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Biomedical subjects

N Kamada

Publications and source records attributed to N Kamada.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Metastatic malignant lymphoma of the skull with extradural and extracranial extension. Case report].

A 72-year-old male was hospitalized because of a steadily growing mass (4 x 4 x 2 cm) in the frontal region, noticed following head injury. Six months earlier, he had declined treatment for malignant lymphoma (small non-cleaved cell type), discovered upon evaluation of a subcutaneous mass in his forearm. Neurological examination on admission was negative. Plain skull films revealed a large, osteolytic lesion with an irregular margin. Bone scintigraphy disclosed no uptake other than in the frontal bone. Computed tomography (CT) showed a large, homogeneously enhanced mass with both extradural and extracranial extension, which had destroyed the left frontal bone. The skull tumor was totally resected, and the diagnosis was malignant lymphoma, large cell, immunoblastic and plasmacytoid type. Postoperative combined chemotherapy with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone, and adriamycin resulted in the complete disappearance of liver metastases. The patient was readmitted 2 months later, however, because of headache and gradually progressive impairment of consciousness. A CT scan disclosed brain metastasis in the paraventricular region. Radiation therapy (20 Gy) was administered but no further treatment was given. Skull metastasis is not uncommon in cases of malignant lymphoma, but a large mass with both extradural and extracranial extension is rare. Although aggressive chemotherapy was effective, prophylactic irradiation of the brain should have been considered in this case.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Acute granulocytic leukemia with near-tetraploid chromosome constitution appearing in the late stage of the disease with survival of almost 9 years].

A near-tetraploid clone was observed at the 5th relapse in a 34 year-old female with acute granulocytic leukemia. She was referred to Hiroshima University Hospital presenting with palpitation in May 1978. On admission she had a WBC count of 2,900/microliters with 31.5% blasts, platelet count of 2.4 x 10(4)/microliters and hemoglobin of 2.8 g/dl. A bone marrow aspirate showed hypercellular with 88.5% blasts. Most of them were weakly positive for peroxidase reaction. Occasional Auer rod and/or fine azurophilic granules were observed. DCMP therapy (daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, 6-mercaptopurine, and prednisone) was started and the first complete remission was achieved in August 1978. Afterward, the 5th relapse occurred in August 1986 and several kinds of drugs were given without effects. She died 8 years and 9 months after the diagnosis. Karyotype prior to treatment showed a normal diploidy without tetraploid mitoses. However, cells with near-tetraploid (mode: 91) were observed predominantly on the 5th relapse sample and almost all mitoses were occupied with near-tetraploidy at the terminal stage. Results of serial cytogenetic and hematologic study showed a close correlation between the incidence of near-tetraploid mitoses and that of very large blast cells. The significance of tetraploidy in previously reported 44 cases including our case was discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Cancer and chromosomes].

Recent advances of cytogenetics in human hematological malignancies and solid tumors were reviewed. In leukemia and lymphoma, many non-random chromosome aberrations have been found in the last decade. Further specific chromosome aberrations, which existed usually in less than five percent of acute leukemia cases, were recently found, including t (1 ; 3) in MDS or AML M4, +der (1) t (1 ; 7) in MDS, t (1 ; 11) in AML M4 or M5 and +4 in AML M2 or M4. Recurrent chromosome deletions of 17p-, 9q- and 2p- were also found as secondary aberrations in association with tumor development. Accumulation of the data from variant translocation for the 9 ; 22, 8 ; 21 and 15 ; 17 gave us important informations of critical sites of the chromosome in leukemia development. A new trial for the simultaneous analysis of morphology, immunologic phenotype and karyotype on the same metaphase clearly demonstrated stem cell origin of leukemia in some cases, specializing the affected cell lineage. Progress in non-radioactive in situ hybridization techniques now allows approaches to the recognition of particular chromosome abnormality in metaphase and also in interphase cell by means of specific repetitive probes for each chromosome. Though a hypothesis that fragile sites may act as factors predisposing to chromosomal rearrangements have attracted attention in past few years, recent results appear to be conflicting without any direct proof. Cytogenetic studies in solid tumor have been remarkably progressed with advances of methodology. Recurrent chromosome aberrations in solid tumor were found, such as t (X ; 18) in synovial sarcoma, t (12 ; 16) in liposarcoma, and i (12p) in seminoma. Studies on the correlation between specific chromosome changes and histologic subtypes resulted in an useful orientation to the diagnosis and the therapy. Advance in cytogenetics may serve as new concepts for patho-physiology of malignant tumors and contribute to further understandings of molecular genetics in human solid tumors.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1989

[c-myc gene amplification and N-ras transforming gene in two cases of acute myelocytic leukemia with double minute chromosomes].

