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Biomedical subjects

N Moore

Publications and source records attributed to N Moore.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Modifications of the dopaminergic receptors sensitivity and learning of normoxic or hypobaric hypoxic rats.

In the present work we attempted to show whether a modification of the sensitivity of the dopaminergic receptors could act on the learning process in hypobaric hypoxia. Acute treatment with 1 mg/kg-1/day-1 pimozide increases the hypoxia-induced deleterious effect on a conditioned avoidance test whilst chronic administration of pimozide improves behavioral performances in hypoxic rats. Chronic treatment with apomorphine does not modify the learning both in normoxic and hypoxic rats in comparison with control rats, while acute treatment induces an anti-hypoxic protection and a fall in total responses (avoidance + escape). A pimozide-induced hypersensitivity (by chronic treatment) or a direct apomorphine-induced stimulation (by acute treatment) of post-synaptic dopaminergic receptors oppose the deleterious effects of hypobaric hypoxia.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Preliminary studies into percorneal penetration and elemental content of the stratum corneum using X-ray microanalysis.

A technique is described which measures the penetration of substances through the stratum corneum (SC) and the distribution of elements in this structure employing scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis. Preliminary observations show that the normal SC shows a concentration gradient of potassium, high in the surface layers and lowest deeper down whereas the reverse is true for phosphorus. It has been shown that sulphur rapidly tranverses the SC and seems to penetrate through all parts of the horny layer whereas lead and zinc do not easily enter this structure.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Benzodiazepine use in patients hospitalized in a department of internal medicine: frequency and clinical correlates.

PURPOSE: Misuse and overuse of benzodiazepines (BZD) are common. Several studies have shown that benzodiazepines are frequently used in hospitalized patients, but fewer studies have been conducted to investigate whether BZD use increases during the hospital stay or whether patients have already taken BZD before admission. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of benzodiazepine use in hospitalized patients and to determine characteristics associated with this use. METHODS: Prospective study over a 4-month period based on all admissions to a department of internal medicine. The main outcome was the prevalence of benzodiazepine use at admission, during hospital stay and at discharge. RESULTS: Of 444 patients admitted, 147 (33%) used at least one benzodiazepine which was in 75% of the cases, short-elimination half-life BZD used as hypnotic. Of 105 (23.6%) patients using BZD at admission, 23 (5.2%) stopped BZD during hospital stay or when leaving hospital. The in-hospital prevalence of BZD use was 30% (133 patients). In 28 (6.3%) patients without BZD at baseline, BZD was introduced during the hospital stay then stopped at discharge in 18 (4%) patients. The prevalence of BZD use at discharge was 23.9% (106 patients). In multivariate analyses, BZD use was significantly associated with number of drugs taken during hospitalization (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.03-1.24), and current neuropsychiatric diseases (OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 0.86-5.23), but not with gender, age or length of stay. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of BZD use appeared to be fairly high among hospitalized patients. There were very few new BZD users during hospital stay, most of whom were stopped at discharge. Most treatments were started before hospital, and continued during and after hospital stay without clear reevaluation.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attenuation by antidepressant drugs of alcohol intake in rats.

Ethanol preferring rats were selected and showed a constant voluntary intake of a 12% ethanol solution during 14 days (about 5 g/kg body weight daily). These alcohol preferring rats were daily IP injected during two weeks with different antidepressant drugs, according to their specificity of action: nomifensine (5 and 10 mg/kg) and maprotiline (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) (dopamine uptake inhibitors), desipramine and metapramine (5 and 10 mg/kg) (noradrenaline uptake inhibitors) clomipramine and doxepin (5 and 10 mg/kg) (serotonin uptake inhibitors). Only desipramine, 5 and 10 mg/kg, metapramine, 10 mg/kg, clomipramine, 5 and 10 mg/kg and doxepin, 10 mg/kg, were able to reduce significantly the ethanol intake. These drugs specifically inhibit noradrenaline or serotonin uptake. These data lead us to think that norepinephrine and/or serotonin, but not dopamine, are involved in the voluntary intake of alcohol.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Striatal dopamine does not appear involved in the voluntary intake of ethanol by rats.

Ethanol preferring and non preferring rats were selected. Ethanol preferring rats showed a constant voluntary intake of a 12% ethanol solution during 14 days (about 5 g/kg body weight daily) while the non preferring rats drank less than 1 g/kg body weight daily. Preferring rats were daily IP injected with 5 or 10 mg/kg of nomifensine, an inhibitor of dopamine uptake. Their intake of ethanol solution remained constant during the 14 days of treatment. Dopamine uptake into striatal synaptosomes was identical in ethanol preferring and non preferring rats. These data, as others, led us to suppose that striatal dopamine is not involved in the voluntary intake of ethanol by rats.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

GABA transmission, but not benzodiazepine receptor stimulation, modulates ethanol intake by rats.

