Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

N Moore

Publications and source records attributed to N Moore.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the determinants of flow-mediated radial artery vasodilatation in humans.

The relative importance of the early peak response during hyperaemia and of the duration of the hyperaemic phase (t1/2: blood flow velocity half time and AUCt1/2: area under the curve of flow velocity at t1/2) in the magnitude of the flow-dependent vasodilatation of the radial artery was determined in humans. Radial artery diameter was measured continuously in 18 healthy volunteers using an echo-tracking system coupled to a Doppler device for the measurement of the radial blood flow. In 9 subjects, arterial parameters were measured at baseline and during 3 hyperaemic tests performed after 2, 5 or 10 minutes of ischaemia. Reproducibility of the measured parameters was studied in 9 other subjects. Radial artery diameter, AUCt1/2 and t1/2 increased proportionally with the duration of ischaemia. In contrast, the peak flow response was already maximal after 5 minutes of ischaemia. The regression analysis showed that the best fit model after stepwise analysis only included t1/2 (r = 0.85, p < 0.001). There was no correlation between the peak flow values and the duration of hyperaemia (r = 0.29, p = 0.14). These results demonstrate that conduit arteries postischaemic flow-dependent vasodilatation in humans is both determined by the peak value and by the duration of the hyperaemic phase and suggest that these two components must be considered when comparing this index of NO release between different groups of subjects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Excess costs related to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug utilization in general practice.

Data concerning the reasons for consultation and the use of NSAIDs were collected in 4643 patients, seen by 126 GPs over 2 days' consultation. In all, 11.6 per cent took NSAIDs. They were older (49 vs. 46 years, p = 0.02), took more drugs (3 vs. 2.5, p < 0.01), and more had ADRs (8 vs 2 per cent) than non-users, even after correction for age, sex and number of drugs taken. Some 33 per cent of NSAID users also took adjuvant medication for the prevention of gastric injury (including with COX-2 inhibitors meloxicam, nimesulide). Estimated excess costs associated with NSAID use were high, related to excess consultations (GP or specialist, for ADRs, approx. 5-8 million Euros per year in France) and to use of preventive medication (100 million Euros per year at least).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A CEO roundtable on making mergers succeed.

The announcement in January of the merger between America Online and Time Warner marked the convergence of the two most important business trends of the last five years--the rise of the Internet and the resurgence of mergers and acquisitions. M&A activity is at a fever pitch, spurred in large part by the breathtaking influx of capital into the Internet space. And all signs indicate the trend will only accelerate. Against this background, an impressive group of experienced deal makers came together to share their experiences of what makes mergers work. They were assembled in Scottsdale, Arizona, under the auspices of the M&A Group, a professional society formed in 1999 for CEOs interested in M&A as a business strategy. Participants included top executives from Internet start-ups like Teligent; venture capital firms like Baroda Ventures; financial institutions like Merrill Lynch and PricewaterhouseCoopers; and major corporations like Allstate, Tyco International, SmithKline Beecham, Rohm and Haas, VF, Crown Cork & Seal, and Hughes Space and Communications. The spirited and surprisingly frank discussion cut a wide swath, considering issues such as whether most mergers fail to pan out as well as expected, how to increase the odds of success, the nuts and bolts of the integration process, the trade-offs between acquiring a company and growing from within, the importance of cultural issues, and why anyone would want to be on the board of a merged company.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Drug evaluation in France: comparison of two approaches].

Two independent expert groups assess new medicines in France: that of the journal Prescrire (P), and the official Transparency Commission (CT). Each uses its own 5-level scale to assess its contribution to therapeutics (P: (1) bravoi, (2) interesting, (3) adds something, (4) possibly useful, (5) nothing new; CT: (1) major, (2) important, (3) moderate, (4) modest, (5) none). We have compared the gradings for new drugs in P from 1993 to 1998 (except vaccines, generics and items for exclusive hospital use) to those of CT. Of 414 P gradings, 14 were without opinion, 54 were not found in CT (old or unexamined products), and 82 had been examined but not graded. The 264 graded pairs were 99 new substances (NS), 17 new combinations (NA), 50 new indications (NI), 56 new formulations (NF), 27 new dosages (ND), 10 new forms of packaging (NC), and 5 late gradings or reregardings (CR). For NS and NA, there were 21 discordances (2 degrees difference or more) between P and CT. When P is shifted one point to the left (better gradings), the number of discordances decreases to 2. NI, NF, ND, NC were less often graded by CT (respectively 63 per cent, 67 per cent, 54 per cent, 31 per cent of gradings). For NI, high CT grading results in 15 discordances (30 per cent). For NF, ND, NC the concordance is good (respectively 3, 1, 0 discordances). For CR, 13 of 18 products (72 per cent) are downgraded for P, and are discordant with the 5 initial CT grades. In 3 per cent of cases, P emits no opinion, CT gives a high grading in 2/3, never null (these are for severe diseases). In conclusion, the two groups of experts come to similar conclusions considering different objectives (use or not a new drug vs. give indications for reimbursement) and the time distortion. Discrepancies can also be explained thus, but some can result from differences in appreciation of the data.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Plasmatic dosage of antiretroviral drugs by high performance liquid chromathography ].

