69% of the children in the placebo group and in 86% in the penicillin group. In patients with pneumococci or hemolytic streptococci in the rhinopharynx, the pain already disappeared after one to two doses of penicillin, whereas the treatment had no effect on the patients with Haemophilus influenzae. There was no difference between the penicillin and placebo groups with regard to the results of otoscopy and tympanometry after one week, one month and three months. No serious complications were observed. It is concluded that an attitude of "masterful inactivity" with regard to the treatment of acute otitis media is justifiable, and in the majority of cases advisable, provided sufficient analgesic treatment is given and also that the patient can be closely followed. As there are still many unanswered questions more controlled investigations are warranted.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Viral-induced rhinitis.

Upper respiratory viruses cause self-limited illness characterized by acute rhinitis. In rhinovirus colds the symptoms are thought to be caused by the host response rather than viral damage of the nasal epithelium. Rhinovirus triggers an inflammatory cascade, evidenced by the presence of inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-8) and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., kinins) in nasal secretions, which results in symptomatic illness. In contrast to rhinovirus and coronavirus, which do not cause discernible epithelial damage, influenza virus and adenovirus do damage the nasal epithelium. Appropriate antiviral therapy will depend on the causative virus. Treatment of rhinovirus colds may require an antiviral agent (e.g., interferon alpha) in combination with antiinflammatory medication.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nasal polyps treatment: medical management.

The objectives of medical management of nasal polyposis are 1) to eliminate nasal polyps and rhinitis symptoms, 2) to reestablish nasal breathing and olfaction, and 3) to prevent recurrence of nasal polyps. Although antibiotics are used for infectious complications of nasal polyposis, only glucocorticosteroids (steroids) have a proven effect on the symptoms and signs of nasal polyps. Topically applied steroids is the therapeutic modality that has been best studied in controlled trials. It reduces rhinitis symptoms, improves nasal breathing, reduces the size of polyps and the recurrence rate, but it has a negligible effect on the sense of smell and on any sinus pathology. Topical steroids can, as long-term therapy, be used alone in mild cases, or combined with systemic steroids/surgery in severe cases. Systemic steroids, which are less well studied, have an effect on all types of symptoms and pathology, including the sense of smell. This type of treatment, which can serve a "medical polypectomy," is only used for short-term improvement due to the risk of adverse effects. Individualized management of nasal polyposis may use long-term topical steroids, short-term systemic steroids, as well as surgery, in various combinations. Exactly how these therapies, which differ in their control of various symptoms, are optimally combined is not yet well established.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diurnal variation of nasal protein concentration.

In normal subjects a marked diurnal variation was disclosed in the concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA and albumin in nasal secretion, the night values being 4.5-5.5 times higher than those during the day. It is suggested that this is due to changing secretory activity of the nasal glands.

Albumins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new anti-allergic drug, ICI 74.917 aerosol.

Ten hay fever patients were challenged intranasally with allergen before, half an hour, 2 hours and 4 hours after intranasal use of disodium cromoglycate powder, placebo and ICI 74.917, a new serosoled compound with anti-allergic action. The new compound showed a maximum protective effect after half an hour, and a significant difference was found also after 2 hours, and a significant difference was found also after 2 hours. The effect was also significantly better than that of disodium cromoglycate powder. The results were positive enough to make further human studies of ICI 74.917 desirable.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term treatment of nasal polyps with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol. I. Treatment and rationale.

Beclomethasone dipropionate is a potent corticosteroid, which when applied by a pressurized metered dose aerosol in the airways has pronounced anti-allergic effects with no risk of systemic steroid side effects at the recommended dosage. An impressive effect in hay fever and perennial rhinitis has been demonstrated. A double-blind short-term trial showed that the drug was effective in about 80% of patients suffering from moderate to severe nasal polyposis. A study of the long-term effects on the nasal mucosa is indicated.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term treatment of nasal polyps with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol. II. Clinical results.

The effect of a one-year treatment with intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate in 33 patients with long-standing nasal polyps was determined. About 80% of the patients obtained good or excellent relief of symptoms. No adverse reactions of any importance occurred. It is suggested that intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate is close to the ideal basic treatment for patients with nasal polyps.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Long-term treatment of nasal polyps with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol. III. Morphological studies and conclusions].

Morphological studies during the treatment of patients with nasal polyps with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol for one year showed a trend towards a decrease in the number of eosinophils in nasal smears and falls in the increased concentrations of albumin, IgG and IgE in the nasal secretion. No change in the histological picture of the polypous tissue except increased density was observed. By scanning electron microscopy, no change in the surface structure of the nasal mucous membrane was noted. As morphological studies did not reveal any sign of adverse effects, beclomethasone dipropionate may be regarded as a valuable drug in the treatment of nasal polyps. The indications for its clinical use and supplementary therapy are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral norephedrine in the treatment of acute otitis media. Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

One hundred patients with acute otitis media were treated with oral norephedrine or with placebo for one to two weeks. Symptom cards, otoscopy and tympanometry were used for evaluation of the results. There were no differences between the two groups with regard to acute symptoms or healing of the disease. It is concluded that oral decongestants are of no value in the management of acute otitis media.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Two versus seven days penicillin treatment for acute otitis media. A placebo controlled trial in children.

