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Biomedical subjects

N Miyazaki

Publications and source records attributed to N Miyazaki.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Isolation, structure, and properties of the beta-carboline formed from 5-hydroxytryptamine by the superoxide anion-generating system.

A yellow substance was isolated by Sephadex LH-20 gel chromatography, silica gel TLC, and reversed-phase HPLC after incubation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) with the superoxide anion (O2-)-generating system, i.e., the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, in the presence of the Fe-EDTA complex and glycine in alkaline medium. The product gave a blue color with Ehrlich's reagent very slowly but no color with xanthydrol and Gibbs' reagent. Its reduced form, however, gave an immediate blue-violet color with all three reagents. No color was developed with ninhydrin, but the reduced form was orange-red. The chemical structure of the yellow substance was identified by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance and field desorption-mass spectrometry as 4,9-dihydro-3H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-6-ol (6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-beta-carboline, 5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrotryptoline). The one carbon unit inserted into 5-HT came from glycine, with its 14C-2 being incorporated into C-1 of the yellow substance. The mechanism for the formation of the yellow substance from 5-HT is discussed. This compound inhibited 5-HT uptake into rat brain cortical synaptosomes with an IC50 of 1.5 X 10(-4) M and a Ki value of 1.2 X 10(-5) M.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A possible role of airway epithelium in modulating hyperresponsiveness.

1. In order to examine the role of airway epithelium in the responsiveness of smooth muscle in man, we measured the contractile responses to acetylcholine (ACh), histamine, and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and the relaxation response to isoprenaline (Isop), in 48 bronchi obtained from 10 patients who received surgery. Responses were measured in the presence and absence of the epithelium. 2. Removal of epithelium (by rubbing the mucosa gently with forceps) significantly increased the contractile responses evoked by ACh, histamine and PGF2 alpha. 3. In contrast, removal of epithelium did not alter the relaxation response to Isop. 4. To clarify the mechanism underlying this epithelial inhibitory effect on smooth muscle contraction, we measured the contractile responses of dog trachea with the epithelium removed to increasing concentrations of ACh. After measuring the control response, we added about 0.1 g of the chopped epithelium in the organ chamber, and measured the response again. 5. After adding airway epithelium and incubating with tracheal strips, the contractile response of tracheal strips decreased significantly as compared to the control response. 6. These results show that airway epithelium possesses the ability to decrease the smooth muscle contraction to ACh, histamine and PGF2 alpha in man and dogs. 7. The mechanism of this inhibitory effect of the airway epithelium is not explained by a change in mechanical property of the airway nor the change in diffusion of these drugs to the smooth muscle across the epithelium. Thus, these results suggest that airway epithelium may have an important role in modulating smooth muscle tone, possibly by inactivation of these mediators, or by releasing an epithelium-derived relaxing factor.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1988

[A case of large cell carcinoma of the lung responding to cisplatin-based polychemotherapy].

A patient with large cell carcinoma of the lung with multiple intrapulmonary metastases has been treated with three courses of cisplatin-based polychemotherapy (cisplatin, adriamycin and peplomycin). He experienced nausea, vomiting, alopecia, and bone marrow suppression as side effects, which proved to be mild, that he tolerated well. A complete response was obtained, and he has been free of disease for more than three years.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[An autopsy case of lymphoid interstitial pneumonia with monoclonal gammopathy].

An autopsy case of a 75-year-old female with lymphoid interstitial pneumonia with monoclonal gammopathy of IgA kappa type is reported. The patient was admitted to UOEH Hospital suffering from a cough, sputum and fever. After examining a specimen of transbronchial lung biopsy and chest X ray films, lymphoid interstitial pneumonia was suspected. Serum immunological examination showed monoclonal IgA kappa type hypergammaglobulinemia. Marked clinical and radiological improvement was attained after prednisolone administration. After 16 months, however, the patient deteriorated and expired on January 21, 1986. On postmortem examination, a number of plasma cells as well as lymphoid cells were seen to have infiltrated in the thickened interalveolar septa and the parenchyme of the lymph nodes throughout the whole body. The architecture of lymph nodes remained preserved, while the cortex as well as the medulla was almost completely replaced by plasma cells and lymphoplasmacytoid cells. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated the presence of IgA kappa in the plasma cells and some of the lymphoplasmacytoid cells in both lymph nodes and lungs. These findings suggest that the proliferating plasma cells and lymphoplasmacytoid cells were in neoplastic or preneoplastic states and support the hypothesis that lymphoid interstitial pneumonia may be an expression of the systemic lymphoproliferative disorders in the lung.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Localization of serotonin-immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of Octopus vulgaris by immunohistochemistry.