Adult male Long Evans were selected as ethanol preferring rats (DR) during 28 days. After this period, they were daily IP injected during 14 days with one of the next drugs: diazepam 1 mg.kg-1, alprazolam 1 mg.kg-1 (benzodiazepines), progabide 25 mg. kg-1 (GABA A and B agonist), nipecotic acid 150 mg.kg-1 (GABA uptake inhibitor), muscimol 0.2 mg.kg-1 (GABA A agonist), AOAA 10 mg.kg-1 (GABA decarboxylase inhibitor), baclofen 3 mg.kg-1 (GABA B agonist), or NaCl 0.9% (1 ml/200 g). During treatment, rats were isolated, had free access to food, and free choice between ethanol (12%) and water whose respective consumption were daily noted. Among treatments, only AOAA and baclofen were able to decrease significantly ethanol intake, without modifying total liquid intake. The action of these different drugs on GABA transmission and on ethanol intake was discussed. It was concluded that GABA A and benzodiazepine receptors were not implicated in ethanol intake, but that modulation of voluntary ethanol intake could be associated with a modification of GABA metabolism and/or stimulation of GABA B receptors. An intervention of GABA B receptors on noradrenergic pathways was also evoked.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Voice onset time in speech produced by inexperienced signers during simultaneous communication.

This study investigated sentence duration and voice onset time (VOT) of plosive consonants in words produced during simultaneous communication (SC) by inexperienced signers. Stimulus words embedded in a sentence were produced with speech only and produced with SC by 12 inexperienced sign language users during the first and last weeks of an introductory sign language course. Results indicated significant differences between the speech and SC conditions in sentence duration and VOT of initial plosives at both the beginning and the end of the class. Voiced/voiceless VOT contrasts were enhanced in SC but followed English voicing rules and varied appropriately with place of articulation. These results are consistent with previous findings regarding the influence of rate changes on the temporal fine structure of speech (Miller, 1987) and were similar to the voicing contrast results reported for clear speech by Picheny, Durlach, and Braida (1986) and for experienced signers using SC by Schiavetti, Whitehead, Metz, Whitehead, and Mignerey (1996).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hypoglycemia induced by cibenzoline in the elderly].

Hypoglycaemia induced by class IA antiarrhythmic agents has been described. A case of cibenzoline-induced hypoglycaemia with favourable outcome is reported. The patient's age (84 years), increased renal impairment and malnutrition acted as facilitating factors. Blood insulin levels were normal in both absolute and relative values. Therapeutic overdosage in relation to age and renal function has been found in 20 out of 24 cases published or recorded by the French pharmacovigilance system. The mechanism of this hypoglycaemia is uncertain; absolute or relative hyperinsulinism has been detected in only 5 out of 14 controlled cases.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship-centered care: achieving true value in healthcare.

Intuitively, most healthcare leaders and caregivers appreciate the significance of effective relationships and their probable connection with positive patient outcome and financial success. In light of the lack of empirical descriptions and support for these relationships, however, a reluctance is seen to ascribe significant value, energy, and financial resources to relationship building. We describe the national initiative sponsored by the Fetzer Institute to support the Relationship-Centered Care Network, describe a relationship model to gain a greater appreciation of the complexities of relationships, and share experiences of an organization that operates based on the principles of relationship-centered care.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interference between central dopaminergic stimulation, and adrenal secretion in normoxic or hypobaric hypoxic rats.

Previous data have established that postsynaptic stimulation of central dopaminergic receptors was mainly involved in the protective action of apomorphine against the comportmental consequences of hypobaric hypoxia in rats: disturbances in a conditioned avoidance response. We confirm this notion showing that domperidone (a peripheral dopaminergic blocking agent) does not antagonize the protective effect of apomorphine. Furthermore, we establish that the action of apomorphine is at least partially mediated by adrenal glands since it is no longer seen in adrenalectomized rats. In normal rats, apomorphine enhances the corticosterone increase which is observed during hypobaric hypoxia and decreases the hypoxia-induced elevation of the adrenaline level. It is therefore concluded that the anti-hypoxic activity of apomorphine is probably mediated by a centrally mediated dopaminergic modification of the adrenal response to hypobaric hypoxia.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastrointestinal tolerability of ibuprofen compared with paracetamol and aspirin at over-the-counter doses.

This multicentre, randomized, investigator-blinded, parallel-group study compared the gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability of ibuprofen, paracetamol and aspirin at over-the-counter doses for common pain indications. Patients (of whom 8633 were evaluable) took either ibuprofen up to 1200 mg daily, or paracetamol or aspirin, each up to 3000 mg daily, for 1-7 days. The main outcome was the proportion of patients with GI adverse events. There were significantly more patients who suffered GI adverse events, principally abdominal pain, dyspepsia, nausea and diarrhoea, with aspirin (18.5%) than with ibuprofen (11.5%), but the difference between ibuprofen and paracetamol (13.1%) was not significant. Significantly more of those patients with a history of non-ulcer GI disease (n = 371) developed GI adverse events than did those with no such history; the incidence of GI adverse events in both groups was lowest with ibuprofen. More women than men experienced GI adverse events (15.5% versus 12.8%). The higher incidence of GI adverse events with aspirin was evident from the first day of treatment. In conclusion, the GI tolerability of ibuprofen, at over-the-counter doses of up to 1200 mg daily for up to 7 days, was at least as good as that of paracetamol and significantly better than that of aspirin.

Acetaminophen↗