We report two leukemia patients with double minutes (DMs) chromosomes. Both patients were diagnosed as having acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) FAB M2. Cytogenetic analysis showed normal chromosome karyotype with 1-53 DMs chromosomes in the first patient, and complex chromosome aberrations including deletion of chromosome 8 at 8q24 region and 1-84 DMs chromosomes in the second patient who had a history of extensive radiotherapy for laryngeal cancer 8 years prior to the development of leukemia. Analysis of DNA from the two patients revealed that oncogene of c-myc was amplified about 5 to 10 folds in the leukemic cells. The other fourteen oncogene of c-myc was c-myb, c-abl and N-myc, showed no increases of gene content. Furthermore, a transforming gene, N-ras was detected in the first patient by in vivo selection assay method. This is the second report on AML patients with c-myc gene amplification and DMs chromosomes.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Late appearance of Philadelphia chromosome with bcr gene rearrangement in an acute myelocytic leukemia patient].

A case of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML-M2) with a late appearance of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) is presented. Chromosome analysis revealed a normal karyotype at the time of diagnosis and for 23 months, when hematological relapse occurred, accompanied by abnormal clones, 46, XX, t(9;22) (q34;q11) (78%) and 45,XX, -16, t(9;22) (q34;q11), del (5) (q13q31) (22%). The patient died of GVHD after bone marrow transplantation. Molecular analysis confirmed bcr gene rearrangement in the cells with Ph1 chromosome. Acquisition of Ph1 chromosome during the course of hematological malignancies other than CML is extremely rare. This case is undoubtedly important for the understanding of leukemogenesis and the evolution of leukemia clones. The authors discussed possible mechanisms of Ph1 acquisition in the late stages of AML.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A computer program for analysis of chromosome abnormalities.

A computer program was made for the statistical analysis of a large number of abnormal karyotypes and for studies on the relationship between chromosomal abnormalities and clinical features of diseases. The program is based on the disintegration of abnormal karyotypes and the identification of types of abnormalities, chromosome numbers, and breakpoints on chromosomes. The frequencies of abnormalities could be tabulated in a given population according to type, chromosome number, and breakpoints.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1988

Reclassification of leukemia among A-bomb survivors in Nagasaki using French-American-British (FAB) classification for acute leukemia.

The concordance rate for diagnoses of atomic bomb-related cases of leukemia in Nagasaki was determined using the French-American-British (FAB) classification for acute leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Two Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) hematologists and one of the members (JMB) of the FAB cooperative group reviewed independently the peripheral blood and/or bone marrow smears from 193 people with leukemia or a related disorder. There was 85% agreement in the identification of types and subtypes of acute leukemia. There was almost complete agreement for the diagnoses of non-FAB disorders (chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and others) resulting in overall concordance of 88.2%. The present study suggests that the previously established leukemia types for about a quarter of the cases of acute leukemia and related disorders except CML should be changed. Considerable numbers of cases of ATL and MDS were involved in this series. The frequency of the former disease was not high in the high-dose irradiated group, but that of the latter was considerably high. All subtypes of AML except M3 and M6 were present in the high-dose group. The striking difference in CML incidence between Nagasaki and Hiroshima may continue to be a problem in relation to biological response to radiation exposure.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Mechanisms of transplantation tolerance induced by liver grafting in rats: involvement of serum factors in clonal deletion.

An adoptive transfer assay system was used to investigate the ability of serum from tolerant, liver-grafted rats to inactivate normal thoracic duct lymphocytes. PVG rats were rendered tolerant of DA alloantigens by liver grafting. Serum taken from such rats was used to treat normal PVG thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) in vitro and the transplant reactivity of the cells then tested in an adoptive transfer assay. Specific decreased responsiveness compared with TDL treated with normal sera was observed, indicating the functional elimination of alloreactive clones by agents in liver-graft serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Agreement rates and American-Japanese pathologists' comparability of a modified Working Formulation for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. An analysis of the cases collected for the Fifth International Workshop on Chromosomes in Leukemia-Lymphoma.

Histopathologic slides of 368 cases collected from 16 institutions around the world for the Fifth International Chromosome Workshop were independently reviewed by a group of five hematopathologists consisting of two Americans and three Japanese. Agreement rates of their diagnoses using the Working Formulation (WF) for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were studied. A modified classification scheme of the WF was used in order to define cytologic subtypes more specifically, enabling 65 possible diagnostic choices. Data analyses by computer revealed that at least four out of five diagnostic agreements were observed in 290 cases (78.9%). Similar agreements were observed in more than 80% of the cases for most of the categories of the WF, excepting diffuse small cleaved (73.3%), diffuse mixed (64.2%), diffuse large cell (76.5%), and immunoblastic lymphoma (70.2%). Agreement rates between American and Japanese pathologists did not demonstrate statistically significant differences against expected values. It was concluded that the WF was a reliable and useful classification system for multi-institutional as well as international projects, although refinements may be necessary in some categories for better diagnostic agreement.

Humans↗