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of eight antiretroviral drugs (amprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, efavirenz and nevirapine) in a single run. After a liquid-liquid extraction with diethylether, the antiretroviral drugs are separated on a Stability RP18 column eluted with a gradient of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (50 mM pH 5.65). A sequential ultraviolet detection allowed for simultaneous quantitation of antiretroviral drugs (240, 215, 260 nm). Calibration curves were linear in the range 100-10,000 ng/ml. The limit of quantitation was 50 ng/ml for all drugs except for nevirapine (100 ng/ml). The accuracies ranged from 88.2% to 110.9% and both inter- and intra-day coefficients of variation were lower than 11%. The extraction recoveries were higher than 62%. This method is simple and shows good specificity with respect to commonly coprescribed drugs.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurologic side effects of fluoroquinolones. Apropos of 9 cases concerning pefloxacin].

Neurological side-effects were a limiting factor with older quinolones. Although they appear to be less frequent with the newer fluoroquinolones, we observed nine such cases at Amiens University Hospital over a four-year period. The patients were six women and three men, with a mean age of 61 years. They received a mean dose of 800 mg/day of pefloxacin. Four had septic shock, one left ventricular failure, and seven had signs of cholestasis (signs of liver failure were absent). Neurological manifestations occurred between 24 hours and seven days after starting treatment and disappeared within 24 to 48 hours of stopping the drug or reducing the dosage. They included myoclonia (3 cases), convulsions (2 cases, one with concomitant theophylline), delirium and agitation (2 cases, one in a patient on steroids) and confusion (3 cases). Plasma drug levels were determined in six patients and were above normal peak levels (10 micrograms/ml) in five. Pefloxacin was measured in the cerebrospinal fluid in two cases (8.7 and 15.0 micrograms/ml). Neurological manifestations during pefloxacin treatment are probably related to overdose (plasma levels were above normal in 5/6 cases), possibly being favoured by cholestasis (7/9 cases) and/or hemodynamic factors (5/9). Symptoms can resolve when the pefloxacin dosage is reduced.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Endothelin. A new class of vasoactive peptides].

Endothelin (ET) is a novel vasoactive peptide occurring in 3 isoforms (ET1, ET2, ET3) in humans. Derived from vascular endothelium cells, ET arises from a precursor peptide and exerts diverse actions through specific receptors. ET possess a wide spectrum of activities: a potent vasoconstrictor activity but also contraction of nonvascular smooth muscles (air-way, intestinal, urinary) or mitogenic actions, renal and endocrine effects. The physiological and/or physiopathological roles of endothelin is still unclear, but ET may play a part in the genesis of some vascular diseases as atherosclerosis, forms of hypertension or may be implicated in the pathogenesis of vasospasm.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Methotrexate. Pharmacology applied to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis].

Methotrexate (MTX) is used increasingly for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is an antagonist of folic acid. For the low doses used in RA (less than 15 mg/week), MTX is completely and rapidly absorbed with an active process membrane transport. The frequent toxic effects of this drug (hepatotoxicity, hematologic or possible long-term oncogenicity) limit its widespread use. MTX is as effective in treating RA as the other second line drugs and always more rapidly effective, perhaps because of anti-inflammatory properties. MTX must at the present time be used only in severe RA, refractory to more than one classical slow acting drug. Despite this, it is an extremely promising new agent in the therapy of rheumatic diseases.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of nicergoline on artificially induced micturition in the rabbit with and without prostatic hypertrophy].

An original experimental model of prostatism is proposed: Prostatic hypertrophy was induced in rabbit by testosterone 5 mg/kg-1. Three days later an increased number of micturitions, a correlate decrease in volume and an increased premictionnal vesical pressure were observed during a perfusion of the bladder in situ by NaCl 1 ml min-1. Phenoxybenzamine was not deeply studied because a lack of satisfaisant dose action-curve. I.V. administration of low doses of nicergoline (50 to 250 mcg/kg-1) reduced the consequences of the induced prostatic hypertrophy on the micturitions. These results are considered as a confirmation of a greater number of alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the bladder than in detrusor and allow us to confirm the use of nicergoline as a medical treatment of urinary retention in prostatic hypertrophy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Absence of the antihypertensive effect of chronic treatment with prazosin in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and their offspring].

Seven consanguine monogamous SHR couples (G 1) were treated from their 5th to their 39th week of age with prazosin, 100 micrograms/kg/day i.p. Male rats were treated without interruption. Treatment was withheld in female rats from delivery to weaning. They were compared to seven similar SHR couples who were only daily i.p. injected with the same volume of solvent. Second (G 2) generation rats (untreated were studied. In G 1 female rats only, prazosin induced a transient decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP), 6 hours after the injection, at 25 weeks of age. SBP, heart weight/body weight ratio and plasma renin activity remained unchanged at 39 weeks of age. Gestational parameters were not changed by the treatment, and no parameter was changed in G 2 rats. A previous study in the same conditions with another alpha 1-adrenoreceptor blocking agent, nicergoline, showed an inhibition of hypertension development in G 1 rats together with a preventive effect on untreated G 2 SHR (Moore et al., 1983). Thus prazosin failed to produce similar antihypertensive effects both in the treated rats and in their offspring and one can therefore conclude that nicergoline's effects were not only due to alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade.

Aging↗