103 children between 1 and 10 years of age participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial testing the effect of penicillin-V, 55 mg/kg/day, for two days versus seven days in acute otitis media. No significant differences could be demonstrated with regard to earache, healing of the tympanic membrane, tympanometry, fever or common cold symptoms. 76% in the group treated for seven days had a satisfactory course of the disease, compared to 71% in the group treated for two days (p greater than 0.1). In spite of the relatively small number of patients, it is concluded that the effect of penicillin for additional five days in acute otitis media after the initial treatment for two days, can at most be marginal. The advantages of a shortened treatment period are several; the authors have outlined a new treatment modality, consisting of masterful inactivity for 8-12 hours, penicillin-V for two days, and myringotomy in refractory cases, after a new evaluation by the otologist. We believe hereby to be able to reduce penicillin consumption in children with acute otitis media to about 15% of the previous level, without increasing the risk of serious complications.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary and secondary ciliary dyskinesia.

It has recently been shown that patients with Kartagener's triad and also some subjects with similar symptoms, but without situs inversus, have a congenital abnormality of cilia as an explanation for their chronic airway symptoms; this disease has been named "the immotile-cilia syndrome" or more correctly "primary ciliary dyskinesia". Studying 27 such patients, we have found daily nose blowings since birth, chronic-recurrent sinusitis, and chronic secretory otitis media highly characteristic features. The frequency of common colds was not increased, and most patients did not suffer from repeated episodes of acute purulent otitis media. The number of ciliated cells with immotile cilia was increased, but only a single patient had completely immotile cilia; also the degree of asynchrony within the single ciliated cell was increased. Electron microscopy showed a decreased number of dynein arms in some patients, and abnormal arrangement of microtubules in others. Some patients, however, had normal ultrastructure, and this appeared to be associated with a hyperfrequent beating pattern. At least three subgroups of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia can be delineated based on the motility-ultrastructure studies. Bacterial infection tends to reduce the number of ciliated cells with motile cilia, and viral infection (common cold) gives a very marked and long-lasting reduction in the number of ciliated cells. This may account for some otherwise unexplainable subchronic symptoms from nose and throat.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of bacteria in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx during naturally acquired common colds.

It was the purpose of this study to examine whether the number of bacteria in the nose and nasopharynx changes during a common cold. Samples for bacteriological culture were taken from the nasal cavity of 29 and from the nasopharynx of 26 adult patients with naturally acquired colds. The bacteriological samples were taken on days 2, 4, 8 16, 32 and 64 after the first nasal symptoms. The results showed that there were few pathogenic bacteria in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. There was no tendency to an increase in the number of positive cultures during the cold, although most patients had macroscopically purulent discharge on days 3-5. In conclusion, the study indicates that during an uncomplicated common cold, a bacterial infection is not responsible for the occurrence of purulent nasal discharge which may be a direct consequence of the viral infection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Light and scanning electron microscopy of nasal biopsy material from patients with naturally acquired common colds.

As our knowledge of the histopathology of common colds is very limited, we have undertaken a blind quantitative examination by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy of 56 nasal biopsies, taken from 29 volunteers with naturally acquired colds. In agreement with earlier reports we found evidence of sloughing of epithelial cells, but in contrast to in vitro experiments, this did not result in a destruction of the epithelial lining, which by and large remained continuous, with structurally normal cell borders. There was a significant increase in the number of neutrophils, both in epithelium and in lamina propria, already on the 2nd day of the disease, and the hypothesis is advanced that the virus infection itself is the cause of the local neutrophilia. The only other abnormality demonstrated was an increased number of extracellular erythrocytes in the acute stage. The histological picture was not suggestive of an involvement of epithelial mast cells in the inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison between different techniques for measuring nasal patency in a group of unselected patients.

Many techniques for measuring nasal patency have been developed in search for a reliable, easily performed and reproducible method. Rhinomanometry is easily performed in the clinic but daily records of nasal blocking cannot be obtained. In this study we examined the correlation between posterior rhinomanometry (PR), nasal peak flow (nPF), the ratio nasal patency index (NPI), and the opening interrupter method (Rtn) for measuring nasal patency. Twenty-eight subjects with no symptoms of rhinitis and 20 patients with diagnosed rhinitis were investigated. A significant (p less than 0.05) correlation was found between PR and nPF after stratification according to the diagnosis of rhinitis and between nPF, PR, and height. All other correlations tested proved non-significant. We conclude that PR is the method which ought to be used in the hospital, but nPF is an easy way to measure nasal patency and might even be used by the patient at home.

Adult↗