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin)-containing cells were localized in the central nervous system of Octopus vulgaris by use of the unlabelled peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) immunohistochemical method employing highly specific antibodies to 5-HT present in paraformaldehyde-fixed tissue. Antibodies were raised in rabbits against an immunogen prepared by coupling 5-HT to bovine thyroglobulin (BTG) or to bovine serum albumin (BSA) with formaldehyde as the coupling reagent. The specificity of the immune reaction was studied by both absorption test and radioimmunoassay. The distribution of 5-HT immunoreactivity observed in octopus brain was essentially similar to that reported by other workers who used formaldehyde- or glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence method. In addition, this immunohistochemical technique revealed 5-HT-containing perikarya in both the chromatophore and the palliovisceral lobes which were not detected by the previous fluorescence histochemical method. Thus, this immunocytochemical procedure appears to be a specific and very sensitive technique for the localization of 5-HT within the central nervous system of cephalopod Mollusca.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Mathematical evaluation of 24-hour blood-pressure variability in young, middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients.

The characteristics of 24-hour blood pressure variation in hypertensive patients were assessed using new indices of variability. Blood pressure of 43 inpatients with essential hypertension was measured using a portable device without disturbing daily behaviors. Variances in systolic and diastolic pressure values obtained for a day (SDd2), and short-term (SDh2) and long-term (SD24(2) variances were calculated; their relationship was expressed as SDd2 = SDh2 + SD24(2). SDh and SD24 were expedient in assessing the relatively fast and slow blood-pressure variations, respectively. The results showed that the ratio SDh2/SDd2 (percentile of the short-term variance in a whole-day variance) increased and therefore SD24(2)/SDd2 decreased as age increased for both systolic and diastolic pressures. It was found, moreover, that systolic SDh was significantly related to age and baroreflex sensitivity, and systolic SD24 to the heart rate during waking hours. The physiological and clinical significance of SDh and SD24 is discussed, briefly, including arterial wall stiffness.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Relationship between 24-hour arterial pressure and heart rate variation in normotensives, hypertensives and patients with Shy-Drager syndrome.

To investigate a relation between circadian blood pressure and heart rate variation, intra-arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded during 24 hours in 53 untreated essential hypertensives (EH), 8 secondary hypertensives, 10 normotensives (NT), and 3 patients with Shy-Drager syndrome. Values of systolic BP (SBP) and HR were sampled at about 10 second intervals throughout the 24-hour to calculate the coefficient of correlation between SBP and HR (rSBP-HR). A significant positive correlation was found between SBP and HR levels in each subject of EH with WHO stage I and II, along with NT (average rSBP-HR = 0.59, 0.40, and 0.54 respectively, p less than 0.001). Low coefficients of correlation were found in the EH with WHO Stage III (r = 0.16) and the patients with pheochromocytoma (r = 0.05). In contrast, a significant negative correlation was found in the patients with Shy-Drager syndrome (r = -0.44, p less than 0.001). Since HR is controlled mainly by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the results suggest that the circadian variation of SBP is also mainly controlled by the ANS in the subjects with high rSBP-HR and that of SBP controlled by the other factors in subjects with low rSBP-HR.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The effects of twice daily captopril and once daily enalapril on ambulatory intraarterial blood pressure in essential hypertension.

Intraarterial ambulatory pressure (AP) was recorded before and during therapy with captopril or enalapril in two groups with hypertension. Seven patients were admitted during the study. The monitoring of AP and heart rate (HR) was performed during placebo therapy and following a minimum period of 7 days of 25 mg twice daily captopril or 2.5 to 10 mg once daily enalapril. The AP and HR following percutaneous insertion of a cannula into the brachial artery were sampled then data were analyzed as reported previously. After the cannula was inserted, examinations of tilt-up, handgrip and ergometer were performed. Both drugs produced a significant reduction of ambulatory AP throughout 24 hours with preservation of the overall shape of the circadian curve. The results also demonstrated that both drugs had not affected normal daily activities. Thus, twice daily captopril and once daily enalapril can be used as the first-line therapy of hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Examination of the fine interstitial changes of pneumoconiosis with high resolution computed tomography (HR-CT)].

