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Biomedical subjects

N Kawate

Publications and source records attributed to N Kawate.

69 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[A diagnostic imaging system for cancer localization using an excimer dye laser].

Hematoporphyrin derivative has an affinity for malignant tissue and emits a red fluorescence when exposed to excitatory light. Therefore it is theoretically possible to make a diagnosis of cancer localization by observation of this fluorescence. The authors have been developing a new imaging system for cancer diagnosis using an excimer-dye laser. The excimer pulse has a 308 nm ultraviolet beam emitted by XeCl. Simplification and accuracy of the fluorescence diagnostic procedure was achieved by utilizing the nature of the pulse and a polychrometer. The diagnostic system permits endoscopic examination under ordinary observation light. Investigations have been performed in animal tumor models including FM-mouse (breast cancer) and beagle dog (esophageal cancer). Tumor tissue showed a distinct fluorescence, but no fluorescence could be observed in normal tissue, 72 hours after hematoporphyrin derivative administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Quantitative cytochemical differences between young and old patients with lung cancer.

In order to study differences in the tumor growth and frequency of metastases between younger and older patients with lung cancer, we investigated the nuclear DNA and nuclear protein according to age by means of cytophotometry after combined staining with Feulgen and Naphthol Yellow S. On the basis of Feulgen-Naphthol Yellow S staining method, 13 patients less than 40 years old and 16 patients older than 70 years were investigated. Our results showed no significant difference in nuclear DNA contents between young and old patients, but there were significantly higher nuclear protein contents (p less than 0.05) and nuclear protein to nuclear DNA (NP/DNA) ratios (p less than 0.001) in young patients than in old patients. This suggests that young patients may have higher tumor proliferation (high nuclear protein contents and NP/DNA ratios). The lower nuclear protein content and NP/DNA ratio of older cases is in keeping with the general phenomenon of slower tumor growth and less frequent metastases in such cases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Preoperative laser photodynamic therapy in combination with operation in lung cancer.

Fifteen patients with lung cancer were treated by combined preoperative photodynamic therapy and operation. Preoperative photodynamic therapy was performed for the purpose of either reducing the extent of resection or increasing operability. Clinically, five patients had Stage I disease, two had Stage II, seven had Stage III, and one had Stage IV. There were two cases of tracheal invasion from primary foci, three cases of intrabronchial polypoid tumor or invasion of the carina by primary lesions, eight cases of polypoid tumor or invasion of the main bronchus, and two cases of double primary foci. Argon dye lasers were used in this study. Preoperative laser photodynamic therapy was performed 48 to 72 hours after intravenous administration of hematoporphyrin derivative. Therapeutic conditions were 60 to 600 joules for the superficial invasive areas and additional 200 to 800 mW for 8 to 15 minutes for polypoid tumors. Operation was performed 1 to 9 weeks after photodynamic therapy. The initial purpose of photodynamic therapy was achieved in 11 of 15 patients treated. In four of five originally inoperable cases, conversion to an operable condition was achieved. Ten patients were originally candidates for pneumonectomy, and it became possible to reduce the extent of resection to lobectomy or bilobectomy in seven of them. This study suggests that photodynamic therapy may have an important role in combination with operation and other modalities in advanced lung cancers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[Laser photodynamic therapy with hematoporphyrin derivative in lung cancer].

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) was performed in 100 cases with lung cancer. The efficacy and limitation of this therapy were evaluated in this paper. Of these 19 cases were early stage lung cancer (Ia) and there were 16 stage I, 11 stage II, 38 stage III and 16 stage IV. The indications of PDT to obtain complete cure should be limited to cases of early stage lung cancer satisfying the following conditions. The focus should be visible endoscopically. Submucosal tumor invasion should be limited to within the bronchial cartilage. The dose of HpD should be more than 2.5 mg/kg body weight but less than 5mg. The light dose should be more than 180 Joules/cm2 in cases of superficial tumor. In advanced lung cancer cases, PDT was effective to treat the local lesion for the improvement of performance status. Combination PDT with surgery made it possible to increase the indications of surgery or reduce the extent of resection area in some cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Clinical measurement of tumor fluorescence using a new diagnostic system with hematoporphyrin derivative, laser photoradiation, and a spectroscope.

Hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) is retained by malignant tumors and emits fluorescence with peaks of 630 and 690 nm wavelength when HPD is exposed to light. It is therefore theoretically possible to make a diagnosis of malignant tumors by detecting the fluorescence of HPD. The authors developed a spectroscope system compatible with fiberoptic endoscopes to analyze the shape of the fluorescence light spectrum. We could clearly recognize the HPD-specific fluorescence in human cancer foci. This system can be applied to the measurement of the relative amount of HPD absorbed in superficial tumor tissue before the photodynamic therapy. This might suggest the extent of tumor. The clinical diagnostic applications of this system are described in this study.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Distribution of ornithine decarboxylase activity induced by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in chick duodenal villus mucosa.