High resolution CT was performed in 14 patients with fine interstitial changes of pneumoconiosis and Review image was evaluated for the diagnostic accuracy as compared with conventional chest roentgenogram. Of the 14 Patients in the study, 7 were divided category 1 by the ILO U/C classification, 4 were category 2, 3 were category 3. Studies of lung function showed obstructive ventilatory disturbance characterized by moderate reduction in FEV1.0% (58.6 +/- 16.5%) and V25/H (0.34 +/- 0.24 l/sec/m). HR-CT defined more sensitive in the presence of fine lung nodules than conventional X-p, and showed high contrast interfaces provided by the aerated lung. HR-CT was also of value in detecting bulla, bleb, peripleural changes and hilar lymphadenopathy. Radiologic-pathologic correlation was examined on the specimens of transbronchial lung biopsy in 4 patients, and revealed the diagnostic usefullness of HR-CT.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[A case of sarcoidosis with marked bronchial involvement].

Bronchial mucosal biopsy is considered to be a useful procedure for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis in Europe and the USA. However, bronchial involvement of sarcoidosis has seldom been reported in Japan. We report an interesting case of sarcoidosis with marked bronchial changes. A 40-year-old symptom free women visited our hospital to seek a diagnosis concerning a diffuse reticulonodular shadow in her chest X-ray film. Bronchofiberscopy showed multiple nodules, yellow white plaques and hypervascularity of the thickened edematous mucosa with severe stenosis and deformity of the lober or segmental bronchi. Bronchial mucosal biopsy as well as TBLB revealed typical non-caseating epithelioid granulomas. A pulmonary function test showed restrictive ventilatory disturbance with impaired diffusing capacity and small airway dysfunction. After corticosteroid therapy, bronchial mucosal changes disappeared and chest radiological and pulmonary function abnormalities were improved. After reviewing the bronchofiberscopic findings of 11 cases of sarcoidosis, we found bronchial mucosal changes in 8 cases. Bronchial mucosal biopsy should be regarded as an important procedure for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Non-Gaussian distribution of arterial pressure and heart rate during sleep and waking in hypertensive and normotensive subjects.

For statistical analysis of 24-hour recordings of arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR), it is necessary to establish a theoretical probability density function of the distributions. In the present study, 24-hour recordings of direct AP and HR were performed in 15 normotensives (NT) and 39 patients with essential hypertension (EH) by means of a new portable device with a digital memory for analyzing frequency histograms. In both NT and EH, frequency histograms of AP (systolic and diastolic AP) and HR during a 24-hour period showed bi-modal curves, whereas those made during sleep and waking produced asymmetrical patterns resembling Gamma distribution. From the AP and HR histograms made for each subject during sleep and waking, such parameters as mean (M), standard deviation, mode (Mo), skewness (Sk), kurtosis (K) and minimum values (Mi) were calculated. The Sk and M minus Mo were positive, and K was greater than 3 in both HR and AP histograms; the AP and HR histograms during sleep can be more correctly analyzed with Gamma distribution (mean parameter errors were less than 7.3%) than with Gaussian distribution (in this: S = O, M minus Mo = O, K = 3). The Mi would accord with the location parameter of the Gamma distribution.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A new portable device for 24-hour recording of ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure and heart rate in hypertensive patients.

A new portable device (measuring 14 X 11 X 5 cm, weighing 600 g) has been developed for recording ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure (BP) and R-R intervals on the electrocardiogram at 10 sec intervals throughout a 24 hour period and a computer system for analysis of the 8,640 digital recordings of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR). Using this device, SBP, DBP and HR recordings were obtained in 12 normotensive patients and 37 patients with essential hypertension (of whom 19 presented in WHO Stage I and 18 in WHO Stage II). The 24-hour BP variation (SD) increased with increasing 24 hour mean BP but there was no difference of statistical significance in SD/mean among the 3 groups. There was a good correlation (r = 0.70 to 0.94) between SBP and DBP during 24 hours. The average of A in the linear regression equation, SBP = A X DBP +B, was greatest for patients with WHO Stage I and the average of 24-hour HR was highest for this group. The results suggested that these patients were in a hyperdynamic cardiac state. The new portable SBP-DBP-HR recorder is easy and simple to use and has the advantage of being low-cost, and therefore will be useful in clinical applications.

Ambulatory Care↗