The distribution of enzymes involved in polyamine synthesis and that of the polyamine levels were investigated in the duodenal mucosa of vitamin D-deficient chicks and those supplemented with 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3]. Duodenal epithelial cells were isolated sequentially from the villus tip to the crypt region using a nonenzymatic method. In vitamin D-deficient chicks, the activities of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase were markedly higher in the crypt cells than in the villus cells. Similar gradients were observed in the distribution of putrescine and spermidine. Six hours after iv administration of 625 ng 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3, ODC activity and putrescine levels markedly increased both in the villus and crypt region. The rate of the increase in ODC activity and putrescine levels, however, was much higher in the villus than in the crypt region. Neither S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity nor spermidine levels were affected by the treatment with 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3. To investigate differential uptake of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 in the duodenal mucosa, 0.1 nmol 1 alpha,25-(OH)2[3H]D3 with or without a 200-fold excess of unlabeled 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 was injected into rachitic chicks, and epithelial cells were sequentially isolated 2 h later. The radioactivity specifically incorporated in the nuclear fraction was distributed uniformly from the villus tip to crypt cells. The cytoplasmic receptor for 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 was similarly distributed in the crypt and villus cells. These results suggest that 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 plays a physiological role in cellular activities not only in the villus but also in the crypt region through polyamine biosynthesis.

Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase↗
PubMed1982

The possible role of calcium-binding protein induced by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the intestinal calcium transport mechanism.

The relationship between the appearance of vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (CaBP) and calcium absorption was studied in sequentially isolated duodenal mucosal preparations from vitamin D-deficient chicks and those supplemented with vitamin D3 or 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3]. The duodenal calcium absorption activity was significantly increased 6 h after a single iv injection of 0.625 microgram of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3, attained a maximum at 12 h, and declined gradually thereafter. On the other hand, only small amounts of CaBP appeared in the crypt and lower villus regions 6 h after 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 administration. At 12 h, the CaBP was found in the entire villus, but its content was still much higher in the crypt and lower villus. At 24 h and 48 h, the distribution of CaBP showed the opposite gradient, higher in the villus and lower in the crypt. At 72 h, CaBP was found only in the upper villus. The life time of duodenal mucosal cells was calculated to be 108 h as indicated by the cells labeled with [3H]thymidine. Thus, the movement of CaBP from the crypt to the villus tip was considered to be much faster than the cell migration, suggesting that both crypt and villus cells are capable of producing CaBP. Daily administration of vitamin D3 or 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 for 2 weeks resulted in a marked increase in CaBP levels mainly in the mid- and upper villus regions. The higher the intestinal calcium transport activity was, the higher the duodenal CaBP content. These results suggest that CaBP is not necessary in initiating intestinal calcium transport, but it plays an important role in maintaining the enhanced transport mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA and immunohistochemical localization of their proteins in the ovine uterus during the early implantation period.

Accumulated evidence suggests that growth factors of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family play an important role in the murine implantation process. In the sheep, however, the uterine distribution of these factors and their receptor, EGF receptor (EGF-R), during implantation is not known. This study examined the presence of mRNA transcripts and immunohistochemical localization for transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), the potent EGF-family member, and EGF-R in the ovine uterus during the early implantation period. By reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the products, the presence of TGF-alpha and EGF-R mRNA transcripts were detected in the endometrium on Days 14, 16 and 20 (Day 0 = day of mating). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the luminal and glandular epithelial cells and some stromal cells of the endometrium and the trophectoderm were positive for TGF-alpha and EGF-R on Days 14 and 15. Distinct staining for TGF-alpha was observed in the glandular epithelium of deep endometrial areas and strong immunoreactivity for EGF-R was found in the trophectoderm. On Days 16, 18 and 20, although the staining pattern for TGF-alpha was similar to that on the previous days, the immunoreactivity for EGF-R in the stromal cells increased and that in the gland decreased. A distinct immunoreactivity for EGF-R was found in the trophectoderm throughout the days examined. These results suggest that TGF-alpha expressed in the endometrium and trophectoderm may exert effects locally on these tissues during implantation in sheep. Furthermore, it is speculated that the temporal changes in the uterine EGF-R distribution may be related to the endometrial microvascular development.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytologic features based on the expression of E-cadherin and catenins in lung adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between E-cadherin-associated cell-to-cell adhesion and cytologic features in preoperative cytologic lung adenocarcinoma specimens. STUDY DESIGN: Evaluation of the relationship between cell-to-cell adhesion, formation of cellular clusters and frequency of single cells in 31 cases of primary lung adenocarcinoma, collected by brush and needle cytology preoperatively. RESULTS: Most cases with remarkable overlapping of cells in compact cellular clusters and a few solitary cells maintained cell-to-cell adhesion. Cellular clusters that had a slight tendency to overlap, a small cell-to-cell adhesion area and a high frequency of solitary cells tended to lack E-cadherin-associated cell-to-cell adhesion. CONCLUSION: Formation of cellular clusters and the appearance of solitary cancer cells are closely related to E-cadherin-associated cell-to-cell adhesion. Therefore, it is highly likely that cytologic features may indicate malignant behavior, such as local invasion and lymph node metastasis, in primary lung adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